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BULLETIN

OF THE

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Volume I

(Nos.l-4.)

1SS4-L886.

s.\N FRANCIS

George Spaulding & Co , Book and Joe Printers

414 C%y Street, below Sansome

1886

I hereby certify that printed copies of this Bulletin, Vol.
I, were issued as follows:

Bulletin I .' February 29, 1884

Bulletin II January 31, 1885

Bulletin III February 28, 1885

Pages 179-234 August 29, 1885

Pages 235-255 October 13, 1885

Pages 256-271 November 19, 1885

Pages 272-282 December 14, 1885

Pages 283-336 December 15, 1885

Pages 337-357 December 29, 1885

Pages 358-372 January 26, 1886

CHAS. G. YALE,

Recording Secretary.

/))

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

Bulletin II being paged independently, references to it are marked with an
asterisk.

Behr, H. H. Biological Synopsis of California Lepidoptera 63

New Lepidoptera 61

and A. Kellogg. A new Anemone 5

Casey, Thos. L. New Genera and Species of Californian Coleoptea. . . . 283

Cooke, M. C. and H. W. Harkness. Fnngi of the Pacific Coast 13

Cooper, J. G. On Fossil and Sub-Fossil Land Shells of the United

States, with notes on Living Species 2.35

Curran, Marv K. Botanical Notes 272

Descriptions of some California Plants 151

List of the Plants described by Dr. Albert Kellogg and Dr. H.

H. Behr 128

New Species of Californian Plants 12

Davidson, George. A Brilliant Meteor 51

Annular Solar Eclipse, Oct. 31, 1883 49

Black Transits of Jupiter's Satellites III and IV 339

Intra-Mercurial Planets 51

Note on the Appearance of Saturn 48

Observations of the " Pons-Brooks " Comet 349

Occupations of the Stars by the Moon 352

Phenomena of the Satellites of Jupiter 350

" Sporadic " Meteors recorded during 1882 348

The Dark Transit of Jupiter's Satellite IV 342

The Planets Mars, Jupiter and Saturn 55

The Pons-1812 Comet 54

The Temperature of the Water of the Golden Gate 354

Transit of Jupiter's IV Satellite, June 7, 1885 345

Ellis, J. B. and H. W. Harkness. New Californian Fungi 26

Emmons, Arthur B. Notes on Mount Pitt 229

Evans, J. T. Colemanite 57

The Chemical Properties and Relations of Colemanite 37*

Gray, Asa. New Genus and Species Anacardiacearum 4

IV TABLE OF CONTENTS.

Greene, Edward Lee. A New Genus of Ranunculacese 337

New Plants of the Pacific Coast , 7

Some New Species of the Gemis Astragalus.. 155

Studies iu the Botany of California, etc. 1 66

Studies in the Botany of California, etc. II 179

1. Three New Genera 179

2. Miscellaneous Species, mostly New 182

3. Notes on Guadelupe Island 214

4. A Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Ferns of
Guadelupe Island 2.-0

Studies in the Botany of California, etc. III.. 276

1. A Revision <>i Myosurus 276

2. The Genus Blepharizonia 279

3. Four New Species 280

Harkness, H. W. Fungi of the Pacific Coast 159, 256

New Califoiniau Fungi 29

Notes on Nomenclature 176

Jackson, A. Wendell. On the Morphology of Holemanite 3 s

Mineralogical Contributions 358

Kellogg, A. New Species of Cedros Island Plants 6

Phillips, William and H. W. Harkness. Fungi of California 21

Plowright, C. B. and H. W. Harkness. New Species of California

Fungi 26

Smith, Rosa. New Species of Squalius 3

)1

BULLETIN

OF THE

*

CALIFORNIA

n

p

^ -L

J

ENCES.

No. 1.

February, 1884,

CONTENTS.

3

Zoology.

PACE.

New Species of Sqnalius. Miss Rosa Smith 3

Botanic Section

New Genus and Species Anacardiacearum. Asa Gray

A New Aueinone. H. H. Behr. M. D , and A. Kellogg, M. D.

New Species of Cedros Island Plants. A. Kellogg. M. D

New Plants of the Pacific Coast. Edward Lee Greene

New Species of Califoruian Plants. Mary K Curran

Microscopic Section.
Fungi of the Pacific Coast. M. C Cooke, M A. and H. W. Harkness M D.
Fungi of California William Phillips, F. L S. and H. W. Harkness, M. D.
New Species of Californian Fungi. C. B. Plowright and H. \V. Harkness,

M D

4
5
6
7

12

13
21

26

New Californian Fungi
New Californian Fungi

J. B. Ellis and H. W. Harkness, M.J) 26

H. W. Harkness, M. D 29

Astronomy.

Note on the Appearance of Saturn. Prof. George Davidson : . 48

Annular Solar Eclipse. Oct. 31, 1883. Prof. George Davidson 49

A Brilliant Meteor. Prof. George Davidson 51

Intra-Mercurial Planjs. Prof. George Davidson 51

The Pons— 1812, Comet. Prof. George Davidson 54

The Planets Mars, Jupiter and Saturn. Prof. George Davidson 55

Mineralogy.

Colemauite. J. T. Evans 57

For Sale by Payot, Upham & Co., San Francisco.

George Bpaulding & Co., Printers, 414 Clay Street.

BULLETIN

OF THE

CALIFORNIA

°1
J.

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I

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No. 1.

i

SAX FRANCISCO, cal.:
George SPAtrWHNG & Co., Printers, 414 Clay Street

THE TYPES OF ALL THE SPECIES DESCRIBED
HEREIN ARE DEPOSITED IN THE MUSEUM
OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

BULLETIN.

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF SQUALIUS.

BY ROSA SMITH.

Squalius lemmoni.

Head, 3| (4£); depth, 3| (4f); length, 5| inches; D, 8;
A, 8.

Body not much compressed, but rather slender; the dor-
sal and ventral outlines about equally arched. Head sub-
conical, little compressed, nearly as wide as deep, and flat
on top; maxillary oblique, reaching front of eye, lower jaw
barely included; diameter of eye not quite equal to snout,
1|- in interorbital space, 4 J in head. Teeth, 2, 5 — 4, 2, with
evident grinding surface on three in the greater row. Pseu-
dobranchise present. Isthmus narrow.

Scales, 68. Lateral line decurved, but not strongly.
Scales largest on sides anteriorly; much smaller on dorsal
and ventral surfaces. Scales not very firm, a few rubbed off
from each of the four examples studied. Insertion of dor-
sal fin very slightly behind ventrals, nearer snout than base
of caudal. Pectorals, If in head; ventrals 2 in head, very
nearly reaching vent. Depth of caudal peduncle 2 in its
length.

Color generally smutty. Top of head, from tip of snout
to occiput, evenly bluish black, sharply separating the head
from the trunk; a median blackish streak from occiput to
base of caudal, paler behind dorsal. A leaden band about
as wide as eye from upper angle of opercle to base of caudal,
running higher than the lateral line except at its posterior
fourth, where it is upon the lateral line. Sides of head and
body dusky from numerous dark punctulations. Below plain
white from chin to insertion of anal. Fins all dusky. Peri-
toneum blackish.

4 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Described from four specimens (the largest 5h inches long)
collected in Arizona by Mr. J. G. Lemmon, for whom the
species is named. These specimens have been donated by
the collector to the California Academy of Sciences.

Mr. Lemmon states that he found these fishes in Rillitto
Creek, a small stream of the Santa Catalina Mountains, seven
miles north of Tucson, Arizona, and that the largest ones
caught were about ten inches in length.

Academy of Sciences, Sail Francisco, Cal., December 1, 1883.

BOTANIC SECTION.

VEATCHIA nov. Gen. Anacardiacearum.

BY ASA GEAY.

Mores dioci; tf ignoti: 9 — Sepala 5, brevia, deltoideo-
ovata; nestivatione subCvalvata, immutata. Petala 5, ovato-
oblonga, a^stivatione imbrieata ; costa extus prominente
carinata, evenia, scarioso-accrescentia, persistentia. Sta-
mina sterilia 10, minuta, sed antherifera, sinukis disci
pateiaeformis 10-crenulati inserta. Ovarium ovatum, sub-
obliquum: styli 3, subulati: stigmata capitata. Ovulum
fimiculo elongato supra-basilari adseendente pendulum.
Fructus immaturus utriculatus (corollam marcescentem
haud superans), compressus, apice hinc exciso obliquus,
pericarpio prorsus membranaceo haud alato. Frutex
pinnatifolius; floribus parvis paniculatis rubellis vel
(ut dicitur) laete rubris.

Veatchia Cedrosensis.

Foliis canescenti-puberulis ; f oliolis 3 — 5-jugis cum impari
ovatis ovalibusque parvis (lin. 1 — 3-longis) integerrimis,
vel obsolete paucidentatis, terminali quandoque trilobo;

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 5

pedicellis et ovario villosulis; petalis calyce plus duplo
longioribus demum ^-pollicaribus. — Rhus Veatchiana—^K.e\-
logg, in Proc. Cal. Acad. ii. 24. Cedros Island, Lower
California. Dr. J. A. Veatcli.

In his recent monograph, Prof. Engler suggests that this
plant, judging from the figure, may be a Bursera. But no
figure is given or referred to in our copy of the Proceedings
of the California Academy, in which Dr. Kellogg, although
describing it as a Rhus, thought it was closely allied to
SapindacecB. An original specimen, kindly communicated
by the California Academy, enables me to bring to view its
real characters, and to found on it a new genus; the fruit of
which (though quite immature) cannot be either drupa-
ceous or samaroid, but is obviously utricular.

We may dedicate this genus to the memory of its dis-
coverer, the first and perhaps still the only botanical ex-
plorer of Cedros Island. The genus Veitchia among the
Palms need not stand in the way of this merited honor, for
the two names, when Latinized, will differ in pronunciation
as well as in orthography.

BY H. H. BEHIt — A. KELLOGG.

Anemone Grayi, sp. nov,

Kadice sarmentacea; foliis radicalibus ambitu reniformi
tritidis, segmentis serratis; involucralibus ternatis, petiolo
laminam folii superante, trifoliolatis, foliolo terminal i trilo-
bo, lateralibus sub-bilobis; omnibus grosse serratis ; flore sol-
itario, sepalis sub-senis, ovatis, utrinque glabris; achenia
plurima, in capitulum globuliforme dense spissum collecta.

Qj.. Floret vere primo petalis ex-albo purpurascentibus in
monte Tamalpais, prope Lagunitas.

Differt ab A. nemorosa et forma foliorum radicalium, et
petiolo foliorum involucralium semper longiori quam in A.
nemorosa, in qua dimidium folii involucralis nunquam sup-

6 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

erat; nee non numero acheniorum semper majori, quani iu A.
nemorosa .

Plantain gracilem amoenam in honorem viri illustrissimi
Asa Gray, seque de Flora Californica ac de omni re herbaria
bene meriti, nominaverinius.

NEW SPECIES OF CEDROS ISLAND PLANTS.

A. KELLOGG, M. D. COLLECTED BY D. J. A. VEATCH.
[Read before California Academy of Sciences June 4, 1877.]

Astragalus insularis.

Stem much branched from the crown of the caudex,
branches ascending canescent with white appressed hairs on
all parts except the calyx, on which they are blackish. Stem
and branches striate, and by the decurrent petioles some-
what angled.

Leaflets 7 to 9 pairs, distant on long petioles slightly
grooved, odd leaflet oblanceolate, stipules free, foliaceous
triangular subulate-acuminate; leaflets lanceolate, mucro-
nate-acute white appressed hairs above and beneath, petio-
lulate on short translucent points or articulations.

Flowers violet, blue, in sub-capitate racemes; racemes
about as long as the leaves when in mature fruit.

Calyx teeth subulate, hirsute with blackish appressed
hairs.

Legumes membranaceous, inflated, ovoid, keeled, apex
ascending, stoutly acuminate or divergent-acute, about six-
seeded, clustered at the pedicillate or stipitate point of the
suture, short-hirsute with white appressed hairs, pods small
(l to J an inch in length) on short stipes, at length some-
what reflexed.

Phacelia ixodes.

Perennial suberect, 1 — 2 feet high, hispid with shining
spreading, often scabrous, rarely barbed or hooked hairs,

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 7

intermixed with dense soft villi throughout, shorter hairs
more or less viscid-glandular, chiefly above; appressed erect
branching near the summit; leaves short petioled, 1 — 2 inches
long or about J the rachis, compound pinnate-pinnatified by
3 — 4 pairs below, and confluent bipinnatified by 3 — 9 lobes
above, the lobes nerveless, obtuse, and unequally toothed;
general outline broadly lanceolate, 4 — 6 inches long, 2 — 2J
wide, diminishing above, but never entire, nor lobes parallel
or straight-veined; compound spikes densely thyrsoid-clust-
ered, inflorescence unilaterally cymose and scorpoid, at
length elongating into straightish secund spikelets, pedicels
short, about 1 line long; calyx lobes spatulate, becoming
about 6 lines long, hispid and hispid-ciliate glandular ;
corolla blueish to whitish, broadly bell-shaped or about 4
lines long, and somewhat broader, exceeding the calyx,
border of 5 rounded lobes, appendages manifest between
filaments enclosing their base, stamens and style exserted,
filaments naked, attached to the base of the corolla, style,
united to the middle, base hirsute; capsule oblong oval, 4
lines in length, 1 — 1J lines broad, shorter than the calyx
lobes, acute, hairy at the summit, many seeded — about 20;
seeds equilaterally trianguloid, a little oblique at the free
end, conspicuously or deeply pitted in longitudinal lines, %
a line long.

NEW PLANTS OF THE PACIFIC COAST.

BY EDWARD LEE GREENE.

Sidalcea tenella.

Annual, very slender, nearly glabrous, a foot or two high-
and much branched; lower leaves not seen, those of the
branches digitately 5 — 7 parted, the segments linear, entire;
flowers pale rose-color, small, in loose, slender racemes;
calyx 3 lines long, the lobes lanceolate, acuminate; carpels
not hairy, alveolate-reticulate.

8 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Collected iu the gravelly bed of Little Cliico Creek,
Butte County, Gal,, 1883, by Mrs. R. M. Austin. A pecu-
liar species, the carpels rather alveolate roughened than
reticulate.

Astragalus Rusbyi.

Minutely and very sparingly puberulent; stems slender
and mostly simple, 2 feet high; stipules small and subulate;
leaflets, 17 — 27, oblong, 5 — J inch long; racemes virgate, long-
peduncled, pedicels soon pendulous; calyx-teeth subulate,
nearly as long as the tube; corolla yellowish, -I inch long;
pod 2-celled, obcompressed, straight, linear-oblong, an inch
long, narrowed to a stipe slightly exceeding the calyx. On
Mt. Humphreys, in the northern part of Arizona, collected
July 2, 1883, by Mr. H. H. Kusby.

The plant has the aspect of A. Jilipes, Dougl., but belongs to
a different section of the genus, having its pods 2-celled and
not compressed, but rather obcompressed.

Brickellia multiflora, Kellogg in herb.

Near B. Californica, but glabrous and glutinous; leaves
ovate-lanceolate, 2 inches long, entire, strongly 3-nerved ;
heads small, ^ inch long, 3 — 5 flowered, very numerous and
closely condensed on the branches of the ample panicle.
Remarkable for the small, few-flowered and exceedingly nu-
merous heads.

The species was collected in King's River Canon by Dr.
Kellogg in 1866, and was named as above by him, but
does not appear to have been published. A near relative
of the common B. Californica, it is still a very distinct
species.

Laphamia peninsularis.

Yiscid pubescent; leaves broadly ovate, often slightly cor-
date, irregularly and doubly incised, 7 — 10 lines long, on
petioles of an inch or more in length; heads solitary or in
threes, on peduncles an inch long; involucres hemispherical,
about 40-flowered, rays apparently white ; akenes glabrous,
linear, sharply quadrangular; pappus wanting.

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 9

The specimens show only the upper parts of the stem,
with leaves and flowers. They are from Scammon's Lagoon,
on the peninsula of Lower California, and thus the range of
the genus is extended still farther westward. The name of
the collector is unknown-

Wyethia reticulata.

Near W. ovata, green and shining, scabrous but not pubes-
cent; stems 2 feet high, mostly simple, rigid but slender,
leafy to the summit: leaves broadly ovate, often somewhat
cordate, acute, 3 — 5 inches long, on petioles an inch in length,
scabrous above, strongly veined and reticulated beneath, in
texture coriaceous: heads small, terminating the stem and
its few corymbose branches : involucral scales broadly lan-
ceolate, more or less spreading: akenes 3 lines long, glab-
rous, and bearing for a pappus a very short, lacerate-toothed
crown, without awns.

Collected on Sweetwater Creek, in El Dorado Counta\
Cal., July, 1883, by our most zealous and successful Mrs.
Kate Layne Curran.

Mimulus barbatus.

Annual, glandular puberulent, an inch high and much
branched : leaves oblong : pedicels, 4 — 8 lines long, exceeding
the leaves: calyx-teeth broadly triangular-ovate, mucronate-
tipped, nearly or quite equal and spreading : corolla yellow,
the very slender tube nearly twice as long as the calyx, the
limb ample, the lower lip strongly and conspicuously beard-
ed, the upper less so.

A very dwarf species, probably of the Eunanus section,
though the flowers are conspicuously pedicellate. The
densely bearded corolla is a marked peculiarity. There is but
a single specimen known, and that exists in the herbarium
without date or locality or name of collector.

Mimulus mephiticus.

Near M. nanus, but only an inch or two high and very
slender; lowest leaves ovate, the upper from oblong to
lanceolate; teeth of the calyx triangular-lanceolate; corolla

10 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

yellow, the tube very narrow and much exceeding the calyx,
the limb ample and broad.

Collected on Cloud's Rest, Yosemite, June, 1883, by that
jealous guardian of Yosemite, Mr. J. M. Hutchings; also,
perhaps, by others who may have referred it to 31. nanus,
from which it differs in the shape of the calyx-teeth, the
form and color of the corolla, and the very offensive, skunky
odor which is exhaled by the glandular herbage.

Mimulus moniliformis.

Near 31. moschatus, wholly scentless, villous but scarcely
viscid, 3 — 8 inches high from a perennial root, with subterra-
nean shoots bearing moniliform strings of small tubers:
leaves oblong-ovate, an inch long, on short petioles: calyx-
teeth short and nearly equal : corolla an inch long, the tube
with a pair of conspicuous folds beneath on the outside; the
limb only slightly irregular, yellow, often with a copper-col-
ored center: seeds broadly ovate, reddish without obvious
markings.

Common in the higher Sierras, often collected and here-
tofore referred to 31. moschatus, from which it is very dis-
tinct. It grows among rocks on dry ground; not in wet
places.

Polemonium pectinatum.

Inflorescene rather densely viscid-pubescent, the stem and
leaves glabrous; stems clustered, a foot or more high, slen-
der, leaf}^ to the summit; leaflets linear, filiform, an inch
long, in about five pairs; flowers corymbose-cymose; calyx
cleft beyond the middle, corolla a half inch broad, white or
cream-colored, seeds wingless. Collected in the eastern
part of Washington Territory, in June, 1882, by Prof. E. W.
Hilgard.

A species related to P. foliosissimum, Gray, of the Col-
orado Mountains, or still nearer P.flavum, Greene of New
Mexico.

Gilia hetorodoxa.

Near G. viscidula, but slender and more branching, and

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 11

extremely viscid : cauline leaves thin, acerose-pinuatifid; the
the floral ones, broadly ovate, not much cleft, hardly spin-
escent; tube of corolla, very slender and not exceeding the
calyx-lobes, the limb broad : stamens exserted and strongly
declined; seeds small, 4-5 in each cell.

Hills west of Calistoga, Napa County, collected by the
writer in June, 1881, and again in August, 1883.

Intermediate between G. jilicaidis and G. viseidula, the
species, is, nevertheless, an uncommonly well marked one>
being much more viscid than either of its near relatives,
having a shorter tube and broader limb to its corolla, and
23roducing from four to five or more seeds in each cell,
whereas neither of the others aboved named has more than
two, usually only one. Its stamens are as strongly declined as
in any Polemonium, in which respect it is a most peculiar
member of the Navarretia section of the genus.

Eriogonum arborescens.

Shrubby and stout, several feet high, with a stem 3 — 4

inches thick; leaves crowded at the ends of the numerous
branchlets, coriaceous, linear-oblong, an inch or more long,
strongly revolute, white tomentose beneath, glabrate above :
peduncles stout and rigid, naked, six inches long, bearing
an ample compound cyme: flowers small, rose-colored, the
lower outside portion densely white-villous.

Probably the largest species of the genus; very strongly
marked, but little known. The specimens were brought
from Santa Cruz Island by Messrs. Kellogg and Harford in
1874.

Spargaimim Californicum.

Erect, rather slender, 3 — 9 feet high, with branching in-
florescence; leaves flat and thin; heads 4 — 10: fruit sessile,
wedge-shaped, many angled, 3 — 4 lines long, with a broad,
nearly hemispherical summit, tipped with the short style.

First observed by Dr. C. C. Parry and the writer, in
June, 1881, in a swampy place in the western portion of the
village of Calistoga; occurring also in the tules near Sacra-

12 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

meiito, and at West Oakland formerly, on ground now occu-
pied by the Judson Iron Works.

It is, perhaps, too near S. eurycarpum, Engelm. of the At-
lantic Coast, but is twice as large, its herbage of softer tex-
ture, its branches less angular, and its fruits have a rounded
(not depressed or flattened) summit.

NEW SPECIES OF CALIFORNIAN PLANTS.

BY MARY K. CURRAN.

Boisduvalia cleistogama.

Puberulent, or sometimes nearly glabrous, simple or
branching from the base, 4 — 9 inches high : leaves linear to
linear-lanceolate, slightly narrowed at the base, 1 — 2 inches
long, sparingly serrate : flowers rather loosely spicate, 1 — 2.
lines long : rose color, the earlier ones fertilized in the bud
and never expanding: capsule coriaceous, 4-angled, curving*
outward from the stem; partitions adherent to the valves:
seeds numerous in two rows, minute.

Collected by the writer — the smooth form near Mt. Diablo
in May, the pubescent one near Elmira, in the strip of wild
land bordei'ing the railway, in August, 1883.

Gilia (Dactylophyllum) Harknessii.

Erect diffuse, 3 — 10 inches high, nearly glabrous : leaves
divided to the base into filiform segments, 3 — 10 lines long:
flowers paniculate; pedicels filiform, 6 — 12 lines long; calyx
minutely pubescent; corolla white, 1 — 2 lines long, tube
equaling the lobes: capsule oval, exceeding the calyx; ovules
solitary: seeds turgid, oblong, smooth, a line long, one in
each cell.

Collected by Dr. Harkness, at the summit of the Sierra
Nevada, August, 1883. Differs from all other species of the
section by its solitary ovules.

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 13

Acanthomintha lanceolata.

Annual, branching from the base, about a foot high, pu-
bescent, and the leaves and bracts ciliate: leaves lanceolate,
few-toothed, an inch long; petiole slender, shorter than the
lamina: axils nearly all floriferous: bracts two in each axil:
oblong oval, coriaceous, with callous margin, the midrib,
and usually three pairs of lateral ribs terminating i n strong
prickles; each pair of bracts subtending 10 — 15 sessile flow-
ers: calyx exceeding the bracts; corolla rose color, about an
inch long, tube exceeding the calyx, bilabiate ; upper lip pu-
bescent externally, two-lobed, the lobes oblong; lower lip
broader, three-lobed ; middle lobe oblong, longer than the
outer triangular ones, all entire.

Collected (a single specimen) by Mr. E. Brooks, in Cala-
veras Valley, Alameda County, June, 1878.

MICROSCOPIC SECTION.

FUNGI OF THE PACIFIC COAST.

BY M. C. COOKE, M. A., AND H. W. HAEKXESS. M. D.

Since the publication of the Catalogue of Fungi, under
the auspices of the Academy, three years ago, the ninety-
one following new species have been described and published
in Grevillea, a London journal devoted to cryptogamic bot-
any, and only the name, habitat and locality given here as
a record of California species:

1- Corticium pactolinum.

On naked wood of Quercus, Healdsburg, May. 1521.

2- Macroplodia asterina.

On leaves of Madrono (Arbutus Menziesii), Corte Madera,
April. 1317.

14 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

3. Macroplodia ovalis.

On Locust twigs, Woodland, May. . 1589.

4. Chaetophoma atriella.

On bark of Acer microphyllum, Healdsburg, May. 1549.

5. Phoma capsularum.

On legumes of Eobinia, San Kafael, April. 1448.

6. Phoma eucalypti.

On inner bark of Eucalyptus globulus, San Rafael, April,

1476.

7. Phoma Hosackiae.

On stems of Hosackia glabra, San Francisco April. 1424.

8. Phoma librincola.

On liber of Acacia, San Rafael, April. 1444.

9. Phoma pini.

On bark of Conifer*, Healdsburg, May. 1548.

10. Phoma xylostei.

On twigs of Lonicera hispidula, Healdsburg, May. 1551.

11. Septoria helianthicola.

On stems of Helianthus, Kearney Junction, May. 1600.

12. Phyllosticta Garryee.

On living leaves of Garrya elliptica, Sausalito, April, 1294.

13. Phyllosticta heteromeles.

On living leaves of Heteromeles arbutifolia, Sausalito,
April. , 1296.

14. Phyllosticta innumera.

On living leaves of Fraxinus Oregana, Tamalpais, Sep-
tember. 1184.

15. Vermicularia sub-glabra.

On stems of Helianthus, Kearney Junction, May. 1599.

16. Hypocenia herbarum.

On stems of Aster, Tamalpais, April. 1373.

17. Asteroma dianthi.

On leaves and stems of Diantlius, San Rafael, April. 1451.

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 15

18. Ceuthospora brevispora.

On leaves of Heteromeles arbutifolia, Sausalito, April.

1296.

19. Cryptosporium ceutbosporoides.

On dead leaves of Eucalyptus, San Francisco, January.

2005.

20. Cryptosporium eucalypti.

On twigs of Eucalyptus globulus, San F.iancisco, April.

1286.

21. Cryptosporium falcatum.

On leaves of Arctostaphylos, pungens Tamalpais, April.

1170.

22. Cryptosporium punctiforme.

On leaves of Arbutus Menziesii, Corte Madera, April.

1317.

23. Discella olivacea.

On stems of nettle, San Francisco, April. 1325.

24. Discella tenuispora:

On Juncus, San Francisco, April. 1301.

25. Sphaeropsis amenti.

On catkins of Alnus, Tamalpais, April. 1375.

26. Sphseropsis maeulseforme.

On leaves of Arbutus Menziesii, Corte Madera, April.

1318.

27. Glaeosporium leguminis.

On legumes of Robinia, Sacramento, March. 1203.

28. Spbseronema eucalypti.

On bark of Eucalyptus, San Francisco, February. 2145.

29. Melanconium globosum.

On twigs of Eucalyptus, San Francisco, January. 2011.

HARKNESSIA GEN. NOV. COOKE.

30. Harknessia eucalypti.

On leaves and twigs of Eucalyptus globulus. San Francis-
co, November — May. 1280.

16 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

31. Diplodia cyparissa.

On Cupressus niacrocarpus, San Francisco, April. 1269.

32. Diplodia eucalypti.

On bark of Eucalyptus, Palo Alto, March. 2000.

33. Diplodia extensa.

On Acer macrophyllum, Healdsburg, May. 1192.

3i. Diplodia laurina.

On leaves of Umbellularia Californica, Martinez, April,

1302.

35. Diplodia lupini.

On stems of Lupinus arboreus, San Francisco, April. 1308.

36. Diplodia maculata.

On living leaves of Madrono, Tamalpais, January. 1316.

37. Diplodia microscopica.

On stems of Scroprmlaria, Californica, San Francisco,

1267.

3S. Diplodia periglandis.

On acorns, San Francisco, February- April. 1433.

39. Diplodia phyllodise.

On phyllodia of Acacia, San Francisco, April. 1251.

40. Diplodia rhuina.

On stems of Rhus diversiloba, San Francisco, July. 1328.

41. Diplodia sedicola.

On Sedum, Tamalpais, April. 1408.

42. Diplodia symphoricarpi.

On Symphoricarpns racemosus, Tamalpais, March. 1361.

43. Diplodia tenuis.

On decayed bark of Eucalvptus, San Francisco, February.

2195.
41. Hendersonia eucalypti.

On twigs of Eucalyptus, San Francisco, February". 2200.

45. Hendersonia corynoidea.

On branches of Eucalyptus, San Francisco, January. 2012.

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 17

46. Hendersonia galiorum.

On steins of Galium, Tamalpais, April. 1389.

47. Hendersonia lupini.

On Lupiims Chamissonis, San Francisco. 1431.

48. Dichomera compositarum.

On stems of Achillea and Artemisia, San Francisco,
April. 1238.

49. Dichomera phaceliae.

On stems of Pliacelia, San Francisco, April. 1427.

50. Dichomera rhuina.

On stems of Rhus diversiloba, San Francisco, April.

1327.

51. Dichomera viticola.

On Vitis Californica, Healdsburg, April. 1489.

52. Torula glutinosa.

On living leaves of Eriodictvon glutinosum (Yerba Santa)
Coast Range, Autumn. 1442.

53. Coleosporium baccharidis.

On branches of Baccharis pilularis, Martinez, November,
April. 1257.

51. Fusidium albo-carneum.

On dead leaves of Eucalyptus, San Francisco, January.

2027.

55. Fusarium eucalyptorum.

On bark of Eucalyptus, San Francisco, January. 1021.

56. Fusarium gallinaceum.

On chicken feathers, Sausalito, April. 1292.

57. Fusarium mesentericum.

On bark of Eucalyptus, San Francisco, January. 2020.
2

18 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

58. Volutella coronata,

On twigs of Eucalyptus. San Rafael, January. 1984.

59. Tubercularia eucalypti,

On dead leaves of Eucalyptus, San Francisco, January.

2040.

60. Macrosporium culmorum.

On culms of maize, Sacramento, March. 1200.

61. Septosporium scyphophorum.

On bark of Eucalyptus, San Francisco, January. 2019.

62. Menispora hyalina.

On dead wood of Eucalyptus, San Francisco, February.

2159.

63. Monilia virido-flava.

On dead leaves and twigs of Eucalyptus, San Francisco,
February. 2163.

61. Polyactis fusca.

On twigs of Eucalyptus, San Francisco, January. 2028.

65. Trichaegum opacum.

On wood of Acer macropliyllum, Healdsburg, May. 1556.

66. Lsotia ochro-leuca.

On damp ground, San Rafael, March, 1371.

67. Peziza (Mollisia) carneo-rosea.

On twigs of Eucalyptus, San Francisco, February. 2164.

68. Dermatea eucalypti.

On Eucalyptus bark, San Francisco, February. 2148.

69. Ascomyces falgens.

On living leaves of Arctostaphylos pungens, Healdsburg,
May. 1513.

70. Diatrype eucalypti.

On branches of Eucalyptus globulus, San Francisco, April.

1419.

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 19

71. Diatrype prominens.

On branches of Mimulus glutinosus and Arbutus Menziesii,
Healdsburg, April. 1321.

72. Valsa eucalypti.

On twigs of Eucalyptus globulus, San Francisco, April.

1287.

73. Disporthe iEsculi.

On iEsculus Calif ornica,. San Eafael, April. 1463.

74. Disporthe phaceliae.

On stems of Phacelia Douglasii, San Francisco, April.

1347.

75. Gibbera ficini.

On bark of Ficus, San Eafael, April. 1472.

7G. Dothidea corylina.

On twigs of Coiylus rostrata, San Eafael, April. 1381.

77. Dothidea rugo-disca.

On leaves of Madrono (Arbutus Menziesii), Healdsburg,
April. 1528.

78. Dothidea sequoiae.

On foliage of Libocedrus decurrens, Alta, November.

1182.

79. Sphaeria acuum.

On leaves of Pinus insignis, San Francisco, April. 1349.

SO. Sphaeria anisometra.

On dead twigs of Mimulus glutinosus Cupressus macro-
carpus, Eucalyptus globulus, Acer macrophyllum, Eubus
ursinus, Cornus pubescens, Dracaena, and on legumes of
Eobinia. 1445.

81. Sphaeria epipteridis.

On stems of Pteris aquilina, Sausalito, April. 1288.

20 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

82. Sphaeria (Pleospora) labiatarum.

On stems of Marrubiuni vulgare, Healdsburg, April. 1480.

83. Sphaeria (Pleospora) vitrispora.

On Lonicera hispidula, Sausalito, February, 1311.

84. Sphgerella acaciae.

On leaves of Acacia, San Francisco, April. 1115

85. Sphgerella aralise.

On stems of Aralia Californica, Sausalito, April. 1216.

86. Sphaerella dendromeconis.

On stems of Dendromicon rigidum, Tamalpais, April.

1386.

87. Splraerella dryophila.

On leaves of Quercus agrifolia, San Rafael, April. 1471.

88. Sphaerella Harknessii (Cooke) Sacc.

On stems of Convolvulus, Tamalpais, April. 1386.

89. Sphaerella Hosackise.

On stems of Hosackia glabra, Tamalpais, April. 1395.

90. Asterina anomala.

On living leaves of Umbellularia, Californica, San Rafael,
April. 1461.

91. Polyporus leucospongia.

On logs of Pinus Contorta. 1012.

The two following species, by J. B. Ellis and H. W. Hark-
ness, have been published in Bulletin of the Torrey Club,
VIII, 5.

1. Mytilidion Californicum.

On Sequoia gigantea, Mariposa Big Tree Grove.

2. Sphaeria consociata.
Same habitat and locality.

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 21

FUNGI OF CALIFORNIA.

BY WILLIAM PHILLIPS, F. L. 8., AND H. W. HARKNESS, M. D.

The following species of fungi, mainly belonging to the
Discomycetes, were collected in California during the year

1882.

Peziza (Dasyscypha) tautilla.

Scattered, stipitate, minute, white, cup-shaped, clothed
to the base with slender hyaline hairs; asci broadly clavate,
sporidia eight, ovate, .001 X -001 mm.; paraphyses slender,
filiform.

Growing on the foment am on the under side of living
leaves of Garrya elliptica. 3167.

This resembles in size and habit Peziza epitephra B. & Br.,
but is more decidedly hairy, and devoid of the granules ob-
served on the cup of that species.

Peziza (Dasyscypha) labrosa.

Scattered, sessile, olive-brown, clothed with short brown
septate hairs, margin involute; hymenium pale yellow; asci
cylindraceo-clavate; sporidia eight, ovate, .01 — .014 X .003 —
.006 mm.; paraphyses linear, stout, septate.

On both sides of dead leaves of Aretostaphylos pungens.

3226.

Cups 1 mm. diameter, when dry nearly black and much
compressed. Somewhat like P. Godroniana.

Peziza (Hymenoscypha) sphaerophoroides.

Very minute, scattered, stipitate, subturbinate, glabrous,
horny, fuliginous; disc at first plane, then slightly depressed,
immarginate; asci broadly clavate; sporidia eight, cymbi-
forni, with a large central nucleus, .011 — .019 X -006 mm.;
paraphyses 0.

On the under side of dead leaves of Sequoia sempervirens.

3170.

It resembles outwardly a Sphcenophoron.

22 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Peziza (Hymenoscypha) eschscholtzise.

Scattered, shortly stipitate, cyathiform, cinereous, pruin-
ose; margin torn, disc same color; asci cylindrical, sporidia
fusiform, nucleus at each extremity, .01 X -002 mm., para-
physes not seen.

On dead stems of Eschscholtzia Califdrnica. 2615.

| to | mm. across.

Peziza (Mollisia) atrata, p. V ar. liliaceara.

Minute, scattered, erumpent, nearly black, shining; asci
cylindrical; sporidia eight, narrowly elliptical, obtuse; para-
plryses not seen.

On dead stems of Lilium pardolinum. 3155.

Peziza (Mollisia) subcornea.

Scattered or crowded, sessile, patellate, reddish horn-color;
margin thick, even; asci clavate; sporidia eight, biseriate,
oblongo-fusiform, spuriously uniseptate, .01 — . 012 X -003
mm.; paraphyses filiform, slender.

On dead branches of [Eucalyptus globulus. 2705.

Varies in size from i to 1 mm. across, and in the old in-
dividuals, there is a tendency to coalesce and become very
irregular in outline.

Peziza (Mollisia) nigritella.

Minute, scattered, sessile, spherical, then patelliform,

blackish, margin serrated; asci broad, clavate, sporidia

eight, ovate, constricted in the center, two nuclei; .015 X -006

mm.; paraphyses 0.

On dead stems of Galium borcale. 3185-

This has at first the semblance of a Sphceria.

*
Peziza (Mollisia) emergens.

Scattered, erumpent, when dry compressed, blackish-
brown; margin involute, striate; disc bluish-gray; paraphyses
clavate-cylindrical; sporidia eight, ovate, .007 — .009 x .003
— .00-1 mm.; paraphyses slender, thickened at the summits.

On the under side of dead leaves of Eucalyptus globulus,

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 23

raising the epidermis of the leaf. It has the habit of P.
•protusa, B. Cups .5 mm. across. 3186.

Calloria myriospora.

Minute, scattered, erumpent, convex, immarginate, pale
rose red; asci clavate; sporidia excessively minute, innumer-
able; paraplryses slender, abundant.

On dead stems of Psoralea macrostachya. 2779.

Calloria eucalypti.

Minute, scattered, patellate, reddish flesh-color; margin
paler, glabrous; asci cylindrical; sporidia ovate-elliptical,
.007 X .0035 mm.; paraplryses filiform with pyriform sum-
mits.

On decorticated wood of Eucalyptus globulus.

2872.

Belonidium fuscum.

Scattered, stem short, stout; cup sooty-brown, perpendic-
ularly striate; disc same color; asci broadly clavate, pointed
at the summit; sporidia eight, oblong or oblongo-fusiform,
straight or slightly curved, with one to three septa, .015 —
.02 >< 08-4— .006 mm.; paraplryses filiform, stoutish, branch-
ed.

On dead stems of Sanicula Jfenziesii. 3163.

Phillipsiella nigella.

Scattered, punctiform, grayish-black: disc same color;
asci clavate; sporidia eight, oblong, obtuse at the ends, con-
stricted in the center, uniseptate; .01 — .015 X ^003 — .005
mm.

On the under side of dead leaves of Quereus ag'rifolia.

3198.

Differs from Phillipsietla aim, Cooke, of which it may be
only a form, mainly in the sporidia. Cups .1 mm. in dia-
meter.

Phillipsiella purpurea.

Scattered, punctiform, black, purple within; asci broadly

24 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

clavate; sporidia fusiform, slightly curved, acuminate, 3-sep-
tate, .02 X .005 mm.; parapliyses branching repeatedly,
curved at the tips.

On the under side of leaves of Garrya ellipiica. 3145.

Helotium furfuraceum.

Scattered, minute, shortly stipitate or sessile, cyathiform,
alutaceous, furfuraceous; asci clavate; sporidia 8, oblongo-
elliptic, slightly curved, two nuclei, sometimes three; .015 X
.005 mm.; parapliyses 0.

On the under side of dead leaves of Quercus agrifolia.

3171.
Boudiera marginata.

Crowded, at first orbicular, then patelliform, with a ser-
rated margin, dull-ochraceous; asci broadly clavate, sporidia
8, spherical, becoming rufous, areolate .02 mm., parapliyses
linear, rather stout.

On rabbits' dung. 2985.

The cells of the receptacle are remarkable for their thick
walls, and the young sporidia for the same thing. This is
quite as striking a species as B. arelolata, C & Ph.

Patellaria nigro-cyanea.

Medium size, scattered, applanate, margined, blue within;
asci cylindraceo-clavate, sporidia 8, oblong, obtuse, curved,
one to three septa, parapliyses not seen.

On dead stems of Audibertia stachyoides. 3097.

Similar to Patellaria airo-vinosa B. & Br. in size and form
of sporidia, but differs in color and in the absence of
parapliyses.

Midotis plicata.

Cups oblique, externally granular, blackish-brown, hy-
menium same color, sub-plicate, asci cylindrical, spor-
idia 8, ovate-elliptical, slightly curved, binucleate, 005 — 007
X -007 mm., parapliyses 0.

On wood of Umbettidaria Calif ornica. 2743.

Resembles M. irregidaris ( Schwz ) but differs in the

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 25

smaller, binucleate, curved sporidia, arid the longitudinally
plicate hymenium.

Stictis lupini.

In groups or scattered, emergent orbicular, urceolate;
margin white, prominent, entire or laciniate; disc white; asci
cylindrical; sporidia clavate-cylindrical, numerously septate,
constricted at the septa, .05 X .0025— .004 mm., paraphyses
filiform .

On Lwpinus arboreus. No. 3164. Externally similar to
S. Olearis, Wall., in Khem's Asco., No. 22, but sporidia not so
long and constricted at the septa.

Triblidium turgidulum.

Scattered, sessile, oblong-elliptic, turgid, nearly smooth,
black; asci clavate; sporidia oblong-elliptic, uniseptate,
strongly constricted in the centre, 5 to 6 pseudo septa in
each half, reddish brown. .06— .09 X .013— .02 mm.

On dead stems of Pentstemon breviforns No. 3236.

The sporidia are nearly as large as those of Ostreichnion
Americanum, Duby, but it is a true Triblidium.

Hysterium prominens.

Scattered, prominent, oblong-elliptic, smooth, rarely
striate; asci broadly clavate; sporidia fusiform or oblong-
fusiform, curved or straight, uniseptate, constricted at the
septum, muriform, brown, .03 — .048 X -007 — .01 mm.

On steins of Salix lasiolepis. No. 2647.

Resembling H. pulicare, Pass., but sporidia altogether
unlike.

Ailographum reticulatum.

Ovate, adnate-superficial, scattered, lips thin; perithecia
reticulated; asci pyriform; sporidia 8, obovate, uniseptate,
hyaline, .014 X .004 mm. On underside of leaves of Quercus
agri folia. No. 3046.

26 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

NEW SPECIES OF CALIFORNIAN FUNGI.

BY C. B. FLOWR1GHT AND H. W. HARKNESS, M. D.

Nectria Galii.

Perithecia scattered, immersed, then erumpent, obtuse, pale
red; asci cylindrical very delicate, pi 60 X 5 — 8, sporidia
eight, uniseriate, pale straw-coloured, oblong -oval, with
bluntly-pointed ends. /< 10 X 5 on Galium trifolium.

Mr. Phillips figures the sporidia as being uniseptate. I was
unable to make out an} T septum, but the specimen examined
may have been less mature than Mr. Phillips'.

3070.
Nectria umbellulariae.

Perithecia, superficial, scattered. /< 200 — 230. Globose,
sub-hyaline, with a pale tinge of flesh color, beset with a few
hyaline mycelial threads externally; ostiola obtuse; asci cla-
vate, yu 50 X 10 — 15. Sporidia hyaline, ovate, uniseptate
M 10—12 X 5—8.

On Umbellularia Californica. 2882.

NEW CALIFORNIAN FUNGI.

BY J. B. ELLIS AND H. W. HARKNESS, M. D.

Puccinia congregata.

I. II. Hymenium and Stylospores. Unknown.

III. Teleutospores. Hypophyllous, but staining the upper
surface; sori densely clustered in the middle of a brown
spot, 4—6 mm. in diameter; spores oblong, slightly con-
stricted, with a distinct sub-hyaline°papilla at the apex, M 38

—45 X 13—15.

On living leaves of Heuchera micrantha, Berkeley, Cal.,

August. 274 °-

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 27

Nearly allied to P. tidrellca B. & C. and P. spreta. Differs
from P. (Uredo) heiulierce, Schw. in having spores J larger,
with a more distinctly pointed tip.

Puccinia digitata.

I. II. Hymenium and Stylospores. Unknown.

III. Telentospores. Hypophyllous; sori round 1 — I mm.,
solitary, dark brown, prominent, surrounded by the ruptured
epidermis, and marked by pale depressions on the upper
surface: spores remarkably persistent, clavate, lower cell
much the longer, pale; the upper red-brown; epispore thick-
ened upward and terminating in 1 — 7, digitate processes;
pedicel J as long as the spore, stout, persistent. /< 45 —
54 X 15—18.

On living leaves of Ehamnus crocea.

Tamalpais — all the year. 3257.

Differs from P. coranata in the much larger and more
prominent sori, in the darker upper cell, and relatively
shorter process of the epispore.

Puccinia melanconioides.

I. Hymenium. iEcidium amphigenous ; peridia scat-
tered on faded spots, or arranged in an interrupted circle
round the margin.

II. Stylospores. Unknown.

III. Teleutospores. Sori round, scattered quite evenly
over the surface, covered at first by the epidermis which
soon ruptures in a circumscissile manner, leaving a round
white peridium-like base about which the dark brown, broad-
ly elliptic, slightly constricted spores, breaking from their
short pedicels, accumulate, presenting much the appearance
of a Melanconium. /< 28—50 x 16 — 28.

On the upper surface of living leaves of Dodecatheon Mea-
dia. Antioch, Cal. April. 3101.

Allied to P. jarlmvIcB, but spores larger and darker.

Puccinia nodosa. .

I. II. Hymenium and Stylospores. Unknown.

28 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

III. Teleutospores. Sori linear 1 — 3 mm. long, solitary
or gregarious; spores from broadly-oblong to nearly orbic-
ular, constricted ; septum scarcely visible, stipe stout,
hyaline, as long as the spore, deciduous, pi 36 — 42 X 22 — 28.

On living leaves of Brodiaea capitata. Antioch. April.

3106.

Uromyces Brodieae.

I. Hymenium. iEcidium Brodieae. EH- & Hk. Amphige-
nous, on pale yellowish spots, 2 — 4 mm. in diameter ; on
which are crowded in clusters, 6 — 10 shallow cup-shaped
peridia with orange - yellow disk and narrow lacerated
border.

II. Stylospores. Uncertain.

III. Teleutospores. Spots obliterated; soriampbigenous,
scattered, oblong, about 1 mm. in diameter, sometimes sub-
confluent in elongated patches, dark umber-brown; spores
obovate; epispore scarcely thickened above; pedicel equal in
length to the spore, f-i 20—28 X 13—20.

On living leaves of Brodiaea laxa. Antioch, Cal. April.

3105.

Nearly allied to TJ. Zygadeni, Pk., but the spores are small-
er and more delicate. The peridia of the ascidiuin are more
distinctly clustered, and not mixed with teleutospores; both
seem to be distinct from TJ. Liliacearum, Schw.

Uromyces chorizanthis.

I. Hymenium. Unknown.

II. Stylospores. Globose, granular, pale brown.

III. Teleutospores. Sori elliptic, convex, dark brown, I — 1
mm., spores obovate; epispore strongly thickened above ;
pedicels hyaline, stout, three times as long as the spore.
Spore f.1 20—30 X 19—22.

On stems and leaves of Chorizanthe pungens. San Fran-
cisco, July. 2641.

Differs from TJ. Polygoni, Fckl. in its larger, darker and
more prominent sori.

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 29

Uromyces eriogoni.

I. Hymenium. iEcidium preceding or mixed with the
teleutospores, crowded in clusters of 5 — 20; peridia cylind-
rical with minutely fringed border; spores yellow, smooth,
irregular in shape with several large vacuoles.

II. Stylospores. Pale brown, globose rough.

III. Teleutospores. Sori oblong, arranged in concentric
ellipses; spores obovate. or oblong; epispore yellowish
brown, thickened above; pedicel 3 — 4 times as long as the
spores, fx 27—38 X 26. '

On stems of Eriogonum virgatum. Antioch, Cal., July.

3002.

Hymenula aciculosa.

Convex, gelatinous, livid, translucent, f — \\ mm., discoid
and nearly black when dry, with a dense marginal fringe of
straight erect brown fibres, enclosing the densely compacted
mass of erect, acicular, filiform, nucleolate, sub-hyaline,
/* 50 — 60 X 1, spores, with numerous minute sporules inter-
mingled.

On leaves of Pinus ponderosa. Sierra Nevada, Aug. 3537.

NEW SPECIES OF CALIF0RNIAN FUNGI.

BY H. W. HAEKNESS.

Octaviania rosea.

Gregarious, peridium fibrillo-rugose, irregularly lobecl,
1 — 3 cm., with distinct absorbing base, pale rose color,
deepening within; basidia 1 — 2, spored; sterigmata filiform,
capitate, as long as the diameter of the spore; spores glo-
bose, hyaline, pale; epispore covered with short, obtuse
spines. /* 14 — 17.

30 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Under shrubby oaks, at the Golden Gate Park, San Fran-
cisco, Jan. 2204.

Differs from 0. carnea, Corda, in color, and in the acute
spines upon the epispore of the latter — of which a form
found growing in this vicinity, reached 4 cm. in diameter.

Gautiera monticola.

Dark brown, irregularly lobed, 10 cm. in breadth, uni-
formly about 3 cm. in thickness, nearly plane above and be-
low; stipe short and slender; stroma ferruginous brown;
basidia apparently always 2-spored; sterigmata filiform;
spores pale brown, elliptic or obovate, apiculate, longitudi-
nally, or somewhat obliquely striate. /< 10 — 12 X 7 — 8.

Found (a solitary specimen) in vegetable humus, at the
root of the Grizzly Giant, in the Mariposa Big Tree Grove,
July, 1883. 3543.

With the odor of decaying onions.

Splanchnomyces Behrii.

Cinnamon-brown, irregularly lobed, lacunose, 1 — 4 cm. in
diameter; absorbing base inconspicuous; basidia 2-spored:
sterigmata short, filiform; spores very unequal in size, yel-
lowish-brown, oval or elliptic, apiculate by the remains of
the sterigmata, pitted all over with minute irregular depres-
sions, fx 10 — 15 x 10.

Growing in vegetable humus in Wildwood Glen above
the reservoir, Sausalito, Dec. 2911.

Named in recognition of the valuable assistance of the
frequent companion of our collecting excursions, Dr. H. H.
Behr.

Exobasidium arctostaphyli.

Receptaculum broadly effused, bright rosy-red, becoming
pruinose, thickening but only slightly distorting the affected
parts; spores hyaline, fusiform, straight, yu 10 — 12 X 4 — 5.

On young shoots and leaves of Arctostaphylos pungens.
Tamalpais, May, June. 3317.

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 31

Exobasidium decolorans.

Receptaculum effused, producing conspicuous yellowish-
white, orbicular spots, 1 — 2 cm. in diameter, not at all dis-
torting the leaf; spores appearing upon the under surface,
hyaline, straight, /.i 7 — 8 x 4 — 5.

On living leaves of Rhododendron occidentale. Tamalpais,
Autumn. 2887.

Septoria Hosackiae.

Perithecia minute, amphigenous, on yellowish-brown,
irregular spots; spores filiform, flexuous, hyaline, 3 — 7-sep-
tate. /< 64 x 4.

On living leaves of Hosaclda strigosa. Antioch, April.

3094.
Septoria lupini.

Epiphyllous; sparsely scattered over indeterminate }-el-
lowish spots, or the whole leaflet, minutely papillate; spores
linear, acute at each end, obscurely septate. /* 40 — 60 X
4—5.

On living leaves of Lupinus densiflorus. Tamalpais,
May. 3190.

Septoria Wyethiae.

Perthecia amphigenous, covering the greater part of the
leaf; spores linear, obscurely septate, or simple, j.i 56 X 6 — 8.

On living leaves of Wyethia mollis. Sierra Nevada, Aug.

3579.
Marsonia lonicerae.

Epiphyllous, sparsely scattered on irregular white spots,

bordered with brown; spores hyaline, clavate, often curved;
septum near the base. j.i 35 — 40 X 7 — 9.

On living leaves of Lonicera conjugialis. Summit of the
Sierra Nevada, Aug. 3576.

Marsonia neillise.

Epiphyllous, on small angular, brown spots, spores

32 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

hyaline, curved, septum near the centre, constricted.
fl 25—30 x 8.

On living leaves of Neillia opulifolia., Berkeley, May,

2804.

Glseosporium pteridis.

Hypophyllous; covering the whole surface, oozing out in
large tendrils; spores hyaline, obovate or elliptic, m 10 — 24
X 6-10.

Distorting the fronds of Pteris aquilina, Berkeley, May.

3267.
Glaeosporium quernum.

Amphigenous, oozing out in small heaps; spores hyaline,
elliptic or oblong, with .1 — 3 vacuoles, ji 12 — 18 X 4 — 6.

On leaves and young shoots of Quercus agrifolia, in Gold-
en Gate Park, in some seasons giving the oaks the appear-
ance of having been scorched by flame. 3260.

Cylindrosporium glycyrrhizae.

Hypophyllous, covering nearly the whole surface of the
affected leaflets, oozing out in tendrils ; spores cylindrical, at-
tenuate at each end with several vacuoles, n 40 — 70 X 4 — 5.

On living leaves of Glycvrrhiza lepidota. Sunol, Oct.

3417.
Septogleum fraxini.

Epiphyllous in small, whitish, angular spots, 2 — 5 lines in
diameter; spores hyaline, cylindrical, 2 — 5-septate. j-i 16
—24 x 4—5.

On living leaves of Fraxinus Oregana, Tamalpais, June.

3274.
Septogleum maculans.

Hypophyllous, oozing out in pale yellow tendrils opposite
dark brown orbicular spots, 1 — 1| cm. in diameter, on the up
per surface; spores hyaline, fusiform, strongly curved near
one end, endochrome 2 — 7-septate. j-i 30 — 50 X 6 — 9.

On living leaves of Salix lasiolepis. Tamalpais, June.

3256.

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 33

Septogleum Nuttallii.

Araphigenous, circinately arranged on pale spots, 2 — 5 mm.
in diameter, sparsely scattered over the leaf, oozing out in
flesh-colored tendrils; spores cylindrical, truncate, 1 — 5, usu-
ally 1-septate. // 36 — 45 X 4 — 5. #

On living leaves of Nuttallia cerasiformis. Tamalpais,
May. 3179.

Harknessia longipes.

Orifice orbicular, margin elevated, toothed, spores ellipi-
tic or oblong, often curved, apiculate, dark olive-green with
2 nuclei and a shining hyaline apex; pedicel persistent, hya-
line, slender, flexuous, 4 — 6 times as long as the spore.
ju 27 X 12.

On dead twigs and leaves of Eucalyptus odoratus. Pied-
mont, April. 3079.

Very remarkable for the great length of the pedicel.

Pestalozzia? anomala.

Pustules minute, irregular, often confluent, staining the
matrix; spores fusiform, curved, 3-septate, constricted, pale
brown, ultimate cells hyaline; sporophore thick, as long as
the spore, soon deciduous; set* 1 at each end longer than
the spore, irregularly 1 — 3-branched at different distances,
the one at the base oblique, appearing at the side of the
sporophore. // 15 — 18 X 5 — 6.

Nearly covering the stems of Eriogonum virgatum. Mt.
Diablo, July. 2690.

Does not agree very well with the characters of the genus.

Pestalozzia corynoidea.

Pustules flattened, black, oblong or oval, 1 mm. broad,
at length depressed and opening by irregular apertures;
spores fusiform, curved, 5-septate, greenish-black, ultimate
cells hyaline, very small, often nearly obsolete; apex furnish-
ed with 1 oblique seta, J as long as the spore. ^ 35 — 37 X 12.

On dead twigs of Umbellularia Californica. Tamalpais,
July. 2788.

3

34 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Differs from P. plagiochceta, Sacc. in the greater relative
breath of the spore, and much smaller size of the terminal
hyaline cells.

Pestalozzia Moorei. %

Pseudo-perithecia sub-cuticular, in orbicular pale spots,
oozing out and staining the matrix; spores fusiform, 3-sep-
tate , 2 middle cells clear brown , with oblong nuclei ; ultimate
cells lryaline and acutely conical; sporophore as long or twice
as long as the spore, usually breaking at the termination of
the conical lower cell; setoe 4, twice as long as the spore.
P 32 x 9.

On dead stems of Hosackia glabra. Antioch, July. 2700.

Named in recognition of the work of our esteemed co-la-
borer, Mr. J. P. Moore.

Puccinia anachoreta.

I. II. Hymenium and Stylospores. Unknown.

III. Teleutospores. Sori solitary, elliptic, 1 — 2 mm. in
length, seated on irregular pale spots ; spores short-oblong,
constricted, minutely papillate; pedicel hyaline, as long as
the spore, soon deciduous. ju28 — 42x20 — 24.

On living leaves of Calochortus nudus. Sentinel Dome,
Yosemite, 8,000 feet. July. 3532.

Puccinia giliae.

I. Hymenium. Unknown.

II. Stylospores. Globose, pale brown, smooth.

III. Teleutospores. Sori solitary, oval, or oblong, \ — 1
mm. ; spores oblong, slightly constricted, red-brown, upper
cell darker, apiculate by the thickened epispore; pedicels
hyaline 2 — 3 times as long as the spore, yu 54x21.

On leaves and subtending bracts of Gilia ciliata. Mt.
Diablo. May. . 2996.

Puccinia evadens.

Spermogones. Minute, oval, pale, preceding the hymenium.

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 35

I. Hyrnenium. Voleosporium baccharidis, Cke. & Hk.

II. Stylospores. Smooth, globose, yellow, mixed with

III. Teleutospores. Hypophyllous ; sori few, solitary,
i — 1 mm. pale brown; spores large, oblong, or obovate,
golden yellow, constricted at the septum, epispore smooth,
thickened at the apex, having the appearance of being drawn
in and so forming small folds; contents granular or oily,
with large vacuoles, easily discharged by pressure, leaving
the colorless epispore ; |pedicel hyaline , very stout, as long
or longer than the spore, jjl 55 — 60x15 — 20.

On living leaves of Baccharis pilularis. San Francisco.
November. 3384.

This Puccinia has been overlooked heretofore on account
of its minute size and pale color. It is without doubt the
final stage of Coleosporium baccharidis, being always found
together with it on the same plant — Coleosporiurn upon
the branches, and Puccinia upon the leaves.

Puccinia symphoricarpi.

I. Hymenium. iEcidium : preceding the teleutospores;
hypophyllous, in circular clusters of 8 — 20, on dark brown
or discolored spots; peridia as long as broad; spores orange.

II. Stylospores Unknown.

III. Teleutospores. Sori small, aggregated, covered by
the epidermis 1 — 3 mm. in diameter, on irregular brown
spots; spores oblong, constricted, brown above, paler below,
epispore smooth, thickened above, lengthened somewhat
obliquely into a finger-like process'; pedicel of the same color,
and lh times as long as the spore. /< 50 — 60 X 15—17.

On living leaves of Syrnphori carpus mollis. Tamalpais.
April— June. 3330.

Puccinia variolans.

I. II. Hymenium and Stylospores. Unknown.

III. Teleutospores. Sori solitary, oval, dark brown, 1
mm. in length; spores brown, oblong or slightly clavate,
constricted; epispore smooth, thickened above, pedicels
hyaline, 1 — 2 times as long as the spore, m 40 — 70 X 18 — 24.

36 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

On leaves and twigs of Tetradymia canescens. Mt. David-
son, Nev., 7,000 ft., Aug. 2073.

Very conspicuous from the contrast of the dark brown
sori, with the gray plant over which it is thickly scattered.

Uromyces Nevadensis.

I. II. Hymenium and Stylospores. Unknown.

III. Teleutospores. Sori minute, aggregated in spots 1 — 4
mm. in diameter, covered for some time by the raised silvery
cuticle, pulverulent; spores dark brown, oblong or obovate,
smooth; pedicels hyaline, as long or longer than the spores,
deciduous, n 36—42 X 12—14.

On living leaves of Primula suffrutescens. Near Lake
Tahoe, 6,000 ft., Aug. 3582.

Uromyces Spragueae.

I. Hymenium. iEcidium Spragueae. Hk. Covering the
whole leaf; peridia elongated, orange-red.

II. Stylospores. Globose, pale brown, smooth. /* 24.

III. Teleutospores. Sori irregular, pulverulent, mixed
with the iEcidium; spores oval, brown, marked with tortu-
ous furrows; pedicels short, hyaline, deciduous. iEcid.
fx 14 X 17. Teleut. 17—21 X 24—32.

On living leaves of Spraguea umbellata. Sierra Nevada,
7,000 ft., Aug. 3370.

Ustilago gayophiti.

Spores dark brown, oval or globose, minutely echinu-
late; epidermis soon ruptured; spores in a powdery mass.
/U4— 18.

Produced within the seeds of Gayophitum ramosissimum.
Summit of the Sierra Nevada, Aug. 3391.

Peridermium gracile.

Perithecia cylindrical, 3 mm. long, very slender, border
minutely fringed; spores globose, orange. /rl6 — 20.

Scattered over living leaves of Sarcobatus vermiculatus.
Keno, Nev. August. 3568.

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 37

Peridermium Harknessii. Moore.

Sperniogones. Unknown.

Protospores. Peridia aggregated, irregular, encircling the
stem; spores irregular, very finely echinulate, orange, becom-
ing white. /* 35 — 40.

On stems and branches of Pinus insignis, P. ponderosa
and P. Sabiniana. 4-49.

Appearing as annular swellings, often 2 feet in circumfer-
ence upon the trunks and branches. In the Sierra Nevada,
below the height of 4,000 feet, and in the Coast Kange. Par-
ticularly abundant at Monterey.

The different species of Peridermium of the pine seem to
be doubtfully distinct. H. W. H.

Didymaria spissa.

Hypophyllous, lrypha very short, compacted into a dense
tuft, aggregated into oblong white spots ^ — lcm. long;
spores oblong-elliptic, of ten dividing at the septum. }x 27 X 7.

On living leaves of Solidago occidentalis. San Francisco,
July. 2658.

Stigmina thermopsi.

Amphigenous in irregular brown spots; tufts minute, hy-
pha very short, simple, brown; spores oblong or oval, rough,
1 — 2-septate, brown. /< 24 X 12.

On living leaves of Thermopsis Californica. Tamalpais,
June. 3216.

CAMP0SP0RIUM, nov. gen,

(Ehjm. Campe: larva, from the resemblance of the spore to
the larva of Danais Archippus.)

Hypha brown, flexuous, septate. Spores 1—2, attached
by slender pedicels to the angles of the apex, transversely
pluriseptate with filiform setae springing from the apex.

Camposporium, antennatum.

Hypha septate, flexuous brown; spores 1—2, cylindrical,

38 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

pale olive-brown, 7 — 13-septate, attached to the apical an-
gles of the hypha by filiform spiral pedicels; ultimate
cells hyaline, the upper one bearing 2, sometimes 1 or 3, fili-
form setae J — | as long as the spore, m 70 — 94 X 10.

On decaying bark of Eucalyptus globulus. San Francisco,
Dec. 2349.

Heterosporium abronise.

Epiphyllous, tufts scattered on orbicular, pale, depressions;
hypha longer than the spores, septate, brown; spores oblong,
yellowish-brown, sub-echinulate, 1 — 4-septate, attenuate at
each end. fx 14—20 X 7.

On living leaves of Abronia latifolia. San Francisco,
Dec. 3018.

Heterosporium Eschscholtzise.

Hypha very short, brown, scattered over indeterminate
brown spots; spores oblong, yellowish-brown, minutely
echinulate, 3 — 7-septate, one or two of the cells occasionally
longitudinally divided. /< 50 — 60 X 14 — 16.

On living leaves of Eschscholtzia Californica. San Fran-
cisco, Jan. 3116.

Cercospora Garryae.

Hypophyllous; spots irregular, pale; hypha pale brown,
slender; spores nearly linear, attenuate above, hyaline, 7 — 12-
septate. /* 10 x HO.

On living leaves of Garrya elliptica. Saucelito. July.

3273.
Cercospora Gnaphalii.

Epiphyllous; spots broad, indeterminate, tufts aggregated,
hypha short, brown; spores pale brown, attenuate above,
3— 7-septate. /*16 X 120.

On living leaves of Gnaphalium decurrens. San Francisco,
May. 2601.

Cercospora heteromeles.
Hypophyllous ; spots pale, irregular, large; tufts scattered,

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 39

hypha very short, brown; spores cylindrical, attenuate
above, brown, 5 — 13-septate. fx 16 X 130.

On living leaves of Heteromeles arbutifolia. Berkeley,

September. 3424.

Cercospora Rafinesquiae.

Hypophyllous; in minute tufts covering a great part of
the leaf; hypha brown, very short; spores oblong, brown,
2— 7 -septate. yu 20—30 X 6.

On living leaves of Rafmesquia Californica. San Fran-
cisco, May. 2603.

Beltrania»querna.

Hypha erect, growing in tufts, becoming confluent, brown,
2 — 4-septate bearing at the apex 1 — 2 whorls of bud-like pro-
cesses, the outer border fringed with 2 — 5 dentations, to each
of which a spore is attached : spores obscurely rhomboid,
rounded at the basal, and rostrate at the free end, brown,
granular, obscurely septate, at length dividing at the wide-
est part; setuhe black, much exceeding the hypha, septa
none or invisible, jn 17 — 28 X 8 — 10.

Forming a dense black stratum on decaying leaves of
Quercus agrifolia. San Francisco, Jan. 2191.

TR0P0SP0RIUM, nov. gen.

Sporodochium flattened, farinaceous. Hypha elongated,
lax, branching. Spores spiral, attached to the hypha by slen-
der pedicel-like branchlets.

Allied to Fusisporium, but with very different spores.

Troposporium album.

Acervuli white, 1—2 mm, often confluent, thick, branching
freely, without septa, containing numerous granules and oil
globules which are set free by breaking; spore — a long-
tube granular, nucleolate without septa, n 7 wide, coiled
in a long spiral of 3 — 7 turns, flattened at the crossings,

40 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

forming an oblong mass, with crenate borders, ,/u 40 — 45x
18—22.

On dead stems of Corylns rostrata. Sausalito, Dec.
Feb. 2929.

Entyloma Collinsise.

Forming white spots 2 mm. in diameter on the leaves;

spores attached to slender radiating threads, globose hya-
line; epispore thick. M 10 — 12.

On leaves of Collinsia bartshefolia. Tamalpais, Feb.

3143.
Entyloma Eschscholtziae

Forming white spots 1 — 2 mm. in diameter; spores hya-
line, attached to thick, branching, threads, irregular in
shape; epispore thick. /< 10 — 5.

On living leaves of Eschscholtzia Californica. San Fran-
cisco, Feb. 3117.

Sphserotheca lanestris.

Conidia: Oidum ventricosum, Hk. Segments swelling in
the centre and becoming barrel-shaped /* 34 — 38 X 20 — 22,
and filled with numerous round or elliptic bodies,
M 5 — 6 X 2 — 4, which are freely discharged from the ends,
as the joints separate.

Ascophore: mycelium dense, persistent, arachnoid, yellow-
ish brown, in tufts 'f mm. in breadth, which becoming conflu-
ent, form a woolly stratum, often covering the entire lower
sufrace of the leaf : perithecia double, dark brown, the inner
formed of large, highly refracting, lryaline, cells: appendages
undistinguishable from the mycelium; asci ovate thick-
walled, thinner at the summit, and with a short stipe,
8-spored: sporidia elliptic or globose, granular. Peri-
thecia, fx 90—108. Asci, it 75 X 102. Sporid. ii 21 X 18.

Very conspicuous upon the growing shoots of Quercus
agrifolia — the oidium as a white mealy stratum from Feb —
May, followed by the ascophore on the leaves below. San
Francisco. 3169.

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 41

Erysiphe (Erysiphella) trina.

Epiphyllous, mycelium covering orbicular spots, pruinose,
fugacious : perithecia clustered, minute, yellowish brown, m 56
— 70 : appendages none : asci 3, nearly globular, p- 32 — 38 :
sporidia 2, oblong-elliptic, or somewhat boat-shaped, very
large, completely filling the ascus. /< 28 — 32 18 — 20.
On living leaves of Quercus agrifolia. Berkeley, Jan.

3012.
THECLOSPORA, nov. gen.

Spores surrounded by a cleft, hyaline border, borne
on slender branching lryphae, compacted into a globular
woolly mass.
Theclospora bifida.

Heaps scattered, globular, 1 — 2 mm. in diameter, loosely
attached to the surface, white, becoming yellow : lrypha aris-
ing from irregular, yellowish, elongated masses, rough, slen-
der, bearing at intervals granular spores, surrounded by a
broad and firm hyaline or yellowish border, marked with
concentric striae, and cleft on opposite sides, the hypha
apparently passing through. ^ 24 — 40.

On rotting leaves of Eucalyptus globulus. San Francisco,
Dec. 3612.

The place of this fungus in classification is very uncer-
tain, and it is only placed here because of its connection
with the next.

CLEISTOSOMA, nov. gen.

Perithecia orbicular, membranaceous. Asci borne on
branching threads, globose, evanescent, Sporidia hemis-
pherical, echinulate.

Cleistosoma purpureum.

Perithecia purple black, very delicate, soon dehiscent,
developed . within the heaps of Cleistosoma purpureum,
which it stains purple; asci globular, hyaline, 8-spored,
yu 9 — 12 : sporidia purple, hemispherical, long-echinulate
round the disk margin, /u 3 — 4. 3606.

42 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

The relation of this fungus to the preceding is still in
doubt. I suspect it may be the same as that of Eurotium to
Aspergillus.

Myriococcum sparsum.

Perithecia scattered, yellowish brown. /* 170 — 180, sur-
rounded by scanty white subiculum : spores numerous, un-
equal-elliptic, hyaline, apiculate at each end, with a large
vacuole. yu7 — 9 X 4 — 6.

On dead trunks of Acer macrophyllum, between the bark
and wood. Sunol, April. 2444.

Lasiobotrys affinis.

Hypophyllous, black, aggregated in circular groups 2 — 6
mm. in diameter, depressed, attached to radiating non-sep-
tate fibres : secondary perithecia reticulate, brown, globose,
/■i 70 — 100 : asci shortly stipitate, nearly cylindrical, j.i 60 —
70 x 12 — 14: sporidia fusoid, yellowish-brown, uniseptate,
with the septum near the larger end. /* 15 — 17 x 6 — 8.

On living leaves of Lonicera hispidula. Tamalpais, June,

2539.
Rosellinia (Coniochaeta) spinosa.

Perithecia superficial, gregarious, globose, yu 300 in dia-
v meter, bearing numerous yellowish- white spines which are
very thick walled, inclosing a central canal filled with oil
globules, acuminate, often branching, 1 — 3 times, fx 200 —
300 X 18 — 22; asci 8-spored, cylindrical, 1-seriate, short-sti-
pitate, yu 50 x 12; paraphyses filiform; sporidia ovate-ellip-
tic, 2-celled; upper cell § — f the length of the spore, olive-
brown, with a large nucleus; lower cell conical, hyaline,
/*9 x 4,

On decaying bark of Eucalyptus. San Francisco, Sept.

2842.
Rosellinia (Coniochaeta) rhyncospora.

Perithecia globose-conical, densely aggregated, superfi-
cial, covering large areas, studded all over with short black
spines; asci 8-spored, cylindrical, oblicp:iely 1-seriate, j-i 96
X 10, paraphyses filiform ; sporidia continuous, oval, or ellip-

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 43

tic, dark brown, about half of them prolonged upward into
a curved beak, I — \ as long as the body of the spore.
/* 15— 18 x t 9.

On decorticated branches of Sambucus glauca. Blue
Canon, June. 3288.

Lsestadia auripunctum.

Hypophyllous, perithecia scattered, 5 — 20 in yellowish
orbicular spots 2 — 5 mm. broad, bordered by a dark brown
line; nucleus orange; asci8-spored, fusiform, long-stipitate;
sporidia hyaline, ovate or clavate, asci ^ 54 X 10 > spor-
idia 10 X 6.

On living leaves of Quercus Wislizeni. Folsom, May.

3243.
Laestadia caelata.

Perithecia hypophyllous, entirely concealed, scattered;
asci mucoid, clavate, long-stipitate, /u 45 X 15; paraphyses
none; sporidia 8, hyaline, turbinate, shining; endochrome
divided very near the pointed end of the spore, m 12 X 6.

On dead leaves of Quercus densiflora. Tamalpais, Jan.

2968.
Phomatospora datiscae.

Perithecia scattered, sub-epidermal; ostiolum conical; asci
S-spored, oblong, or ob-clavate. /* 50 — 60 X 15 — 20, para-
physes none; sporidia oblong-oval, hyaline or minutely
granular, with a small vacuole at each end, ^ 20 — 30 X 8 — 10.

On dead stems of Datisca glomerata. Folsom, May.

3231.
Physalospora bina.

Epiphylous; shining black, hemispherical, half free, nu-
merous, discrete in irregular whitish spots, covering a third
or more of the leaf and bordered by a dark line ; paraphyses
mucoid, vacuolate ; ascus 2-spored, very delicate, fusiform,
attenuate to a slender pedicel, yu45 X 9; sporidia oblong-
elliptic or slightly boat-shaped, rounded at one end and
slightly pointed at the other, with several vacuoles, p. 15 X 6.

On living leaves of Quercus agrifolia. Tamalpais, Jan.

2966.

44 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Diaporthe (Chorostate.) eucalypti.

Peritlieca aggregated iu valsseform spots, bordered by a
raised black line, rostra 1 mm. or more long, lax, somewhat
agglutinated; asci oblong-fueoid, /< 33 X 7; sporidia fusiform,
slightly curved, hyaline, 1-septate, 4-guttate, acuminate.
M 15 X 4.

On dead leaves of Eucalyptus globulus. San Francisco,
June. 3613.

Diaporthe (Tetrastaga) lupini.

Perithecia clustered, rostrum short, thick; asci very deli-
cate, fusoid. yw 15 X 4; sporidia fusoid, 1-septate, 4-guttulate,
slightly constricted; cells frequently unequal, readily sep-
arating at the septum, f-i 55 — 60 X 9-

On branches of Lupinus arboreus. San Francisco, March.

2247.
Didymosphaeria circinans.

Hypophyllous, perithecia gregarious in circular spots,
1 — 6 mm. in diameter, covered, staining the matrix around
the ostiolum; asci 8-spored, cylindrical, sessile, yu 66 X 6;
paraphyses filiform; sporidia oval, or oblong, uniseptate,
slightly constricted, olive brown, /.i 5 — 7 X 3 — 4.

On the early form of leaves, of Eucalyptus globulus. Berke-
ley, Oct. 2877.

Massaria pulchra.

Perithecia scattered, covered; contents white, 1 — lh mm.;
ascus 8-spored, broadly clavate, j^ 126 X 36; sporidia fusi-
form-navicular, of two irregular, unequal cones, united by
their bases, and surrounded by a gelatinous stratum; at
first unisepstate and hyaline, slowly becoming brown, and
unequally 3 — 5-septate by division of the endochrome.
M 58—60 X 20—22.

On dead branches of Umbellularia Californica. Sausa-
lito, July. 2710.

Massaria cleistotheca.

Perithecia minute, covered; asci 8-spored, pyriform, or ob-
ovate, thick-walled, closed all round, without stipe, or point

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 45

of attachment, pi 48 X 30; paraphyses agglutinate; sporidia
hyaline, of two opposed, rather long, equal cones, occasion-
ally again divided, so as to make the spore 3-septate, sur-
rounded by a gelatinous stratum. y« 32 — 40 X 8 — 10.

On dead stems of Dendromecon rigidum. Tamalpais,
March. 3083.

Chaetosphseria ornata.

Perithecia superficial, orbicular, black, not rugulose, }x 360;
seta? hyphoid, \ mm. or more in length, black, not acumi-
nate, occasionally septate; asci 8-spored, mucoid, clavate,
with a long pedicel filled with oil globules or granules,
}x 8 — 10 X 100; paraphyses hardly visible; sporidia fusiform,
tri-septate, middle cells olive-brown ultimate ones hyaline.
M 16 X 6.

On decaying bark of Eucalyptus. San Francisco, Sept.

2845.
Pleospora compressa.

Perithecia scattered, covered by the blackened cuticle,
concave, surrounded by radiating brown hypha; asci 8-spored
clavate, 2-seriate, short-btipitate, /u 80 — 90 X 15 — 18, para-
physes filiform; sporidia brown, unequally elliptic, transverse-
ly 3-septate, the two central cells constricted by a longitudinal
septum which flattens them antero-posteriorly, and causes
the central cells of the spore to appear narrower than the ulti-
mate ones when view r ed from the side; at first surrounded by
•a mucoid envelope. // 20 — 27 X 10 — 19.

On dead stems of Polygonum polymorphum. Blue Canon,
June. 3284.

Pleospora (Catharinia) argyrospora.

Perithecia minute, black, erumpent, sparse; asci 8-spored
clavate, sessile, thick-walled, jn 60 — 65 X 20; bi-seriate ;
paraphyses filiform; sporidia hyaline, elliptic-lanceolate,
transversely 3 — 5, longitudinally 1 — 2-septate, fx 18 X 8.

On dead branches of Dendromecon rigidum. Tamalpais,
March. 3084.

46 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Plgeosphseria modesta.

Peritliecia superficial, orbicular, black, // 135, with stout
black spines, // 40 — 50; asci 8-spored, ovate, or broadly fusi-
form, m 45 — 50X15 — 20; paraphyses none: sporidia ellip-
tic, transversely 3 — 4, longitudinally 2-septate, pale olive-
brown, j-i 10 X 6.

On decorticated, rotting branches of Eucalyptus. San
Francisco, Sept. 2846.

Ophiobolus claviger.

Peritliecia globular with papillate ostioluni, gregarious,
or scattered, erumpent, then free ^ — 1 mm., at first filled
with minute spermatia ; asci linear-clavate, 8-spored, yu 210
X 14; paraplryses filiform, vacuolate; sporidia pale brown,
20 — 25-septate, the upper third somewhat swollen, and
constricted, // 140 X 7.

On creeping stems of Audibertia humilis. Folsom, May.

3233.
Ophiobolus byssicola.

Peritliecia globose, with prominent ostioluni, superficial,
f — 1 mm., nestling in dirty-brown subiculum; asci 8-spored
cylindrical-clavate, tapering to a slender pedicel, which ter-
minates in a bulbous base, /* 170 X 16; sporidia pale brown,
tapering, obtuse at the ends, 20 — 30-septate, constricted ;
the upper and 1 — 3 other cells at irregular intervals, en-
larged and globular, m 120—140 X 4—6.

On decorticated branches of Sambucus glauca. Blue
Canon, June. 3289.

Ophiodothis tarda.

Hvpophyllous, in irregular, angular spots, 3 — 4 mm. broad,
often confluent, papillate, shining black : asci 8-spored, cylin-
drical, abruptly contracted, curved and bulbous at the base,
fx 57 X 9; sporidia linear, pluriguttulate. }x 42 X 2.

On leaves of Rhus diversiloba. San Francisco, Jan. 3047.

Fruit slowly formed after lying long on the ground.

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 47

Lophiostoma (Navicella) congregatum.

Perithecia large f — 1 mm., half immersed, dull black;
ostiolum prominent ^ — | the width of the perithecium ; asci
8-spored, clavate, bi-seriate, fx 70X12; sporidia fusiform,
widest above the middle, curved, 6 — 8-septate, constricted,
yellowish brown, cells containing 2 small vacuoles; ultimate
ones paler. if. 30 X 9.

On decorticated branches of Sambucus racemosa. Sum-
mit of the Sierra Nevada, Aug. 3377.

Aulographum lucens.

Perithecia flattened, appressed, i — 1 mm. long, opening
by a longitudinal fissure, sparsely scattered over slightly
discolored spots; asci oval, 8-spored, fx 37 X 28; sporidia ob-
long, rounded at the ends, 1-septate, slightly constricted
with two very large vacuoles, hyaline, slowly becoming
brown, li 21 X 10.

On living twigs of Garrya elliptica. Tainalpais, Sept.

3146.
Aulographum acicolum.

Perithecia oblong, circinately arranged, on pale spots, ap-
planate, semi-immersed, opening by a longitudinal fissure,
i — 1 mm.; asci globose, 8-spored, M 25; sporidia oblong-
ovate or fusiform, 1-septate, constricted, hyaline, becoming
brown. M 15 X 6.

On living leaves of Pinus Sabiniana. Mt. Diablo, Jan.

3014.
Acrospermum fultum.

Perithecia wedge-shaped, gregarious, 1 — H mm. long,
transversely striate, supported by buttress-like portions
which unite with the main stem about half way up, the
whole attached to brown rooting mycelium : asci 8-spored,
cylindrical-clavate, tapering to a long and slender pedicel,
li 500 X 9 ; paraphyses linear, as long as the ascus ; sporidia
filiform, multi-guttate or pseudo-septate, ii 300 — 350 X 2

On deadle aves of Eucalyptus. San Francisco, May.

2500.

Perhaps too near A. corrugation Ell., but this shows no
disposition to break into regular joints.

48 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

[The following short papers were presented to the Academy at the regular
stated meeting of November 5, 1883, by the President]

NOTE ON THE APPEARANCE OF SATURN.

Upon turning 6.4-inch equatorial of the Davidson Ob-
servatory upon Saturn about nine o'clock in the evening of
October 29th, it was at once made evident that the object
was unusually steady for this region.

I had failed to get any transit observations because the
spider lines of the reticules of the instrument were so limp
and slacked up by the excessive amount of moisture in the
atmosphere that they were unfit for work. Even when they
had been heated and straightened out, they lost their tension
in two or three minutes. The dew ran down the observatory
almost like rain. The evening was clear and pleasant,
and nearly calm, and the smoke of the city was to the south-
eastward.

With a moderate power of 120 diameters, the Cassini divis-
ion of the ring of Saturn was visible all around, and the gauzy
or dusky innermost ring was made out. With a higher power
of 250 diameters, the details came out marvel ously clear and
sharp, notwithstanding frequent shiverings of the image
from atmospheric disturbance. The dusky ring was
wonderfully well defined on its inner edge, and the Cassini
division was distinct and well cut; the Encke division of the
outer ring was made out farther than given in the well known
Cambridge drawing. The shadow of the planet on the ring
was so well defined that the irregularity at the outer edge of
the B ring was unmistakable, the equatorial belt was broad
and white and well defined; the line of dark clouding along
the south border of this white belt was very distinct, and in
marked contrast therewith, thence to the pole, the globe was
rather deeply shaded; the edge of the planet, was traced
around on the edge of the ring by its difference of color; the
faint yellow-green olive tint of the planet was in marked
contrast with the yellowish-white of the ring; the principal

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. Qf

or B ring was toned faintly down towards the planet as if
exhibiting some of the gauzy ring, but the characters of the
two were distinct. There were six satellites visible. But
one of the best revealed features of this spectacle was the
undoubted difference in brightness of the gauzy ring at the
two ansse. The preceding part was decidedly brighter than
the following. Different eye-pieces and different powers were
used, but this peculiarity remained. Mr. R. A. Marr noted
it under all the circumstances in which I examined it. I
have no doubt whatever of the matter. This phenomenon
may have been described before, but I have no remem-
brance of it. I thought also that the inner edge of the gauzy
ring was more than half way from the inner edge of the Bring
to the body of the planet; but under examinations with differ-
ent powers and eye-pieces, I had some doubts. I made no
measures.

Another feature was the apparent deeper shading of the
preceding side of the planet: it was only a very little differ-
ence, but I was satisfied that it really existed.

I should mention that in my limited experience in examin-
ing Saturn I have never seen the atmospheric conditions so
nearly perfect as they were that night. It was an excep-
tional instance in very many years. In this one case I saw
more than is given in the beautiful Cambridge drawing, ex-
cept thpt I could not make out the mottlings in the short
curves of the rings.

ANNULAR SOLAR ECLIPSE, OCTOBER 30, 1883.

It is probable that this is the only observation of precision
of this eclipse made on the Continent of North America, or
throughout the Pacific. It was annular through the
Pacific Ocean, but partial at San Francisco.

The predicted time of the first contact of the moon's limb
4

50 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

with the sun, and the point of contact, were computed for
the Davidson Observatory.

This predicted time was 3 hours 46.1 minutes; and the
point of contact was 248 deg. 59 min. from the north point
reckoned round by the east, corresponding to 203 deg. 43 min.
from the vertex of the sun, also reckoned through the east.

The observation was made with the full aperture of the
6.4-inch equatorial, using an Airy double-image micrometer,
with a power of about 240 diameters. The colored-glass ex-
hibited the sun's disk of a whitish pearl color. The position
thread was placed to cut off that segment of the sun's disk
upon which the moon would first appear. The clock-work
kept the image in the center of the field.

The border of the sun was much disturbed by the unequal
refraction of the warm and cold strata of the atmosphere,
so that the first contact was obtained under certain difficul-
ties. The moon appeared at the predicted position, and the
local meantime of the contact was 3 hours 46 minutes and
14.5 seconds, or eight seconds after the computed epoch.
It is probable that this time may be a half or even one sec-
ond late.

After this observation, another eye-piece was introduced,
and the projected image of the sun's border was exhibited
upon a white paper screen, showing the ingress of the
moon's dark limb, the groups of sun spots, and the dis-
turbed border and cusps.

The time of greatest observation occurred just before sun-
set, when the moon had advanced .454 of the sun's diameter
on the disk of the latter. Owing to the abnormal refraction
so near the sea horizon, the sun presented the appearance of
a very flattened eclipse, and the moon's disk was also simi-
larly distorted, so that the distortion of the cusps was very
striking and peculiar. At that time the boiling of the sun's
border was excessively great.

There were two lines of sun spots across the solar disk,
one north and one south of the equator; some of them were

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 51

very large, and one group was visible to the unassisted eye.
The faculae upon the surface were fairly well made out.

Mr. C. B. Hill observed the eclipse with a small reconnoi-
tering telescope placed in the inclosure about the observa-
tory (objective 2 J inches, magnifying power about 50 diam-
eters,) and his time was 2.6 seconds later than that given
above.

The geographical position of the Observatory is : Lati-
tude 37 deg. 47 min. 24.1 sec, north; longitude, 122 deg. 25
min. 37.6 sec, west, or 8h. 9 min. 42.5 sec, from Greenwich.

A BRILLIANT METEOR.

On the evening of October 29, at exactly 11 o'clock p.m. , a
remarkably brilliant meteor passed vertically downwards very
near to and below y Eridani (3 mag.) It illuminated the
street, and its light cast a strong shadow. The train, about
5 deg. long, was persistent for three or four seconds, with an
intense, vivid brightness, then faded away to a white, vapor-
ous looking streak, which assumed a wavy motion for three
or four seconds and then vanished. The color was an in-
tense white tinged with a purplish hue; and the brightest
part of the train which was left was not, at the point of dis-
appearance, but about the middle of its length. At the" above
time the star had an altitude of 28°. 9 and bore south 39°. 4
east.

INTRA-MERCURIAL PLANETS.

At the same meeting of the Academy, in November, 1883,
the President read the following paper :

The scientific journals bring us items from the reports of
M. Trouvelet, who accompanied Mr. Jannsen to the Caroline

52 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Island in the South Pacific, to observe the total solar eclipse,
of May 6th, 18.82.

The members of this Academy will recollect that Jannsen
and his associates, upon their return via San Francisco, were
invited to attend our meeting. Messrs. Palisa and Tachini
and Rockwell were absent. All these gentlemen had been ob-
servers of the eclipse, and some of them had specially di-
rected their attention to the question of intra-mercurial plan-
ets. No one had seen any sign of these bodies, butM. Trou-
velot made known to the Academy that at the time of totality
he had seen a star — a red star — of the fourth magnitude,
about three degrees north and three degrees west of the sun,
and that the star had no definite disk or appreciable phase.
He had no opportunity to consult star charts, and therefore
he could not pronounce judgment upon its being a star or an
intra-mercurial planet.

The next day I placed the sun in its proper position on
the star charts of Agelander, and then found 6 Arietis, of
the fourth magnitude, situated two and three-fourths de-
grees north and two and three-fourths degrees west of the sun.
I had to be absent during the day, but M. Trouvelot came and
examined the charts and my location of the sun. This to
my mind was the solution of of M. Trouvelot's red star. But
6 Arietis is not a red star, and we can only suppose that
there were such conditions present as gave to the star a red-
dish hue, or that M. Trouvelot sees objects red where other
observers do not.

I have been thus particular about details, because we now
read published statements that are somewhat different. It
is mentioned that he saw a decidedly red star ' 'a little to the
north and a little to the west of the sun." He, moreover,
is reported to have stated (Nature, page 546) that on Sep-
tember 5th and 7th, he examined the part of the sky where
the sun was then situate, with a telescope of the same aper-
ture that he used in observing the eclipse, and with the eye-
piece then employed, he recognized the two white stars which
he had noted as 41 and € Arietis, but the red star was not

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 53

found, even though he swept to a much greater distance than
any probable error of his observation would allow. On thif
circumstance he remarks:

" As much as the absence of a red star as brilliant as that
one I observed during the eclipse seemed naturally to lead
me to suppose that the star in question was not other than
an intra-mercurial planet, nevertheless, as the most necessary
elements- such as the position, and a disk, or a sensible
phase — failed my observation, I believe it is my duty to hold
my opinion in reserve, and for the present suspend my con-
clusions upon the possible nature of this star."

With regard to the reference to the stars 41 Arietis and
e Arietis, respectively of the 4th and 4| magnitudes, it need
only be remarked that they were not in or near the region of
the reported red star. The former star was 10^ degrees
north of the sun and 2 A- degrees to the east; the latter star
was 4J degrees north, J a degree east of the sun. They may
be thrown out of the case, except as indicating that he saw
them, probably with the naked eye, as he could hardly be
looking in that locality for an intra-mercurial planet. Two
or three stars of this constellation, but of the 5th and 6th
magnitudes, lie from H to 3 degrees to the north and west
of tf Arietis, but they do not appear to have been seen.

We are therefore reduced to the consideration of <5 Arietis
as being the star which M. Trouvelot saw. At .our meeting
lie named the estimated distance of the observed star from
the sun, and this estimated distance almost exactly tallies
with the position of 6 Arietis; and his observing 3 deg. west
and 3 deg. north is represented by 2f deg. west and 2f deg.
north; the estimated magnitude agrees with the actual
msgnitude ; and the absence of disk and of phase, agreed with
the observer's statement that it was a star.

In my judgment, but one condition remains unsatisfied,
namely, that it was a red star. And it seems to me not un-
likely that there may have been atmospheric or possibly cos-
mic conditions in that vicinity which gave the stai» a reddish
hue ; or that he may have a tendency to see an object with a

54 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

reddish tinge. The seeing 41 and s Arietis as white stars
might militate against this view. But in M. Trouvelot's
great atlas of astronomical drawings, and in his drawings of
sim spots, in the Cambridge Annals, we can not help noth-
ing that his red spot on Jupiter is very brilliantly red as
compared with the appearance to most observers; and in
some of the sun spots we find a reddish tint added to the
blackness of the dark centres, the same reddish tint not be-
ing visible to other observers. It would be interesting for
M. Trouvelot to institute comparison with other observers
in order to settle this color question.

At the meetings to the end of January, the President pre-
sented several verbal communications upon his observations
upon the planets and the Pons comet.

THE PONS-1812, COMET.

The comet was first seen at the Davidson Observatory with
the unassisted eye, on the first of December, before 8 hrs. in
the evening. A series of observations was made with the
6.4 inches equatorial to determine its position by compari-
sons with stars which were reasonably close to it. And a
series of six drawings was made at different dates, in Decem-
ber and January. The measures for position were made
with the micrometer for differences of declination, and over
the transit threads for differences of right ascension. At dif-
ferent times I was assisted by Messrs. T. D. Davidson and
C. B. Hill.

The series of determinations embraces the dates: 1883,
December, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 26, 27, 28, 29; 1884, Jan-
uary, 3, 9, 10, 11, 24, 25. There were several clear nights
upon which observations could not be made on account of
the path of the comet passing through a very barren part of
the heavens. After January 25th the long run of favorable

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 55

weather was broken by a prolonged storm; and even in the
intervals of good weather succeeding it, the atmospheric
conditions were very unsatisfac tor j.

A pressure of official duty, and the want of the mean-places
of many of the comparison stars, have prevented the reduc-
tion of the observations, although a preliminary examination
indicates their reliability.

THE PLANETS MARS, JUPITER AND SATURN.

During November, December and January, observations
of the physical appearance of these planets were made at
every available opportunity. Drawings of Jupiter and Mars
were made, and full notes kept in the study of Saturn.

Saturn. 1 he position of the Encke division, plainly divides
the outer ring A into two slightly unequal annuli by being
nearer the outer than the inner circumference. This was
certainly the case at the preceding part of the ring, but at
the following part of the ring the division was apparently
nearer the inner circumference. This anomaly was doubt-
less occasioned by the sun shining full on the preceding
part of the ring, but at the following part the shadow
of the raised rim of the outer circumference of the B
ring was projected across and beyond the outer edge
of the Encke division upon the inner bright border of
the A ring. This reduced the apparent breadth of the
inner annulus of the A ring at that point, and makes it
appear narrower than the outer annulus. When the atmos-
phere was quiet this shadow made the breadth of the
Encke division greater at the following than at the pre-
ceding part of the ring. It was of course a very small dif-
ference, yet it was unmistakable under favorable conditions.
The dusky ring. While there were but two or three occa-
sions on which the inner circumference of the dusky ring

56 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

was sharply defined, yet without this condition, there were
no times when the extreme parts of the dusky ring were equally
distinct. And upon most occasions the preceding part of
the ring was the brighter. It became a question why this
appearance was so generally presented; whether it was in the
ring itself and would thus give a clue to its period of rota-
tion, or whether it was owing to the direction of the atmos-
pheric waves of disturbance as we see them in geodetic ob-
servations, whether due to peculiarities of the telescope or
the observers eye. Sometimes three observers made the
comparison before announcing the result : the atmospheric dis-
turbance might account for part of it. Changes of eye-pieces
did not correct the impression. Decided change of parts
was exhibited during one period of two or three hours.

But upon more than one occasion the following part has
seemed the brighter without any doubt in the observer's
mind.

It seems that one reason for the preceding part being-
brighter than its normal tone, must be in the additional light
reflected upon it from the illuminated body of the planet be-
ing brighter near the preceding limb, after apposition.

I have not had an evening when the atmosphere continued
sufficiently and uniformly quiet to observe during the whole
night under equal conditions.

The dusky ring, where it crosses the body of planet., does not
present a uniform tone of color, but the inner circumference
seems a little denser and darker than further out. This
might arise from a narrow dark belt on the body of the
planet just on the line of projection of the inne circumfer-
ence on the body of the planet.

There is across the white equatorial band, on the body of the
planet, a very narrow dark belt which I first noticed close to
the edge of the dusky ring. This belt moved very slowly
towards south during December and January.

I have recorded also upon two occasions a narrow dark
line across the body of the planet in the dark part south of

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 57

the bright equatorial belt. It revealed itself only upon
short occasions of extreme quietness of the atmosphere.

For ail these studies I have used eye-pieces of various
characters, with magnifying powers from 120 to 500 diam-
eters, but only upon one or two occasions utilizing the lat-
ter.

Jupiter. Numerous drawings of the beltings of Jupiter
have been made with observations upon the satellites. The
power used ranged from 120 to 300 diameters. A later re-
port will be made upon this planet.

Mars. The observations have not been so satisfactory on
this planet. It has happened that I have not had one op-
portunity when the atmosphere was quiet; but drawings have
been made with powers reaching 300 diameters.

C0LEMANITE.

BY J. T. EVANS, A. M.

A new mineral called " Colemanite" was found not long

since in the southern part of this State, and named in honor

of "William T. Coleman, of this city. It is a hydrous borate

of lime. There are several minerals of somewhat similar

composition, and its affinities are shown in the following

schedule :

f 2CaO 15.9

Ulexite J Ja 2 8.8

{ 5B„ O s 49.7

L 10Aq 25.6

( CaO 20 89

Bechilite * ) 2B„ 3 52.24

( 4Aq 26.87

( 2CaO 27.18

Colemanite ) 3B„ 3 50.98

( 5Aq 21.84

( 2CaO 29.78

Pandermite J 3B 2 O, 55.8i

o

( 3Aq 14.36

( 3CaO 29.9

Pnceite 1 4B„ 3 49.8

( 6Aq 20.3
5

58 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

The clearest crystals obtainable contained small quan-
tities of soda, varying from to 26-100 per cent, to 54-100
per cent., reckoned as caustic soda, but undoubtedly pres-
ent as borate of soda. This is probably a mechanical
admixture, and does not enter into the mineral as an
essential element. It points, however, very strongly to
the origin of the mineral from ulexite. By inspection of
the formula, we observe that if the soda be abstracted
from ulexite along with its equivalent of boric anhy-
dride (2B_. O3), there remains a compound identical with
Colemanite or pandermite in its ratio of boric acid to the
lime. In fact, both Colemanite and pandermite have been
produced artificially by deposition from aqueous solutions
of ulexite, the temperature alone determining the degree of
hydration. Under varying conditions of temperature, con-
centration and pressure different, and yet closely allied, hy-
drous borates of lime would be deposited, and this might
tike place in quick succession, or even simultaneously in dif-
ferent portions of the same bed or ledge. These borates are
thus very closely allied in their origin, and are liable to
glide one into another by insensible gradations. Hand speci-
mens are found having all the appearance of ulexite atone ex-
tremity and Colemanite at the other. This may account for
some of the apparent discrepancies in the analysis by re-
putable chemists. Pisani's analysis of pandermite (quoted
by the State mineralogist), is that of Priceite pure and
simple.

Specimens of borate of lime having all the appearance of
the massive variety of Colemanite, have given results on
analysis closely agreeing with the formula of Priceite.

As far as we are informed, Colemanite is the first definite-
ly crystallized borate of lime hitherto found.

With reference to its susceptibility of reduction to boric
acid or borax, practical tests have shown it to be quite
refractory.

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 59

Colemanite. — Ciystallizatioii rnonoclinic. ^Inclination of
the vertical to the clinodiagonal axis (C) 70i° I a I 108^ c .
ii A I 144|° ii a I 126 J°. Luster vitreous to adamantine,
often splendent! Cleavage ii or clinodiagonal , perfect, af-
fording readily thin, smooth and polished laminae which
often show interference figures. Cleavage in other planes
imperfect and fracture uneven, giving surfaces of a subvit-
reous luster. Hardness 3.5 in the amorphous, to 4.25 in
crystalline variety. Sp. gravity 2.428. Colorless. Streak
white. Transparent, subtranslucent to milky, especially in
the massive. Rather brittle.

Composition. 2CaO, m, 3 + 5H 2 0.

Anhydrous boracic acid B 2 3 [50. 9S]

Lime CaO 27 18

Water 21.84

Total 100.00

Pyr. Decrepitates violently and at length sinters. With
fluor spar and bisulphate of potash, colors the flame yellowish
green, Soluble in dilute hydrochloric or nitric acid with
deposition of flakes of boracic acid in abundance.

Locality, Southern California, where it -was discovered by
R. Neuschwander, October, 1882. Named after "Win. T. Cole-
man of San Francisco.

*The notation is conformable to that of Dam's system of mineralogy. The measure-
ments were made with hand a goniometer, and subject to the ordinary errors.

■-«-■

1/ (/ V /

BULLETIN

CALIFORNIA

1
J

EMY

r^\

W-L

H

Jl

1

N

J

-I

No. 2.

JANUARY, 1S85.

COIN TENTS.

PAGE

On the Morphology of Coleinanite. A. Wendell Jackson 3

Diagrams 36

The Chemical Properties and Relations of Colemanite. J. T. Evans. ... 37

For Sale by Payot, Upham & Co., San Francisco.

Geo. Spauldivo k Co Prs. 414 Clay »Su

I LIBRARV,

BULLETIN

CALIFORNIA

J

AD

H

r\

1?

w j-

JET

J

H

No. 2

January, 1885

SAN FRANCISCO :
George Spaulding & Co., Mining and Scientific Press Office,

3414 Clay Street.

BULLETIN.

California Academy of Sciences.

ON THE MORPHOLOGY OF COLEMANTCE.

BY A. WENDELL JACKSON.

In the American Journal of Science for December, 1884, I
published a short preliminary notice of a new borate of lime,
that had been discovered in the southern part of Death Valley,
Inyo County, California. In the present paper I communicate
the results of my crystallographic study of the mineral; a later
communication will discuss its optical and other physical prop-
erties.

Mr. J. T. Evans of this Academy, who first called attention to
the new mineral, gives the following description in a paper read
before the California Academy of Sciences, February 4th, 1884:

"Crystallization monoclinic. inclination of the vertical axis to
the clinodiagonal axis (C) 70^°, I A I 108£°; ii A I 144^°, ii A I
126^°. Luster vitreous to adamantine, often splendent. Cleav-
age ii or clinodiagonal, perfect, affording readily thin, smooth
and polished lamin?e which often show interference figures.
Cleavage in other planes imperfect and fracture uneven, giving
surfaces of a subvitreous luster. Hardness 3.5 in the amorphous
[massive], to 4.25 in the crystalline [crystallized] variety. Spe-
cific gravity 2.428. Colorless. Streak white. Transparent, sub-
translucent to milky, especially in the massive. Rather brittle.

*Measurements were made with a contact goniometer.

4 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Composition, 2CaO, 3B 2 3 -j- 5H 2 O.

Anhydrous boracic acid B. 2 3 [50.98]

Lime , CaO 27.18

Water 21.84

Total 100.00

Pyr. Decrepitates violently and at length sinters. With
fluor spar and bisulphate of potash, colors the flame yellowish
green. Soluble in dilute hydrochloric or nitric acid with deposi-
tion of flakes of boracic acid in abundance.

Locality, Southern California, where it was discovered by R.
Neusch wander, October, 1882. Named after Wm. T. Coleman,
of San Francisco ."

In September, 1884, Mr. Evans kindly presented to me a sin-
gle beautifully developed crystal-fragment (Fig. 1, PI. I) with
permission to make a thorough study of it. From measurements
on this crystal, I determined the axial elements, and reckoned
therefrom most of the angles in the principal zones. This work
was about completed when I unexpectedly received from the
owners of tbe deposit in which the mineral occurs, about twenty-
five more crystal-fragments, and later still, from the State Min-
eralogist, Mr. H. Gr. Hanks, one more finely developed crystal.
The crystals thus acquired presented many new forms, and
enabled me to test the axial elements set up on the measure-
ments of the first crystal.

Most of these crystals are quite clear and colorless, with the
faces in the main in very good condition. They vary in size
from 6 mm. in the orthoaxis, 5 mm. in the clinoaxis, by 8 mm.
in the vertical axis, to 30 mm. in the ortho-, 20 mm. in the
clino-, by 30 mm. in the vertical axis; most however being near
the former dimensions. One irregular individual entirely with-
out crystal-faces, possessed a diameter of 60 mm. Most of the
crystals in my possession are from medium to short columnar
fragments, broken from a foundation on which tbey were closely
aggregated as implanted crystals. Five specimens show the
crystals in place in thickly covered, drusy cavities in massive, fine

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 5

granular, gray colemanite, the latter somewhat impure from finely
disseminated argillaceous particles. One cavity was first lined
with small, brilliant, colorless crystals of quartz, of the common
form, which were subsequently partially covered by numerous
crystals of colemanite. One magnificent geode is 0.1 m. in di-
ameter, and entirely lined with large, colorless, brilliant, and
highly complex crystals of colemanite. Considerable compact,
grayish quartz is finely disseminated through the walls of these
cavities or segregated in small irregular masses or thin layers,
always underlying the colemanite crystals. The mineral is said
by its discoverer to be intimately associated with snowy white,
massive, extremely fine scaly pandermite. Small patches of this
latter borate (?) adhere to the larger specimens, but give no clue
to the exact relation, with respect to mode of occurrence, that
may exist between them. A small quantity of an actively effer-
vescing insoluble carbonate (probably calcite) also adhered to
one of the geodes.

The crystal-system was established by an optical investigation,
and Mr. Evans' assumption found to be correct. Extinction be-
tween crossed Nicols in parallel polarized light, took place exactly
at right angles to, and parallel to, the plane of perfect cleavage
oo 3? oo (010) when crystals were viewed through n (Fig. 1,
PI. I.); when viewed through cleavage laminae, the direction of
extinction makes an angle of something over 6^ with the vertical
axis (assuming as has been done in this paper, g = (001) P),
lying in the acute angle of the morphological axes.

System: monoclinic.

Axes-ratio:

a: b": c = 0.774813: 1: 0.540998

/i = 69° 50' 45"

determined from the fundamental angles

oo P : oo P = (110): (110) = 107° 56' 9"
oo P : P = (110): (001) = 106° 10' 43"
P : 2 P oo = (001): 201) = 111° 35' 39"

all taken from one crystal and from faces giving excellent reflec-
tions.

Cleavage: perfect parallel to oo P oo and distinct parallel to P.

6 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

The forms observed are the following:

m = odPoo (010)

n = coPoo (100)

g = P (001)

H = ooP3(130)

J = oo P^ (370)

z = co P 2 (120)

P = co Pi£ (10.19.0)

s = co P (110)

t = co P 2 (210)

c = P co (011)

a = 2 Poo (021)

?/ = P(T11)
d = 2P (221)

6 = — P (111)
6 = — 3P(331)
A =— V-P (19-19.6)
o = 2 P 2(211)
£ = 3 P | (231)
Q = 4 P 2 (241)
r = ;|P f(232)
d = 2 P 2 (T21)
a; = 3 P 3 (T31)
co = — 3P3(131)
@ = 3 P 3 (311)
B = 4 P 4 (111)
k = — 3P3(311)
U = 6 Poo (601)
V = 4 P oo (101)
fc = 2 P oo (201)
t = Poo (101)
A = — 2Pcc(201)*

Of these forms s (oo P), c (P co), a (2 P co ), y (P), u (2 P),
and d(2P 2), were observed on all the crystals examined,

*See Appendix U.

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 7

b ( — P) on all but one, and t (oo P 2) on all but two. Very
commonly present are g (o Pj, h (2 P oo), i (P oc), n (oo P oo),
z (oo P 2), o (2 P 2), e (3 P |), ra (— 3 P 3), and U (6 P oo).
r (f P |) was met with on five, x (3 P 3) and ff ( — 3 P) on four,
Y (4 P oo) and & (3 P 3) on three, fe (— 3 P 3) and X (— 2 P oo)
on two, while H (oo P 3), J (oo P $), P (oo P *%), £ (— V- P).
Q (4 P 2), and B (4 P 4) were found each on but a single crystal.
The largest number of forms met with on any one crystal was
nineteen (Fig. 2, PL I), and the smallest number nine (Fig. 9,
PL III).

The habit of colemanite is from medium to short columnar,
determined by the large development of 8 (oo P). None of the
other lateral faces are ever large. Among the terminal forms
g (0 P), h (2 P oo), b (— P), y (P), v (2 P), c (P oo) and a
(2 P oo) frequently occur largely developed, d (2 P 2) rarely, and
a; (3 P 8) and oo ( — 3 P 3) in but a single instance. The remain-
ing forms, and at times some of those just enumerated, occur
with from small to extremely minute faces replacing the edges
of the more developed forms.

In a general way it may be said of the crystals of colemanite,
that they appear in three different habits, determined by the
considerable or moderate development of g (0 P) and /i(2P oo),
or by their total absence. The two extreme types, at least, are
quite pronounced. In the one (Fig. 1, PL I) g (0 P) and
h (2 P oo ) are very largely developed, while all the rest of the
terminal faces are small. The faces in the zone of the clino-
diagonal polar edge of y (P), (d. y. i.) are very small in cry-
stals of this type, so that, with the gentle inclination of g
(0 P) to the front, and the sharp inclination of h (2 P oo) to
the rear, the crystal assumes a strikingly monoclinic habit.
When, however, g (0 P) and h (2 P oo) disappear entirely, the
forms of the zone d. y. i. at once strongly develop (Fig. 3, PL I).
It then results that, from the curious fact that g (0 P) and
i (P oo) have nearly the same inclination to the vertical axis,
the crystal may assume, with a certain development of the forms,
a strikingly rhombic habit; and in any event one is liable to fall
into error by interpreting i as the basal pinacoid, and g as the
positive hemidome.

8

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

The following angles will make this clear:

g : vert. ax. = 69° 54f
i : vert. ax. = 69 25

c : c

= 126 9

y-y

= 126 21

b :b

= 140 14J

o : o

= 140 22|

a :a

= 89 6J

d : d

= 89 21£

oo:oo

= 85 20i

s : s

= 85 33Jr

c : a

= 161 28|

d :y

= 161 30^

b :oo

= 152 33

o : s

= 152 351

Furthermore in the reversed position, v becomes — 2 3? 2,
h becomes — P oo, Y becomes — 5 P oo, and the following fur-
ther coincidences may be noted:

V

-2P2

v = 108 28J
— 2 P 2 =108 15

h

— P 00

U = 151 58i
— 5 P oo =151 431

V

— 2P2

s = 168 33
co = 168 33

Numerous other coincidences could be traced, but I have
already adduced more than enough to show the necessity for
some caution in interpreting a crystal, whenever the forms of the
zone y : d are well developed. The danger of error in this re-
spect is considerably diminished by the fact that the faces in the
zone y : d are often striated parallel to the edge y : d. When
this striation is not present, one can of course always avoid error
by determining the direction of extinction in a cleavage lamina

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 9

of the doubtful crystal. This direction, as before remarked, lies
in the acute angle of the morphological axes.

As at once appears from an examination of the orthographic
horizontal projections given for each crystal, figured on Pis. I, II
and III, and of the linear projection PL IV, the faces on cole-
manite crystals are finely grouped in zones; moreover, with but
two or three exceptions (/\, a, B) each face occurs in two or
more important zones, thus materially aiding in its determina-
tion. The four most important zonal points in Fig. 11, PL IV, at
once strike the eye; and it is worthy of note that the zonal
point a = 1, b = contains so many traces, while the corres-
ponding point a = — 1, b = 0, contains but one, that of
A (— 2 P oo).

On account of the perfect clinopinacoidal cleavage, many of
the crystals examined have suffered from careless handling. In
Figs. 1, 4, 6, 8 and 10, the large development of m (oo P oc) is
due to this cause. "Wherever m is observable as a natural sur-
face, it is exceedingly small, and in one case only, wanting abso-
lutely.

n (oo P oo) varies in this respect with h (2 P oo), being fairly
developed when h is large, and very small or absent when h is
absent.

H (oo P 3) and J (oo P I) were both observed but once, and as
adjacent faces upon the same crystal-fragment (Fig. 7, PL II).
Both are quite small, and give very poor reflections, whence the
discrepancies, that will be observed in the table on page 16, be-
tween the observed and calculated inclinations of these faces to
the others in the vertical zone. The observed angle H : J=
174° 8' agrees well however with its calculated value 174° 6' 50".

2 (oo P 2) is wanting on but one crystal that is unbroken at its
orthodiagonal extremities; m ( oo P oo) is absent on the same
crystal. On the other hand, z is always very small and gives
poor reflections. On one crystal (Fig. 9, PL III.) the faces of z
and m were merged into a continuous curved surface. In no
other instance was any irregularity of development noticed about
this portion of the crystal; but as we shall see later, it is quite
marked in the region of the edge n (oo P oo) : h (2 P oc).

10 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

P(x P \%) was found on a small cleavage-fragment as a very
narrow face on the edge s (go P): m (go P oo), the latter face be-
ing also very small as a cleavage surface. The reflection from P
took the form of a very broad band of light that entered and left
the field so gradually that no precise points could be fixed upon
as limits. The maximum culmination was symmetrically in the
centre, but neither very bright nor sharply defined, so that an
error of 15' in the recorded reading is quite possible. The fol-
lowing angles will show that |g is probably the correct value of
the coefficient:

s (co P) : P = 162° 9' (observed)

s : P ( = co P }-l) = 161 55 8" (calculated)

8 : P ( = co P £) = 163 24 12

s : P ( == co P 2) = 160 32 10

s (go P) is invariably the only form largely developed in the
zone of the vertical axis. The faces are always bright, but the
reflections often highly complex from the slight want of parallel-
ism in the numerous sub-individuals that make up the crystal.
From four crystals only could faultless reflections be obtained,
and the mean value of s : s from these crystals is 107° 55' 17".
Four other crystals furnished reflections that were single and
only very slightly hazy in outline. Measurements from these faces
were accurate to within one minute, and averaged with the above
result, give as a mean from eight crystals, s : s = 107° 56' 17".
This differs only 8" from the value obtained for this angle in the
crystal first measured, that is, from the value used in the deter-
mination of the axial elements.

I (go P 2) is very generally present with bright faces, but
usually very small.

c (P oo) is never absent and varies from a very small plane
replacing the edge g (0 P) : a (2 P oo), when g (0 P) is large, to
one of the dominant terminal faces.

a (2 P oo) is small in only one instance. On the crystal rep-
resented in Fig. 3, PI. I, it occurs as an exceedingly minute tri-
angular face in the angle of the three faces c, oo, and d. It was
overlooked in the drawing, and in any case would have had to
be considerably enlarged for a drawing on that scale. It was

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 11

just visible with a hand lens, and was recognized by the two
zones c (P a) : c ( ? oo) and s (oo P) : od (— 3 P 3). The faces
of a are almost invariably among the most largely developed of
the terminal planes.

y (P) is never absent and varies greatly in size under the cir-
cumstances explained on p. 7. It is sometimes strongly stria-
ted parallel to the edge y : d, resulting from an oscillatory com-
bination with r (| P §). In one instance this striation is quite
coarse, so that its cause is easily determined. At other times it
is so extremely delicate as to be nearly invisible even with a lens,
and again is absent altogether.

v (2 P), the only other positive hemi-pyramid determined*, is
constantly present and large.

Of the negative hemi-pyramids of the vertical series, b ( — P) is
nearly always present either as a narrow face on the edge g
(0 P) : s (oo P) (Fig. 1, PI. I.) when g (0 P) is large, or as a
more triangular face when g is small or absent, (Fig. 3, PI. I.)

a ( — 3 P) (Fig. 4, PI. II.) was found on four crystals, in three
very small on the edge s (co P) : b (— P) and on the fourth with
one of its faces considerably developed and the other absent. It
is determined by the two zones s (oo P) : b ( — P) and I (oo P 2) :
y (P). For s : <r, the angles 161° 21' ca. and 161° 38' ca. (cal-
culated 161° 29i') and for b : a, 158° 12' ca. 158° 31', 158° 22'
ca. (calculated 158° 24f) were obtained.

^ ( — _Y- p) (Fig. 9, PI. Ill ) was found on but a single crys-
tal. The adjacent face of s (oo P) was broken into several sub-
individual parts, but it was easy to identify the reflection from
that portion of s immediately adjacent to /\\ it was quite sharp,
and admitted good adjustment. The reflection from [\ was sin-
gle, and somewhat blurred at the contact of the two discs which
formed the signal. Three readings from it agreed to within 15",
so that the angle s : /\ = 162° 19' must be regarded as correct.
It is practically identical with the calculated value 162° 19' 5" for
A = — -V- P. One would be inclined to favor the simpler symbol
— 3 P, and regard A as identical with ff ( — 3 P). But the angle
s (oo P) : a ( — 3 P) = 161° 29|' is too far from the observed angle

*See Appendix II.

12 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

of s to A> an d furthermore I have carefully adjusted the zone t
(oo P 2) : y (P) on the goniometer and found that /\ is not in it
as it should be were it identical with a.

o (2 P 2) is never large and is often exceedingly small. It is
easily determined by the zones v (2 P) : h (2 P oo) and c (P oo) :
y (P). It is absent from only five crystals of the twenty-eight
examined.

s (3 P |) is also very common and usually extremely small on
the edge d (2 P 2) : s (oo P). It is determined by the zones d :
s and v (2 P) : h (2 P oo).

Q (4 P 2) is a minute triangular face, found on only one crystal
(represented in Fig. 5, PI. II). This crystal is one of the very
few that are partially developed on both ends. Q is determined
by the zones v (2 P) : £ (3 P |) and a (2 P oo) : x (3 P 3). The
observed angle Q : s = 171° 55' ca. agrees very well with its
calculated value 171° 59'.

r (i P |) (Fig. 2, PI. I.) whenever present is always very mi-
nute on the edge d (2 P 2) : y (P). It is determined by the zones
d : y and v : c. While present as an actual face on only five crys-
tals, it is involved in the striation of y and d on many of the
others.

d (2 P 2), determined by the zones v (2 P) : a (2 P oo) and y
(P) : y (P), is usually present as a narrow face on the edge v : a. It
rarely attains the size represented in Figs. 6, PI. II, and is often
extremely small. When v (2 P) is very small, e (3 P §) absent,
and d comes to intersection with s (oo P), it takes the form of a
very acute lozenge bounded by v, c, a and s. I have already re-
ferred to the striation on this face parallel to the edge d : y.

x (3 P 3), usually very small, attains considerable size but
once (Fig. 2, PI. I). It is determined by the zones d (2 P 2) :
y (P) and a (2 P oo) : s (oo P). From the two faces of x on the
fragment represented in Fig. 7, PI. II, faultless reflections were
obtained, givirig x : x (over plane of symmetry) = 66° 39' 40"
(calculated 66° 47' 10"), a variation from the calculated value
considerably less than that observed between equivalent angles
on different crystals in a number of instances. On the same
fragment was obtained d : x = 168° 42' (calculated 168° 42' 57").

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 13

oo ( — 3 P 3) is determined by the zones a (2 P oc) : s (oo P)
and 2 (oo P 2) : c (P oo ). It is usually a very small face on the
edge a : s, and in one crystal only (Fig. 3, PI. I) attains con-
siderable size. It is also in the zone b ( — P) : m (oo P oo),
and in this zone was measured b : oo = 152° 33' (calculated
152° 33' 1").

fe> (3 P 3) (Fig. 10, PL III,) is a very small face in the zones
y (P) : o (2 P 2) and h (2 P oo) : s (oo P). It was found on one
crystal as a very small face on the edge h : s, and in another as
represented in Fig. 10, but with only one of its faces. It is one
of the rare forms.

B (4 P 4) is still more rare, having been recognized but once
with certainty (Fig. 8, PL III). It is determined by the zones
y (P) : o (2 P 2) and t (oo P 2) : c (P oo). The latter zone was
proved on the goniometer. On the crystal represented in Fig.
10, PL III, the edge & : n is replaced by a very narrow face
(not drawn) that was so roughened that no reflection could be
obtained from it. It agrees in position with, and probably
is, B.

k ( — 3 P 3) was found in three crystals, and is shown in Fig.
1, PL I, and Fig. 6, PL II. It is determined by the zones
c (P oo) : b ( — P) and b ( — P) : s (oo P) (on opposite sides of
the plane of symmetry). In the crystal shown in Fig. 6, PL II,
the faces were entirely dull, in the others very bright, giving
k : 6 = 157° 56' and 158° 0' (calculated 157° 56' 8").

Of the hemidomes, h (2 P oo) is the only one that attains con-
siderable size; the others are all very small.

U (6 P oo) occurs as a small lozenge (Fig. 3, PL I.), when h
and ?i (oo P oo) are absent, and when the latter are present, as a
very narrow face on the edge n : h. It is usually accompanied
by W (4 P oo), developed in a similar manner but showing a
very marked tendency to curvature, which sometimes does and
sometimes does not involve also the face of U. In only one in-
stance could a satisfactory reading be obtained from W, giving
W : h = 159° 13' (159° 13' 50" calculated).

h (2 P oo) I have already referred to as determining with g
(0 P), by enlargement or total disappearance, two somewhat
pronounced types. They are also moderately developed in forms

14 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

intermediate between the extreme types, and both very often give
faultless or nearly faultless reflections.

i (P oo ) is always very small on the edge h (2 P oo) : g (0 P)
(Fig. 1, PL I) or the edge y (P) : y (P) (Fig. 10, PL III), and
is often absent.

A was observed but once (Fig. 10, PL III) as a lozenge-shaped
face in the angle of 6, b, s and s. It is worthy of note that its
trace is the only one passing through the zonal point (Fig. 11,
PL IV) a = — £, b = 0.

I have carefully measured the angles in the more important
zones on twenty-eight crystals with a large Fuess-Babinet goni-
ometer, furnished with two telescopes and Websky's slit as sig-
nal. The results, together with calculated values, are collected
in the following table.

In making up the mean values of the measured angles, all
readings were rejected that were taken from reflections not sin-
gle, or blurred in outline to such an extent that successive read-
ings failed to agree to minutes. When, however, readings were
to be had from imperfect reflections only, such have been given,
and the fact indicated.

It will be observed that the mean value of each of the funda-
mental angles, s : s, h : g, and g : s, agrees remarkably closely
with that obtained from the crystal first measured, and which
had been used in determining the axial elements some time
before the remaining crystals came to hand. Furthermore,
while considerable variation exists between the different values
of each angle obtained from the various crystals, the larger num-
ber of values of each are near the mean, as will be seen from the

following:

s : s = (oo P : oo P) =-. 107° 50' 15"

107 51

107 55

107

55 56

107

56 9

107

58 50

107

59

108

4

Mean 107 56' 16"

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 15

s : g =.(oo P:0P) = 106 D T 0"

106 10 43

106 10 50

106 11

106 11 30

106 12 20

106 15 50

Mean 106° 11' 29"

/i:j = (2Poo:OP)= 111 31' 57"

111 32

111 32 33

111 35 39
111 36
111 36

111 36 28

111 36 40

111 37 5

111 37 7

111 37 17

111 37 30

111 38 24
111 39

Mean 111° 35' 58"

It seemed, therefore, unnecessary to re-calculate the axial
elements with these mean values. It will be noticed that there
is a very fair agreement between the measured and calculated
angles, and also that the variations of the same angle in different
crystals take place both ways from the calculated value in the
greater number of instances.

16

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

s

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g g g g g sMWWKMMbbbbr; »» «» «* nPMAh

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

17

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CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

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CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

23

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24 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

In the following table are contained the angles for each form,
from which the inclination of any two faces on a colemanite
crystal may be calculated. I have taken as the basis for these
calculations the axial elements already given, viz:

a : b : c = 0.774843 : 1 : 0.540998
ft = 69° 50' 45"

In all the positive hemi-pyramids (those lying over the acute
angle ft), let —

X, represent the iuclination of the face of the pyramid to the
plane of the vertical and clino axes (inclination to the plane of
symmetry.

Y, represent the inclination of the face of the pyramid to the
plane of the vertical and ortho axes (inclination to the ortho-
diagonal section).

Z, represent the inclination of the face of the pyramid to the
plane of the lateral axes (inclination to the basal section).

fA, represent the iuclination of the clino-diagonal polar edge to
the vertical axis.

v, represent the inclination of the same edge to the clino-axis.

p, represent the inclination of the ortho diagonal polar edge to
the vertical axis.

a, represent the inclination of the middle edge to the clino-axis.

The angles of the negative hemi-pyramids (those lying over the
obtuse angles of the morphological axes) are represented by the
same characters; only where the angles differ in value from the
corresponding angles of the positive form, an accent is added.
We thus get for the negative hemi-pyramids : X',Y', Z', // and v' .

For the positive hemi-pyramids:

X = 63 10' 33" fx = 69° 24' 57"

Y= 71 43 14 v= 40 44 17

Z = 47 27 18 o- = 52 13 48

p=61 35 12

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 25

V = +2P

X = 5 1° 14' 7" fx = 41° 44' 54"

Y = 52 44 50 y = 68 24 20
Z = 72 37 34 a = 52 13 48

p = 42 44 40

o = + 2P2

X = 70° 11' 22" /< = 41° 44' 54"

Y = 45 25 7 v = 68 24 20
Z = 69 44 30 = 68 49 21

p = 61 35 12

£ = -L-3P

X = 42 46' 45" yu = 41 44' 54"

Y = 59 33 17 v = 68 24 20
Z = 75 31 30 a = 40 42 29

p =e= 31 38 20

X = 34° 45' 39" fx = 41° 41' 54"

Y = 64 49 33 v = 68 24 20
Z = 77 53 15 o- = 32 50 2

p = 24 48 7

X = 52- 47' 13" ix = 69 c 21' 26"

Y = 73 41 40 v = 40 47 48
Z = 52 55 21 (T= 40 42 29

p = 50 56 27

X = 44° 40' 38" fx = 69° 24' 57"

Y = 75 41 59 v = 40 44 17
Z = 57 48 31 a = 32 50 2

p = 42 44 40

« = 4-3P3

X = 33° 23' 35" fx = 69° 24' 57"

Y = 78 51 19 v =40 44 17
Z = 65 21 12 a = 23 16 38

p = 31 38 20

26 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

& =

+

3P3

X = 75° 39' 18"

M = 28° 12' 35"

Y = 31 22 42

v =81 56 39

Z = 82 11 49

0-= 75 31 5
p = 61 35 12

B -.=

+

4P4

X = 79° 2' 17"

p = 20° 58' 44"

Y = 23 33 18

v = 89 10 30

Z = 89 11 24

a == 79 2 13
p = 61 35 12

For the negative hemi-pyrarmc

s:

b

= -

- P

X' = 70° T 10"

// == 42° r 33"

Y' = 45 41 52

• = 27 49 11

Z'=33 43 31

a = 52 13 48
p = 31 38 20

a =

-3 P

X' = 59^ 45' 34"

fx' = 21° 3' 1"

Y' = 36 16 3

v = 48 47 43

Z' = 55 18 44

a = 52 13 48
p — 31 38 20

A =

_ 1 9 p

"T" *

X' = 59° 25' 43"

p£ = 20° 10' 15"

Y' = 36 4 50

k' = 49 40 29

Z' = 56 8 22

a = 52 13 48
p = 30 16 23

00 =

3P3

X' = 42 c 40' 11"

fx' = 42 3 V 33"

Y' = 59 47 54

• = 27 49 11

Z' = 53 10 15

a = 23 16 38
p = 31 38 20

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 27

k = -

-3P3

X' = 79° 0' 12"

/*' = 21° 3' 1"

Y' = 23 38

v' = 48 47 43

Z' = 49 42 37

a = 75 31 5
p = 61 35 12

For the

positive hemidomes:

u.

= + 6 Poo

W = + 4Poo

X = 90° 0' 0"

X = 90° 0' 0"

Y = 13 43 17

Y = 20 58 44

Z = 96 25 57

Z r= 89 10 30

h =

,+ 2Poo

i = -L.F<x>

X = 90° 0' 0"

X = 90° 0' 0"

Y = 41 44 54

Y = 69 24 57

Z = 68 24 20

Z = 40 44 17

For the negative hemidome:

A = — 2 P oo

X'

= 90 J 0' 0"

Y'

= 28 20 12

Z'

= 41 30 33

For the clinodomes:

c = P CO

« = 2Poo

X = 63° 4' 31"

X = 44° 33' 10"

Y = 72 6 34

Y = 76 42

Z = 26 55 29

Z = 45 26 50

For the prisms :

H = oo P3

,7=00 P ?

X = 24° 37' 11"

X = 30° 30' 21"

Y = 65 22 49

Y = 59 29 39

Z = 81 45 46

Z = 79 55 37

28 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

2 = 00 P 2 P = 00 P {§

X = 34° 30' 14" X = 35 53' 12"

Y = 55° 29' 46' Y = 54 G 48
Z = 78 44 43 Z = 78 20 52

s = ooP < = oo P 2

X = 53° 58' 4" X = 70° 0' 49"

Y = 36 1 56 Y = 19 59 11
Z = 73 49 17 Z = 71 6 26

APPENDIX I.

In May, 1884, Prof. Gerhard von Rath, of the University of
of Bonn, Germany, was in San Francisco, and obtained a speci-
men of colemanite which he showed me at the time, stating that
it was given to him as a new mineral, but that its general appear-
ance was so similar to datholite that he was inclined to think it
was that mineral. The matter had passed from my mind when
Mr. Evans brought me his crystal of colemanite, and it was not
until I had finished my examination, and was ready to publish
my preliminary notice, that the identity of the mineral I had
been examining with that shown me by von Rath occurred to me.
I at once sent my results to von Rath, who had in the mean
time arrived at his home from his long American tour. A slight
examination had shown him that his specimen was not datholite.
and he at once proceeded with a crystallographic determination.
When my letter reached him, he had obtained the following
results which he very kindly sent me with permission to publish.
Prof, von Rath's crystal coutained the forms: s (oc P), t (oo P 2),
n (oo P oo), m (oo P oo), g (0 P), h (2 P oo), b (— P), y (P). v (2 P),
c (P oo), a (2 P oo), d (2 P 2), and a (— 3 P). From the funda-
mental angles

s : s (oo P : oo P) = 107° 50'

g :s(0 P : oo P) = 106 16
g :c(0 P : P oo) = 153 4

the following axial elements were determined:

a : h : c = 0.7769 : 1 : 0.54162
j3 = 69° 43' 20"

The following angles were calculated from these elements (a
few measured being added in parenthesis):

6 : n = 134° 22^' v : h = 144° 9 '

b :m = 109 54£ v : y = 154 50£

b : g = 146 18 (meas'd 154 50)

(meas'd 146 17) a : n = 104 4

c :n = 107 59| a : m == 135 27^

30

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

c : b = 153

371

a : g = 134

32^

y : n = 108

H|

(meas'd 134

30)

y : m = 11(5

54

a : c = 1G1

28i

y : gr=l32

29

(meas'd 161

28J)

(meas'd 132

28)

y : d = 161

29

c : y = 143

48|

(meas'd 161

28)

y : s = 121

15

h : w = 138

n

v : n = 127

8|

h : g == 111

331

w : m = 125

51

(meas'd 111

35)

v : gr = 107

19i

y : y= 126

12

(meas'd 107

20)

(measd 126

14)

6 : s = = 139

58

c : c = 126

8

(meas'd 139

58)

(meas'd 126

8)

d : n = = 104

13*

a :n = 143

48|

d : m = 135

25

ff :w = 120

1 ]2.
1J 3

d : g = 122

7

6 : g = 124

57J

i> : s = 14G

241

a :b = 158

39]

(meas'd 146

30)

(meas'd 158

30)

Spec, gravity -= 2.417.

(von Rath.)

Compaiing von Kath's calculated angles and mine with the
mean values, it will be found that for two thirds of those given
by von Ratb, my values are nearer, and for one third his are
nearer the mean value observed. It will be noticed that of
his fundamental angles, two (s : s and c : m) are extremes
among all thus far observed, while his third angle (g : c) agrees
exactly with my calculated value of g : c = 153 4' 3".

I did not include the angles observed by Prof, von Rath in
making up the mean values given in my table, as I was uncertain
about their fulfilling the conditions I had set for securing great
accuracy in all angles entering into the mean values.

Prof, von Rath speaks once more in his letter, concerning the
general resemblance between colemanite and datholite, which
he considers very striking

APPENDIX II.

Since the preceding paper was placed in the hands of the
printer, a few additional specimens of coleinanite have been
received, which have yielded the following - additional forms:

q = 3 P (331)

G = — 7 P (771)

ft = 2 P 4 (412)

Y = 3 Pf (321)
rv = 7 Pf (721)

V = — P oo (101)
W= 3 P oo (301)

q (3 P) was found on a small fragment, showing also faces of
s, v, and y, as a very small face on the edge s (oo P) : v (2 P).
The condition of the face was such that very poor reflections
were obtained. The angles obtained, however, approximate suf-
ficiently close to the calculated values for q = 3 P to leave no
doubt as to the nature of the form

G ( — 7 P) was found on a short columnar fragment with n, t,
<y, b, g, c, a, h and v. Its face was so small, on the edge s : <7,
that reflections could be obtained only with the lens thrown in
front of the telescope. In this way nine readings were made,
varying between 286° 47' and 288 8'. Seven of these readings
lay between the extremes 287 12' and 287 45'. A mean of
them all gave 287 J 30'. With this reading, and very good ones
obtained from the other faces in the zone s, G, a, b, angles were
obtained which approximate fairly well to the calculated values
for G = — 7 P.

ft ( 2 P 4) occurs on a small, brilliant, but very much deformed
crystal, with a, c, y, d, b, s, k, i, h, o, v, t, n, m, and o. k and o
are much more developed than represented on any of the figures
in the plates, while v is very small indeed, ft is in the zone v , o, h,
on the edge o : h as a very narrow face and gives very faint and
blurred, though single, reflections, p : h = 169° 49' circa (169
47' 22" calculated).

32 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

y (3 P|^) and iv (7 P^) occur each with a single face on a small
mutilated fragment showing, in addition, faces of s, t, n, v, o, h,
d and x. y is a very small rhombic face, determined by the
zones v : n and s : o, and replacing the angle formed by these
four faces. It gave a very faint, but single, reflection.

to (7 P^) occurs on the same crystal on the edge and in the
zone y : n. It is extremely minute, barely discernible with the
unaided eye, but easily observed with a low power under the
microscope. It gave reflections on the goniometer only when
the lens was thrown in front of the telescope.

V ( — P oo ) was observed once as a very minute face on the
edge b : b in the zone of the hemidomes. It has nearly the same
inclination to the orthodiagonal section as the positive heini-
doma h (2 Poo). For V, this angle is 42" 1' 33"; for h, it is
41° 44' 54".

W (3 P oc) occurs on a crystal of totally different habit from
those figured in the plates. The form is columnar parallel to
the vertical axis, the front pair of faces of the primitive prism s
being largely developed, while its rear faces are comparatively
small; the only other lateral faces are those of the clinopiuacoid,
which are extremely small. Of the terminal faces, W itself
greatly preponderates over all the others; h (2 P oo) and ® (3 P 3)
are moderately developed, while o (2 P 2), v (2 P), d (2 P 2), y
( — P), c (Poc), and g (o P), are all very small on the edges
of (~), W, and It with the front pair of faces of s (oo P).
All of the negative hemipyramids and hemidomes, togeth-
er with a (2 Poo) and n (oo P oo) are absent. The crystal thus
assumes somewhat of a pointed wedge -shape, the point
lying over the front edge of s : s, and one of the faces of the
wedge consisting almost wholly of W (3 P oo). The face of W is
somewhat curved and delicately striated, the striae radiating
from the lower part of the face. All of the faces on the crystal
are affected more or less with striae, mainly parallel to the plane
of symmetry, or irregular markings. The crystal was broken
from a large geode in massive colemanite, the inner surface of
which is completely lined with crystals of the same habit, all
of which show similar imperfections. The disturbance in the

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

33

growth of the crystal in some instances became so great as to
obliterate all of the terminal edges while preserving the same
peculiar habit of the entire crystal.

One of the geodes just received is of especial interest, from
the fact that it contains crystals of colemanite partially converted
into a dull, snowy white substance, that probably differs from
colemanite only in containing less water. It may prove on ex-
amination to be identical in composition with pandermite, in
which case it would seem that colemanite may be considered the
mother-mineral of pandermite. As already mentioned, pander-
mite is said to occur in large quantities associated with cole-
manite in Death Valley.

Two geodes, recently obtained, altogether surpass in dimen-
sions that mentioned on p. 5. The more beautiful is 0.15 m.
in diameter, and completely lined with brilliant crystals of the
larger dimensions stated on p. 4. The other geode is fully
0.3 m. in diameter; some of the individual crystals are corre-
spondingly larger, but not so clear as those of the former geode.

One irregular fragment of massive colemanite contains a small
fragment of perfect charcoal.

In the following

• table,

I give the

calculated

and observed

angles for the new

forms q (3 P), G (-

7 P), p (2

P 4), y (3 Pf),

w (7 P|), V

(— P oo), and W (3 P oo).

Calculated.

Observ

ed.

n

IV

163

4'

0"

163 c 14'

circa

u

y

141

40

48

141 42

a

w

y

158

36

48

158 28

a

IV

V

144

11

10

144 3

i i

10

d

121

15

1

121 9

c«

IV

a

92

56

42

r

: v

165

34

22

165 34

((

y

d

142

37

13

142 40

<(

r

• a

114

19

54

a

s (front) 171

21

U

171 38

approx.

G

A

170

57

21

G

a

170

7

43

169 56

< i

G

b

148

32

30

148 23

<<

34

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Calculated.

Observed,

G

9

114°

48'

59"

114° 38' approx.

G

y

67

21

41

G

: v

42

11

25

G

9

31

12

G

s (rear

') §

38

16

9

s "

157

26

16

157 approx.

9

V

169

35

169| "

9

y

143

50

19

UU "

9

9

96

23

1

9

b

62

39

30

9

<y

41

4

17

9

• A

40

14

39

9

s (front) 22

33

44

V

A

166

18

39

V

9

152

10

49

V

. i

111

26

32

V

h

83

46

29

V

W

63

19

V

U

55

44

52

V

n (rear) 22

1

34

w

n (front) 28

12

35

w

A

56

32

47

w

V

70

14

8

w

9

98

3

21

98r> approx.

w

. i

138

47

38

w

h

166

27

41

166 30' circa.

w

w

172

46

9

w

u

165

30

42

w

n (rea

•) 151

47

24

p

h

169

47

22

169 49 circa.

p

170

24

170 18 "

p

: v

154

26

45

p

: s

142

59

23

p

m

100

12

38

In the following tables are the calculated values for X, Y, Z,
fx, v, a , and p for the additional forms mentioned in this ap-
pendix.

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 35

q =

= 4-

3 P

X = 52° 30' 40"

fX =

28° 12' 35"

Y = - 45 38 24

V =

81 56 39

Z = 83 36 59

6 ^~

52 13 48

P =

31 38 20

G =

— —

7 P

X'==56°13' 52"

//:

10° 10' 20"

Y' = = 35 5 56

/

V =

59 40 24

Z' ^ 65 11 1

a =

:52 13 48

P

: 14 47 31

P =

+

2P4

X = 79° 47' 22"

fi =

= 41° 44' 54"

Y = 42 45 20

v —

= 68 24 20

Z = 68 45 52

G =

= 79 2 13

P =

= 74 51 40

r =

-- +

3P|

X = 62° 54' 43"

n =

: 28° 12' 35"

Y==38 19 12

v =

81 56 39

Z = 82 49 58

6 —

62 40 51

P =

42 44 40

w =

= +

7 P^

X == 77° 38' 58"

fX =

11 40' 32"

Y.= = 16 56

V =

98 28 42

Z = 81 43 6

a =

77 31 1

P =

42 44 50

V = _ Poo

W

= + 3 Poo

X' = 90° 0' 0"

X =

= 90° 0' 0"

Y ' = 42 1 33

Y =

= 28 12 35

Z' == 27 49 11

Z =

= 81 56 39

The traces for the faces of all of the above forms have been
placed in the linear projection Fig. 11, PI. IV.

Museum of Mineralogy, )

University of California, Berkeley. )

January 1, 1885

36 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

m

=

odPoo (010)

n

=

QOPOO (100)

9

=

P (001)

H

=

oo P 3 (130)

J

=

co P| (370)

2

=

oo P 2 (120)

P

=

co P|£ (10.19.0)

S

=

co P (110)

t

=

co P 2 (210)

c

=

Poo (011)

a

=

2 P co (021)

y

=

P (Til)

V

=

2 P (221)

9.

=

3 P (331)

b

=

- p (in)

a

==-

-3P(331)

A

= -

--V-P (19.19.6)

G

= -

-7 P (771)

==

2P 2(211)

p

=

2 P 4 (112)

£

=

3 P | (231)

r

=

3 P | (321)

Q

=

4 P 2 (241)

r

=

| P f (232)

d

=

2 P 2 (T21)

X

=

3 P 3 (T31)

00

=

— 3P3(131)

(-)

=

3 P 3 (311)

k

=

— 3P3(311)

B

=

4P4(I11)

w

==

7 P | (721)

U

=

6 Poo (G01)

w

=

4 P co (101)

W

=

3 P co (301)

h

=

2 P oo (201)

i

=

P co (T01)

V

=

— Poo (101)

A

= .

— 2 P co (201)

&Q.4.

t~~ni

Fvq.3

1 1

Ml A. IV JACKSON

LIBRARY

Fit) t

Fief ±<

t^-

-^t

V

y

y

y

c

c

b

1 4

t~-

-i

Ft a

:

•

• •

Fitf 7

DEL.fi W.JACKSON

£ Ttfr

Fur. 10

OIL A.tt JACHoUN

BRARV,

-

THE CHEMICAL PROPERTIES and RELATIONS OF COLEMANITE.

BY J. T. EVANS.

At a regular meeting of the Academy held February 4, 1884, I
read a short paper giving simply the results of my analysis of
this new borate — its chemical formula — the angular inclination
of the vertical to the clinodiagonal and measurements of some of
the other more commonly occurring angles. All the determin-
ations embodied under the head " Colemanite," including both
the physical and chemical characteristics were made and verified
by myself.

I have subsequently made repeated analyses of carefully
selected aud beautifully clear crystals of the mineral, and the
results confirm the correctness of my previously published analy-
ses and of the formula deduced.

In the present paper I wish to specify in outline only some of
the experiments made and methods used in the chemical examin-
ation, leaving the further elaboration of the physical character-
istics in the able hands of Mr. Jackson, whose hearty co-oper-
ation I wish here to fully acknowledge.

Preliminary to the following experiments, some of the purest
crystals obtainable were crushed to a very fine powder by
means of an agate mortar and pestle.

A portion of the powder heated in a closed glass tube decrepi-
tates and passes into a very fine dust with simultaneous conden-
sation of a liquid in the cooler portions of the tube. The re-
action of this liquid is neutral; in a word, it is water.

Heated alone before the blowpipe in a loop of platinum wire
or on charcoal, it fuses to a clear transparent glass which is milk
white on cooling.

Heated on platinum wire with muriatic or sulphuric acid, it
gives a yellowish green flame of short duration — a yellowish red
more persistent and a transient soda-yellow flame.

The powdered mineral dissolves readily and completely in
dilute muriatic or dilute nitric acid with the aid of a gentle

\
o

8 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

heat. It is also decomposed by sulphuric acid with the depos-
ition of a white powder which responds to the tests for sulphate
of lime. All these solutions, if not too dilute, deposit flaky
crystals which have the reactions of free boracic acid.

During solution there is no effervescence. The finely pow-
dered mineral is also soluble in strong solution of chloride of
ammonium.

The muriatic or nitric solution of the mineral evaporated to
dryness on a water-bath dissolves on the addition of distilled
water without a trace of residue— (absence of silicic acid).

The nitric solution gives no trace of precipitate with nitrate of
silver (absence of chlorine, iodine or bromine) or with chloride
of barium (absence of sulphuric acid), or with nitromolybdate
solution applied with proper precautions (absence of phosphoric
acid).

The powdered mineral warmed with sulphuric acid gives off
no fumes capable of etching glass (absence of fluorine) — warmed
with ammonia — free solution of potassa gives no ammoniacal
reaction.

From a muriatic solution, diluted and warmed, nothing is pre-
cipitated by sulphurreted hydrogen.

Ammonia added in excess to an acid solution of the mineral
affords a flocculent precipitate of borate of lime, unless the acid
solvent be present in great abundance, in which case the form-
ation of a precipitate is prevented by the solvent action of the
ammoniacal salt generated in the solution. In presence of large
excess of ammoniacal salts, ammonia produces no precipitate.

In these ammoniacal solutions sulphide of ammonium pro-
duces no precipitate, but oxalate of ammonia gives a white finely
granular precipitate of oxalate of lime.

This precipitate contains no baryta or strontia perceptible
even with the spectroscope.

Having separated all the lime as oxalate and all excess of
ammoniacal salts, phosphate of soda gives not a trace of precipi-
tate after brisk agitation of the licpaid and allowing it to remain
at rest for twenty-four hours (absence of magnesia).

The blowpipe test gives slight evidence of the presence of soda.
To determine whether this is present in any appreciable quantity
I made use of the following process.

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 39

One gram of the finely powered mineral was treated with 5 c.
c. pure hydrofluoric acid and 5 c. c. pure strong sulphuric acid
in a large platinum capsule, evaporated cautiously to dryness
and ignited at a dull red heat — the residue boiled with distilled
water repeatedly and the lixivium decanted upon a filter — the
filtrate made slightly ammoniacal and the lime precipitated
therefrom by oxalate of ammonia in slight excess. After standing
for 12 hours, the liquid was decanted upon a Swedish filter and
passed iuto a platinum capsule of known weight — the residue
upon the filter thoroughly washed with boiling distilled water —
the filtrate evaporated to dryness on a water bath — the residue
ignited at a dull red to eliminate the ammoniacal salts and the
capsule weighed. It showed no appreciable increase in weight
and therefore soda is present in mere traces only. This result
was confirmed by a check experiment.

Thus far I have proved the mineral to contain water, lime and
boracic acid. That none of the boracic acid is present in the
free or uncombined state I took the precaution to prove by the
spectroscope.

It now remained to make a careful quantitative estimation of
these three essential constituents.

One gram of the finely powdered mineral weighed in a dry
platinum crucible and heated in a hot- water oven at 100° C. for
one hour suffers no loss. The hygroscopic water is therefore nil.

Estimation of the combined water. One gram of the finely
powdered mineral was heated cautiously over a Bunsen burner
in a tube of hard Bohemian glass about 150 mm. long and 19
mm. dia. Through the tube a current of air dried by passing
through concentrated sulphuric acid, and then through a chloride
of calcium bulb tube, was aspirated. The vaporized water was
collected in a system of previously weighed chloride of calcium
tubes, and their increase of weight noted on a second weighing.

During this process a very characteristic phenomenon takes
place. At a heat below dull red, decrepitation sets in and the
particles of the mineral, however finely pulverized, break up
into a still finer dust, whose particles are so minute as to be
suspended in the air of the tube for some time, and with the

40 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

slightest current flowing through the apparatus, pass over into
the chloride of calcium tubes and ruin the estimation, unless
special precautions have been taken to prevent this occurrence.
I have found it effectual to insert two plugs of recently ignited
asbestos fibre to a distance of about one-fourth the length of the
ignition tube; one at each end, thus confining the mineral in
the middle portion of the tube, where it may be heated to a
bright red without any risk of charring the corks. The plugs
serve as perfect strainers of all the suspended dust, and do not
impede the current.

Two independent experiments gave me the following results
from one gram:

Weight of the Ca CI., tubes after j
absorption of the water )

Weight before absorption

a

b

92.461,

155.992

92,243

155.774

Water .218'-' .218 5

The total combined water is therefore somewhat above 21 T \%.

ESTIMATION OF THE LIME.

One gram of the powdered mineral was dissolved in dilute
muriatic acid, c. p. — solution of oxalate of ammonia (free from
residue) added, and ammonia to alkaline reaction. The liquid
was heated to near boiling and the oxalate added until no
further precipitate appeared even on standing for twenty-four
hours. The clear liquid was decanted through a Swedish filter
of known ash; the precipitate boiled up with successive portions
of distilled water, allowed to stand and the clear liquid decanted
through the filter, repeatedly. Finally the precipitate was
washed into the filter with boiling distilled water and washed
thereon until free from soluble matter. The filter and precipi-
tate was removed from the funnel and dried in a water bath;
the precipitate detached from the filter as thoroughly as pos-
sible — the latter ignited by itself and the ash added to the
precipitate placed in a dry platinum crucible of known weight

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 41

and ignited in a muffle at a bright red until it ceased to lose

weight. The results were as follows:

a b

Pt. cru. -f- CaO + filter ash 24.789' 24.7S9 4

" 24.517 ;> 24.516s

CaO .272 .2729

Two more indej^endent determinations, in which the oxalate
was ignited to carbonate, gave results as follows:

c d

CaC0 3 + Pt. cru. + filter ash 25.099 e 25.096 4

24.615 5 24.611'

CaC0 3 .484i .484 s

Equivalent resjjectively to CaO .271 and .271o.

Two independent determinations as sulphate made by treating
one gram of the powdered mineral with 5 c. c. pure hydrofluoric
acid and 5 c. c. pure sulphuric acid, evaporating cautiously to
dryness and igniting at a dull red heat in a weighed platinum
crucible, gave the following results:

CaSOi + Pt. cru.

a
61.870*

b
31.779s

Pt. cru.

61.212

31.120

CaS0 4 .658 6 .659*

Equivalent respectively to CaO .271= .2717.

The mineral therefore contains somewhat over 27% lime.

Taking the average of the experimental results and calling the
remainder anhydrous boracic acid, we have the following for the
percentage composition of the mineral:

Lime (CaO) 27.175

Anhydrous boracic acid (B. 2 3 ) [50.990]
Water (H 2 0) 21.835

100.000

42 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

CALCULATION OF FORMULA.

27.175 ^56 = .485 50.99 -=- 70 = .7284 21.835 -=- 18 = 1.213

The ratios of the lime, anhydrous boracic acid and water are
then respectively —

.485 : .7284 : 1.213, or as 1 : 1.5 : 2.5 as 2 : 3 : 5

The formula is therefore 2 CaO 3 B 2 3 + 5 H,0, or Ca 2 B 6 O n
+ 5 H,0.

Its nearest relations are panderinite 2 CaO 3 B>0 3 -{- 3 H.O
and priceite 3 CaO 4 B 2 3 -f- 6 H 2 0. In the ratio of the lime to
the anhydrous boracic acid (2 : 3) it is identical with the former
and differs from it in the solitary item that it contains two
molecules more water than panderrnite.

A knowledge of this close relationship leads very naturally to
the query, Is pandermite an altered or derivative form of cole-
manite?

San Francisco, January 1, 1885.

JBRARY,!

BULLETIN

CALIFORNIA

AGADEM

n

KJ ±-

\

No. 3.

February, 1SS5.

CONTENTS.

PAGE.

New Lepidoptera. H. H. Behr, M. D 61

Biological Synopsis of California Lepidoptera. H. H. Behr, M. D 63

Studies in the Botany of California and Parts Adjacent. Edward Lee

Greene 66

List of the Plants described by Dr. Albert Kellogg and Dr. H. H. Behr.

Mary K. Curran . . 128

Descriptions of Some California Plants. Mary K. Curran 151

Some New Species of the Geuus Astragalus. Edward Lee Greene 155

Fungi of the Pacific Co ist. H. W. Harkness 159

Notes on Nomenclature. H. W. Harkness 176

ISSUED MMRCH 7th, 1BBS,

BEO. SFAUl 3 NOJi OO. PBS. 414 CLAY ST. S. F.

***i

BULLETIN.

No. 3.

California Academy of Sciences.

[February, 1885.]

NEW LEPIDOPTERA.

BY H. H. BEHR, M. D.

NOCTUIDiE.

Fam. COSMIDiE.

Gen. EUPERIA, Gn.
E. Sambuci.

Ala> antica? pallidas, saspius virentes; linea mecliaua inte-
riore ter arcuata; exteriore rectiuscula seel apicem versus
refracta; umbra ex apice ad medium margiuem posticum
spectante, sed eum non attiugente. Alas posticas pallidas.

Species variat speciminibus erubescentibus, res satis fre-
auens in insectis virentibus.

Larva adulta grisescens; lineis atris reticulatis marmorata;
linea dorsali nee non stigmaticis laete flavis. Larva junior
non differt signaturis sed solo colore virente. Vivit mensi-
bus Junio et Julio prope San Francisco et in aliis locis circa
sinum Sti Francisci inter folia Sambuci glaucas occulta, quas
filis connectit. Larva vorax ne sodalibus quidem parcens.

Gen. ATETHMiA, Hb.
A. canescens.

Species maxime variabilis, quapropter describam e varie-

tatibas duas, qua? maxime distant, et inter se omnes inter-

medias recipiunt.

Var. I.

Fere unicolor. Ala? anticas pallescentes. Linea? medianas

62 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

paululum dilutiores, sed bene distinct*, ad marginem pos-
ticum convergentes, spatiuni trapezoideum includentes, in-
terior omnino recta, exterior apicem versus paulum arcuata.
Macula orbicularis puncto uno obscuriori, reniforinis punctis
duobus obscurioribus distincta, nee non apex extra lineam
medianam puncto obscuriori signatus. Ala? postica3 Can-
didas.
Yar. ii.

Alae anticae pallescentes. Linear median a) umbra conso-
ciatse, interior extus, exterior intus, ita ut spatiuni trapezoi-
deum distincte definiatur.

Puncta duo macube reniformis confluentia.

Punctum apicale in umbram solutum;

Larvas monnullas Julio mense prope Belmont oppidum
in Quercu Kelloggiana inveni, quas accuratius observasse
quantopere moereo, quia Generis Atethmire larvae hucusque
ignota?.

Sed Cosmise speciem aliquam expectavi orturam e larvis
Cosmia3 Trapezina) Europaeae tarn similibus. Moris tantum
vivendi inter folia filis conjuncta, coloris viridis nee non
pupae pruina obtectas memor sum.

Gen. ANARTA, Ochsen.
A. Minvuli.

Abe anticae nigrescentes, lineis ordinariis confusis et par-
um distinctis marginem versus clarioribus, linea subtermi-
nali ad angulum posticum in maculam expansa.

Alas posticae luteal, margine nigro bene distincto praeditse,
lunula discoidali carentes.

Alae cunctae subtus ut supra, signaturis tantum anticarum
magis confusis.

Larvam invenit illustrissima Domina Curran, ob investig-
tiones botanicas Celebris, prope Reno oppidum Nevada) in
Eunano Tolmiasi, Antirrliino Kingii aliisque plantis alpinis
Mimulo Scropliulariaeque cognatis.

Larva ei Anarta? Myrtilli Europaeae simillima. colore tamen
et signaturis magis varibilis.

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 63

BIOLOGICAL SYNOPSIS OF CALIFORNIA LEPIDOPTERA.

BY DR. H. H. BEHR.

The subjoined statement is an attempt to give, in a con-
densed form, those facts in regard to the habits of our Lepi-
doptera which are equally of interest to the student, the
collector, the agriculturist, and horticulturist.

With a very few exceptions the various transformations
noted have been observed by the writer. In the remaining
cases he has relied upon the statements of entomological
friends, and he takes this opportunity to return thanks to
E. H. Stretch, Oscar T. Baron, Hy. Edwards, J. J. Rivers,
James Behrens, and L. E. Ricksecker, for their kind assist-
ance.

In the first column is given the name of the insect; in the
second the food plant; in the third its frequency, and where
it is in sufficient numbers to be destructive whether it is an
epidemic or endemic pest; in the fourth the period of the
imago. If more than one, it is expressed by the figures 2
or co ; if only one, it is Vernal if it appears before the
flowering of iEsculus Oalifornica, iEstival if during the pe-
riod of its flowering, and Autumnal if appearing that period.

The writer has sufficient reason for this method of classi-
fication, in the fact that in the part of California where these
facts were collected the appearance of species is by no
means rapid, and extends over a longer period than in coun-
tries with well defined seasons. Where there are two gener-
ations they are of course perceptibly Vernal and Autumnal.

The last column shows in what form the species hyber-
nates.

Taking into consideration the fact of the comparative
newness of the country, and that all the observations have
been made by but seven entomologists, the proportion of
those whose biology is more or less known, is not so very
unfavorable.

64

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Name.

Danais Plexippus, L. .
Hipparchia Boopis.Behr
Coenenympha Californi-

ca, Doubl

Argynnis Calippe, Bois. .
Phyciodes' Mylitta, W.

H. Edw

Phyciodes prateusis,

Behr

Melitaja Palla, Boisd. . .

" Chalcedon.Doub

" Quino, Behr . .
Editha, Boisd.
" Leanira, Feld.
Grapta Satyrus.W. H.Ed
Zephyrus, "

Vanessa Cal if 'nica, Bois

Milberti, Godt.
Antiopa, L

Cardui, L

Carye, Hub

Huntera, Fabr
Junonia Coenia, Hub. . .
Limenitis Lorquiui.Bois
Adelpha Bredowii, Hub

Thecla Halesus, Cram. .

Melinus, Hub. . .

" dumetorum.Bois

Polyommatus Xantho-

ides, Boisd

Polyommatus Hetero-

uea, Boisd

Lyca?na Piasus, Boisd. .
Pheres,
" Acmon, Doubl
Pieris Protodice, Boisd

" Rapae, L ,

Napi, L

Meganostoma Eurydice
Boisd

Food Plant.

Asclepiadese .
Aveua fatua.

Poa annua

Viola pedunculata .

Cnicus occidentalis.

Occurrence.

Artemisia vulgaris

Scrophulariacea;

( Scrophulariaceae )

t Caprifoliacea; (

Castilleia attinis

Orthocarpus pusillus . . .

Castilleia attinis

Urtica holosericea

Rhododendron occiden
tale

Ceanothus thyrsiflorus.

Urtica holosericea.
Salix, Populus

f Urticaceas ..
1 Malvacese . .
(.Compositse.

I Urticacese. .
- Malvacere . .

(.Composite .
Composite ..

Heniizonia

.Salix..

Quercus Kelloggii

Phoradendron rlaves-

cens

Rosa Calif ornica

Hosackia glabra

Hemizonia..

Colias Chrysotheme, Esp

Antocharis Ausouia,

Hub

Antocharis Sara, Boisd .
Parnassius Clodius Men
Papilio Philenor, L. . .

" Zolicaon, Boisd

Eurymedon, "
" Rutulus, "

" Daunus, "

Pamphila campestris,

Boisd

Hesperia Syrichthus,

Fabr

Hypopta Riversii,

Stretch

Ctenucha brunnea,

Stretch

Eriogonum

-Esculus Californica. . .
Lupinus Chamissonis .

Hosackia glabra

Cruciferas ,

Amorpha Californica. .
Trifolium tridentatum .

Cardamine paucisecta.

f'heiranthus asper

Vitis Caliiornica

Aristoluchia Californica
I (Enanthe Calif'uica")
Angelica tomentosa r
( Carum Kelloggii. ... )
Rhamnus Californica. . .

Amygdalacere

f Prunus demissa. . .. \_
\ Ptelea angustifolia ? j

Brizopyrum spicatum . .

Sidalcea humilis

Lupinus (roots).
Carex, sp

Frequent.
Local.

Frequent.
Local.

Frequent.

Local.

Frequent.

Local.
Usually rare, but
sometimes epi-
demic and mi-
gratory.
Local.
Common.

Common, some
times epidem-
ic and i nigra
tory.

Common.

Rare.

Common.

Rare.

Common.

Local.

Rare.
Common.

Local.
Common.

Local.
Common.

Local.
Common.

Local.
Common.

Local.
11

Common.
Rare.
Local.

Generation.

^Estival.

2
^Estival.

2

^Estival.

Vernal.

^Estival.

Autumnal.

00

CO
00

^Estival.

iEstival.
2

^Estival.

Vernal.

2

2

2

Vernal.

Vernal.

2
Vernal.

2

1

2
j

Autumnal.

Hybernation.

Egg.

Egg.
Larva.

Egg.

Larva.

•>

Larva,
v

f Imago, >
l Egg. J

( Pupa, )
\ Egg. |

Egg.
?

9

Egg.
j

Egg.
Egg.

9

Egg.

V

9

Egg.

( Imago,")
< Egg. V
t Fupa, J

Pupa.

Pupa.

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

65

Name.

Scepsis fulvioollis, Walp

PkryganidiaCalifornica,
Pack

nigrum.

Codiosoma

Stretch.
Codiosoma fulvuni

Stretch

Halesidota sobrina,

Stretch

Halesidota Agassizii,

Pack

Halesidota Edwardsii,

Pack

Seirarctia Clio, Pack . . .
Cistheue nexa, Boisd. ..

" Faustinula "
Epicallia virginalis, " ..
Leucarctia Isabella, Sen

" Acraa.Drury

Arachnis picta, Packard
Spilosoma Vestalis, "
Antarctia vagans, Boisd
Arctia Achaia, Grate. . .

Leptarctia Lena, Boisd.
Orgyia vetusta. Boisd. .

Sphinx quinque - macu-

lata, Haw

Sphinx Carolina, L.

Food Plant..

Eleocharis

J Quercus agri olia. . . "|

< lnbata *

(. " Kelloggii.J

Low herbs

Pseudotsuga Douglasii .
Salix, Alnus

Quercus agrif olia

Asclepias Mexicana, Cav
Lichens

Lupinua arboreus ,
Low herbs

Deilephilalineata, Fabr

Philarapelos A chaemon,
Drury

Srneriuthus opthalmi-
cus, Boisd

Smerinthus Imperator,
Strecker

Arctonotus lucidus.Bois

Telea Ceanothi, Behr.

Pseudohazis eglanter-
ina, Boisd

Herndeuca Nevadensis,
Stretch

Clisiocampa sp

sp

Dicranura paradoxa,
Behr. (Ined)

Notodonta Californica,
Stretch

Lupinus Chamissonis. . .

Megarrhiza Californica.

Lupinus arboreus

Low hertis

( Hosackia glabra )

< Croton Californicus j
s Quercus agrifolia.. . )
( Lupinus arboreus.. )

SoIanaee;e

(Onagraoeae ...
) Portulaca
i rolygonum . .
(.Vitis vinifera.

Vitis vinifera. . .

Salix, Populus.

f Arbutus Menziesii. . "|
< Arctostaphylos pun- -

I gens )

' Ceanothus thyrsif- 1

lorus

■,' Rhaiunus Calif'nica \
I Heteromeles arbuti-

l folia J

( Rosaceie ~) C.'\

Rhamnus r e I

I Salix j s-g. I

3 a J-

Salix •" g

Forest trees « |

Quercus lobata ... » J

Salix

Occurrence.

Local.

f Common, )
( Endemic. J

vEstival.

Rare.

Common.

Rare.
Common.

Local.

Common.

Rare.

Common.

Local.

Common.

Generation.

Rare.

Local.

Common,

Local.

Common.

Local.

Rare.

^Estival.

00

9
?
J

2

^Estival.

2
2

.(Estival.

2
^Estival.

Vernal.

^Estival.

( Autumnal, 1
(. Epidemic. )'

2 )

1 Epidemic. f

f Autumnal, )

(. Epidemic, )

Hybernation.

Vernal.

Autumnal.

f Vernal, I

1 Endemic. J

Vernal.

^Estival,

j Imago, )
( Pupa, i

Pupa.

h
Larva.

Larva.
.( Egg, I
t Pupa. (

Larva.
Pupa.
Laiva.

Egg.
Pupa.

Egg.

Pupa.

Egg.

66 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

STUDIES IN THE BOTANY OF CALFORNIA AND PARTS

ADJACENT.

BY EDWARD LEE GREENE.
I.

VANCOUVERIA. •
V. chrysantha.

A foot high, more villous than V. hexandra, with finer
hairs, leaves of more coriaceous texture, obscurely 3-anglecl
or lobed, the angles emarginate : scape exceeding the leaves :
raceme few-(lf) — 15)flowered: pedicels stout: nowers large,
golden yellow, nodding: bractlets linear-oblong: ovary
densely glandular, pubescent: fruit not .seen.

Coast mountains of Oregon, on about the forty-second
parallel, Thomas Howell, June 8th, 1884.

A welcome addition to a genus hitherto supposed to be
monotypical. The deep yellow flowers are more than thrice
the size of those of the original and more common species.
The pubescence is also different. That of V. hexandra is
much less in quantity, shorter, and the hairs, under a lens,
are seen to be flat and twisted, as well as strongly glandular.
There is, moreover, no trace of hairs or glands on the ova-
ries of that species.

ESCHSCHOLTZIA.

A careful study of these plants as they grow wild on our
plains and hillsides, has brought to light some good charac-
ters in the shape, degree of expansion and persistency of
the petals. For example, in all save one of the species they
persist for two or more days, opening each morning and
closing at nightfall, while in the exceptional species they
are very fugacious, hardly to be found adhering to their
receptacle after nine or ten o'clock in the morning. In
about half the species the corolla does not expand beyond
the funnelform or broadly campanulate; in the rest it un-

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 67

folds to nearly or quite the rotate. In one the petals are
comparatively narrow, their margins not meeting when the
flower is fully open; in all the rest they are broad, and over-
lap each other when expanded.

The torus does not appear to have been at all carefully
examined by any of the authors who have written upon the
genus. It has commonly been described as being either
simply turbinate, or as dilating to a broad rim. The true
state of the case is this: the upper portion has always two
distinct rims, the inner always short, thin, scarious, nerved
or nerveless, and usually erect. Outside of and below this
is a separate one, generally more herbaceous, aud this in
two or three species is very broad and conspicuous; but in
others it appears as a mere fleshy ring, or is more rarely
thin and hyaline, like the inner one.

Due attention has been given to the characters of the
seed; bat these have not been found to be of greater value
than those of the corolla and the torus. As a rule the seeds
are perfectly globular, with a black or very dark brown
testa, which, under a good lens, appears scrobiculate in all
the species. The coarser and usually angular reticulation
of lighter color, which marks the seeds of most species, is
wholly wanting in those of a new one from the Mohave
Desert, while in an old one not of late recognized as a spe-
cies, but now restored, this appendage takes not the form of
reticulation, but rather of scattered, pyramidal, or often
flattened, strap-shaped processes, which in some specimens
are so dense as to entirely hide the testa and give the seed
the appearance of a burr. The seeds of a new species from
the peninsula of Lower California are exceptional in being
perceptibly elongated and having an apiculation at each end.
Those of the new one from the Mohave are peculiar not only
in their lack of reticulations or other apppendage, but in
being deeply pitted and of an ash-gray color.

The Eschscholtzias are far from being always smooth.
Half the species are more or less hairy or scabrous; but all

68 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

are glaucous. The root is perennial in two species, one of
which is the type of the genus. The remainder are annual;
and even those truly perennial often flower, like annuals,
when only a few months old.

The following arrangement of the species is respectfully
submitted, in hope that it may be found helpful to all who
may be interested in the further study of these brilliant and
most characteristic plants of the Pacific Coast.

# Petals broad, overlapping each other in the open flower,
persistent for two or more days.

+- Corolla funnelform to widely eampanulate, i\ever rotate-
expanded.

4-h- Outer margin of the torus forming a broad, herbaceous,
spreading rim.

E. Californica, Cham.

Perennial, very smooth and slightly glaucous: stems
usually weak and decumbent, freely branching: petals an
inch or two long, yellow with an orange spot at base, or
more commonly brilliant orange throughout: inner margin
of the torus short, thin and nerveless : seed with prominent
favose reticulations. — Watson, Bot. Cal. I. 22.

Common from the sandhills along the seaboard to the
foothills of the Sierra. The stouter, more erect, less branch-
ing form, with the largest and most deeply colored corollas,
belongs to the interior, extending northward to Oregon and
Washington, where it is known as the var. Douglasii, Gray;
but it does not seem to merit even a varietal name.

E. peninsular is

Annual, smooth and glaucous, slender, erect, much more
branched than the preceding, with corollas of one third the
size and more broadly eampanulate: rim of torus broader in
proportion, the inner margin a very short, nerveless, hyaline
ring: seed slightly elongated and distinctly apiculate at each
end, reticulations less regularly favose.

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 69

Mountains of the peninsula of Lower California, collected
by Mr. C. R. Orcutt, July, 1884.

A very freely branching species with the habit of E. mi-
mdiftora, but more nearly allied to E. Calif arnica.

•s-+ ++ Torus without conspicuous rim.

E. Mexicana.

Annual, smooth and glaucous : foliage less finely dissec-
ted: stems short: peduncles numerous, stout and scape-like:
petals an inch long, yellow or cream color: torus short, ob-
conical, the outer margin a sub-cartilaginous ring, the inner
erect, scarious, with stout nerves: seed globular apiculate,
with coarse but rather faint reticulations. — E California i,
var. parvula. Gray. PI. Wright, 2. 10. E. Douglasii,
Torr. Mex. Bound, 31; Heinsl. Biol. Cent. Am.

This plant ranges from the region of the upper Gila, in
New Mexico, far southward into Texas and adjacent Mexico,
and is apparently a very good species.

E. Austinae.

Perennial: stems slender, erect and branching, hirsute
below, only sparingly scabrous, or sometimes quite smooth
above: segments of the leaves slender and remote: petals
yellow, an inch long: torus almost cylindrical, only a little
widened above, the outer margin a faint, herbaceous ring,
the inner deeper and hyaline: seeds with conspicuous but
irregular reticulations.

Collected in Butte County, 1883, by Mrs. R. M. Austin;
also in the same year, further down the Sacramento Valley,
near Elmira, by Mrs. Curran. Doubtless a common species
of the region, and one which, in the collections, would nat-
urally be put in with E. Californica by those who disregard
the importance of the character of the torus.

I gladly dedicate the species to one of the most intelligent
and helpful of our field students of California botany.

The hirsute, or sometimes chiefly short, scabrous pubes-

70 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

cence, often extending even to the calyx, is wholly wanting
in the smaller of Mrs. Austin's specimens, which are never-
theless distinguishable from E. Californica by the torus, and
by the seeds, which are less regularly reticulate than in
that species.

-i — E- Corolla rotate-spreading ; annual species, ivith the two
margins of the torus similar and closely approximate.

E. tenuifolia, Beuth.

Sparingly hirsute-scabrous: stems very short: leaves sub-
radical, their lobes few, long and linear-filiform, or more
numerous, shorter and a little wedge-shaped: peduncles
scape-like, very slender and exactly quadrangular : petals a
half inch long, usually pale yellow, never orange : seeds not
reticulated, but more or less clothed with prominent tuber-
culations, or even ligulate projections — .E. ca3spitosa, and E.
hypecoides, Benth.

Common on the western slope of the Sierra Nevada. It is
not improbable that E. ccespilosa will also have to be restored
on the strength of the characters of the seed alone. Our
material is not yet sufficient however to fully warrant such
action.

E. glyptosperma.

Wholly glabrous and very glaucous: stems very short:
leaves much dissected, but short and compact: scape-like
peduncles numerous, six inches high, terete, and rather
stout: corolla as in the preceding species, but of a deeper
yellow : seeds not reticulate, but deeply pitted and of an
ash-gray color.

A most peculiar species, collected in 1884, by Mrs. Cur-
ran, on the Mohave Desert. The seeds are remarkably un-
like those of any other known Eschscholtzia.

E. minutiflora, Watson.

Smooth and very glaucous, a foot or more high and much
branched : corolla 3 lines broad, greenish yellow : double

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 71

character of margin of torus hardly perceptible: seeds retic-
ulate— Proc. Am. Acad. XL 122, and Bot. Cal. I. 23.

The description of this species is drawn from specimens
brought from the Mohave Desert. I have seen none from
any of the more easterly localities.

# * Petals narrower, their margins not meetiny ivlien open,
fugacious.

E. rhombipetala.

Tuberculate-scabrous throughout and glaucous: stems
with stout, depressed branches: peduncles quadrangular,
stout, little exceeding the sub-radical leaves: petals rhom-
bic-ovate, a half inch long, fugacious : capsules 3 — 4 inches
long, nearly equaling the peduncles: torus cylindrical, be-
coming scarious above, the two margins alike, and easily
distinguishable: seeds large, the reticulations very distinctly
and regularly honeycombed.

A most distinct and peculiar species found chiefly in the
lower San Joaquin Valley, but also observed by Mrs. Cur-
ran in Colusa County. Most of our specimens in the herba-
rium want the petals, it being impossible to obtain them
unless the collecting is done in the early part of the day.

The peculiar roughness of the plant extends even to the
capsules, and is conspicuous on the angles of the peduncles.
The pods and seeds are as large as in the rankest forms of
E. Californica, although the entire plant is very much
smaller than even the middle sized specimens of that species.

HETERODRABA. Nov. Gen. Cruciferarum.

Sepals equal. Petals minute or wanting. Style hone. Silicle
short-elliptical, twisted, indehiscent, by a very hlmy parti-
tion 2-celled: valves flat, nerveless. Seeds 3 — 5 in each cell,
in two rows: cotyledons accumbent. A Calif ornian annual,
leafy at base, with long, horizontal and nearly prostrate,
racemose branches, evidently near to Draba, from which it

72 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

differs in its indehiscent pods, on short reflexed pedicels,
and its dissimilar habit.

H. unilateralis.

Hirsute-pubescent with branching hairs: leaves obovate,
with cuneate base | — 1 inch long, sparingly toothed toward
the apex : branches from a few inches to more than two feet
long, spreading horizontally, flowering and fruiting through-
out their entire length: pods 2 lines long, 1% lines wide,
with some stout, straight bristles besides the stellate pubes-
cence, in maturity twisted: pedicels hardly a line long, stout
and deflexed. Draba unilateralis, M. E. Jones, Bull. Tori*.
Club, IX. 124.

Abundant in certain localities from Colusa County, Cali-
fornia, southward to the peninsula, where it was first collect-
ed by Mr. Jones in 1882. It is especially common in the
wheat lands of the lower San Joaquin Valley, as well as still
farther northward.

The long, wiry, nearly prostrate branches, with their
pods all turned downwards, the valves of the latter break-
ing anywhere else more readily than along what should be
the natural line of dehiscence, forbid our thinking of the
plant as congeneric with even the annual species of Draba.

ATHYSANUS. Nov. Gen. Cruciferarum.

Sepals equal. Petals small or none. Style very short. Sili-
cle orbicular, not margined, indehiscent, flat, nerveless, 1-
celled, 1-seeded. Cotyledons accumbent. Annual, leafy at
base, strongly resembling the preceding genus: branches
slender, erect-spreading or trailing, racemose; their nu-
merous pods hanging earthwards on short filiform pedicels.

A. pusillus.

Herb of about half the size of Heterodraba, but with the
same habit, foliage and pubescence, save that the leaves are

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 73

more conspicuously toothed, and the bristles of the pod
uncinate. — Tftysanocarpus pusillus. Hook. Icon. t. 42.
Torr. & Gray. Fl. N. Am. I. 119. Hook & Am. Bot.
Beech. 324. Watson, King's Hep. V. 31, and Bot. Cal. I. 49.
T. oblongifolius. Nutt. Torr. & Gray 1. c.

Without any hesitancy do I separate this very common
plant from the beautiful genus, Thysanocarpus, of which it
has neither the habit, nor the technical character. The
stems of Thysanocarpi are firmly erect, and simple up to
where they part into several racemose branches which are
also erect. Their leaves are in a radical, rosnlate tuft mostly,
and their pubescence is simply hirsute, none of the hairs
being forked even, much less stellate. Their pods consist
of strongly plano-convex, completely indehiscent, cartilagi-
nous nutlets, the widely radiating fibres of which are connect-
ed by a hyaline membrane, thus forming a broad, encircling
wing. Athysanus has its pods not only marginless, but the
firm, slightly woody interior part, so far from combining
inseparably into a solid shell, consists of two slightly,
although equally convex valves which separate from one
another completely, when moisture and warmth have caused
the swelling of the seed. The fruit is therefore less worthy
of being described as indehiscent than is that of Hetero-
draba, in which the valves, even when soaked, separate less
regularly and less readily.

Should further and more careful examination of fresh and
immature specimens reveal in any instances more than one
ovule, so that the pods would need to be described as by
abortion 1-seeded, an event which I half anticipate, inasmuch
as it occurs in some foreign genera of cruciferoe, then would
Athjsanus be fairly reducible to Heterodraba, which it looks
so exceedingly like, but from which it is, for obvious struc-
tural reasons, at present deemed needful that it shall be
held distinct. The place for these two genera would seem
to be near each other, between Alyssum and Draba, as rela-
tives of them, although anomalous by their nearly or quite
indehiscent pods.

74 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

CARDAMINE.
C. cuneata.

Glabrous throughout; perennial from small tubers; ratlier
slender, erect, about a foot high, simple: radical leaves 3 — 4
inches long, two thirds as wide, 5 — 7-foliolate; leaflets ovate,
irregularly few-toothed or -lobed, a half inch or more long,
cuneate, tapering to slender petiolules of greater length,
some of these with a pair of secondary leaflets at base; cau-
line leaflets 5 — 9, linear-cuneiform, entire: petals white,
drying purplish: pods unknown.

Collected only by the writer, March, 1884, in the interior
of Monterey County on mountain sides near Jolon.

The species is nearest the common C. paucisecta, differing
from it mainly in the very peculiar, large, flaccid, pinnately-
or commonly somewhat bipinnately-parted radical leaves.
The habitat is dry ground, under oak trees, such as C. pau-
cisecta usually affects. G. Breweri, the other species, to
which it stands related, grows in water.

SIDALCEA.

A SYNOPSIS OF THE SPECIES.

* Perennial.

-s- Root not tuberous.
S, Candida, Gray.

Stems 12 — 18 inches high, erect and simple, from a creep-
ing rhizome : glabrous except some sparse hirsute hairs be-
low and a minute ciliolation of the leaf-margins: lower leaves
orbicular, 7-lobed, sinus closed, lobes rounded, coarsely
3 — 5-crenate or -incised; the upper about 5 — 7-parted, seg-
ments lanceolate, entire : raceme short and dense, glandular-
tomentose: lobes of the calyx ovate, abruptly pointed: co-
rolla white : carpels smooth and glabrous. — PI. Fendl. 24.
Watson, Bot. King. V. 46.

Rocky Mountains of Colorado and New Mexico, at consid-
erable elevations, by streams and in springy places, but

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 75

rather rare. The only white flowered species, the rest being
rose or purple.

S. malvaeflora, Gray.

Stems 2 — 4 feet high, erect or a little decumbent, mostly
solitary, from a fusiform root : hirsute below, and on the
calyx and pedicels : short, stellate pubescence wanting : leaf-
margins ciliate : radical leaves orbicular with open sinus and
5 — 9 shallow, crenate-incised lobes : the uppermost cauline
5 — 7 -parted into linear, entire segments: raceme mostly sol-
itary, virgate : pedicels erect, twice the length of the calyx,
the lobes of which are broadly ovate, acuminate: carpels
smooth, depressed. PL Wright. I, 16. S. Neo-3fexicana,
Gray. PI. Fencll. 23.

We have no Sidalcea specimens from any part of Califor-
nia or the regions northward which are not pretty readily
distinguishable specifically from this plant of Colorado,
New Mexico and Arizona. It is to be hoped that the Sida
malvcefiora, M09 & Sesse, of Mexico is really the same
thing; but otherwise the name S. Neo-Mexicana is to be re-
stored to this. In the Plantae Wrightiame it is said to
attain the height of eight feet, which I am less disposed to
regard as an exaggeration, since Dr. Rusby's specimen from
the northern part of Arizona measures more than four feet,
and has cauline leaves eight inches in diameter.

-5 — s— Root tuberous-enlarged; stems mostly clustered and de-
cumbent at base.

++ Pubescence (as in the two preceding species) hirsute only.

S. humilis, Gray.

Hispid-hirsute especially on the pedicels and calyx : stems
stout, ascending, simple, about a foot high: radical leaves
round, with open sinus; cauline 5 — 7-parted, their segments
obtuse, 3-lobed at apex: raceme long and loose: petals ob-
cordate, fully an inch long, rose-purple: pedicels stout:

76 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

calyx large, enclosing about 7 large, much depressed, dis-
tinctly reticulated carpels. — PI. Fendl. 20. Brewer & Wat-
son, Bot. Cal. I. 84.

Abundant in all parts of California lying near the sea,
doubtless also in like situations to the northward; albeit the
few specimens which have come to us from Oregon, bearing
this name, are of a quite distinct species. The best marks
of this one are the stout, decumbent stems and broad calyx,
with correspondingly large, depressed carpels.

-*"»- -i-5- Pubescence of two kinds; hirsute and stellate.

S. spicata.

Equably hispid-hirsute throughout, the hairs simple and
not deflexed, stellate pubescence sparse, mostly confined to
the under surface of the leaves, and to the calyx, where it is
minute : stems 2 feet high, strict and simple, or with a few
short branches above : lowest leaves orbicular, sinus narrow
or closed, lobes and teeth shallow and well rounded; cauline
parted into 7, variously incised, or often linear, entire seg-
ments : raceme short, spicate-crowded : petals deeply notch-
ed, about J inch long, pinkish: pedicels very short: calyx
thin, very hairy, its lobes ovate, acute or acuminate: carpels
small, depressed, pubescent but not reticulate. — Cisco,
Sierra Nevada, Cal. 1870. Dr. Kellogg. Also from near
Donner Lake, 1883, Mrs. Curran.

The herbage of this species is of a peculiar, light green,
and is of a thinner texture than in the other members of the
perennial group. It may or may not be the Callirhoe spicata
of Kegel, neither the figure of which, nor any description,
has been accessible to me, but no other Sidalcea has its ra-
cemes condensed into the appearance of a short spike, if we
except the annual species at the end of this synopsis.

S. campestris.

Bristly hairs of the stem abundant, forked from the very
base and deflexed: leaves soft beneath with a stellate pubes-

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 77

cence, wliick becomes dense on the pedicels and calyx:
stems slightly decumbent at the very base, otherwise strict,
2 — 3 feet high, simple: lower leaves orbicular, about 9-lobed,
the lobes cuneate-obovate, 3-cleft at the apex; the middle and
upper 7 — 9-parted, their segments with 3 — 5 linear, some-
what spreading lobes: racemes short: petals emarginate, an
inch long, deep lilac-purple: calyx -lobes ovate, long acumi-
nate: carpels not seen.

The specimens are from Mr. T. J. Howell of Oregon, and
the plant is reported to inhabit dry prairies. Mr. Howell's
printed labels bear the name, ''Sidalcea humilis, Gray"; but
this is a most distinct species, not so much like S. humilis as
S. spicata, from which latter species it is easily distinguish-
ed by its forked and retrorse, bristly hairs, abundant stellate
pubescence, and large flowers in racemes which are not at
all spicate-crowded. It is probably the Sida malvceflora, in
part at least, of Hooker, El. Bor. Am. and of Torrey & Gray,
Fl. N. Am.

S. Oregana, Cray.

Sparingly hirsute below, inflorescence stellate-tomentose,
other parts of the plant glabrous: stems 1 — 5 feet high, pan-
iculately branched above : foliage as in the preceding, but
the segments narrower: calyx globose in fruit, its segments
ovate to lanceolate, acute: corolla a half inch or more long:
carpels very small for the genus, smooth and glabrous, not
in the least depressed. — Sida Oregana, Nutt. Torr. & Gray
Fl. N. Am. I. 234. Sidalcea Oregana, Gray. PI. Fendl. 20.
S. malvceflora, in part, of Bot. Cal. I. 83.

Very common in Oregon and the northern parts of Cali-
fornia. The largest species, distinguished by its paniculately
branching habit, and small calyx and carpels, the latter very
straight, not depressed as in the other species.

i~t -i-H- -S--J- JSfo hirsute pubescence.
S. glaucescens.

Minutely stellate-pubescent, and somewhat glaucous
2

78 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

throughout: stems numerous, decumbent, 2 feet high, rather
slender: leaves, even the lowest, palmately 5 — 7 -parted, the
•cuneate divisions 3 — 5-lobed or -toothed, or those of the
uppermost entire: raceme simple, loosely flowered: divisions
of calyx attenuate-acuminate : corolla deep purple, the lobes
obtuse, or at most only truncate : reticulations distinct and
elongated lengthwise of the carpels.

Sierra Nevada, at about 6,000 feet altitude, and ranging
from Mt. Shasta to Kern County. Very common about
Summit station, in the neighborhood of Donner Lake, where
it was collected by Mrs. Curran and the writer, in August,
1883. One of the best species, readily known by its pale,
glaucous hue, and the peculiar, geranium-like foliage. To
the unassisted eye the plant looks perfectly smooth; but a
good lens reveals on all parts of the stem and foliage, the
pubescence above described.

S. asprella.

Deep green; roughish throughout with a short, stellate
pubescence : stems several, simple, decumbent, leafy up to
the slender raceme: leaves 2 — 3 inches wide, truncate at
base or with a broad sinus, lightly 5-lobed, the broad lobes
each with about 5 rounded teeth : divisions of calyx triangu-
lar-lanceolate, acute: corolla purple, an inch long, its lobes
truncate, erose: carpels large, transversely rugose, depressed.

On bushy hillsides of the lower Sierras, just below the
habitat of Chamcebatia; apparently not collected before last
season; found by Mrs. Curran in El Dorado County, and by
the writer on Mr. John Eamm's ranch, near Camptonville,
in Yuba County. Peculiar, at least among the perennial
species, in having its leaves all of precisely the same shape,
the lowest and the uppermost differing only in point of size.
The rough pubescence is likewise very characteristic.

* * Annuals.
S. Hartwegi, Gray.

Glabrous, except the pedicels and calyx, which are his-

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 79

pidly pubescent : stem 1 — 3 feet high, mostly simple, leaves
orbicular, the lowest deeply cleft, the upper digitately 5 — 9-
parted: segments linear, entire, acute: spike usually short
and dense : calyx-lobes acuminate : carpels strongly reticu-
late, hispid above.— PI. Fendl. 20. Bot. Cal. I. 84.
Common in the Sacramento Valley.

S. tenella, Greene.

Rough -puberulent, or nearly glabrous, glaucescent; slen-
der and branching, about a foot high: leaves small, the low-
est orbicular, 5 — 7-lobed, the upper digitately parted; seg-
ments linear, entire; purple flowers in numerous short ra-
cemes: calyx-lobes lanceolate, acuminate: carpels not hairy,
rugose- or alveolate-roughened. — Bull. Cal. Acad. I. 7.

Common in the foothills skirting the Sacramento Valley;
first collected by Mr. Elisha Brooks, and later by Mrs. Aus-
tin, Mrs. Curran and the writer. Near the preceding spe-
cies, but smaller, more slender, and freely branching; inflo-
rescence and fruit lacking the hispid pubescence, but fre-
quently the whole plant roughened and glaucous.

S, sulcata, Curran in herb.

Glabrous below, sparsely hirsute above, especially on
calyx and pedicels; about 2 feet high, sparingly branching:
foliage as in the preceding species: calyx-lobes ovate-lance-
olate, abruptly acuminate : corolla small, light purple: car-
pels evenly reticulate on the sides, the back striately so, or
else (by disappearance of the reticulation), longitudinally
about 7-sulcate.

Collected near Folsom in May, and on Sweetwater Creek,
El Dorado County, in June, 1884, by Mrs. Curran.

S. diploscypha, Gray.

Pubescent with long, spreading hairs; a foot or two high:
leaves deeply 5 — 9-cleft, with sharply lobed segments: flow-
ers in umbellate clusters, their pedicels subtended by 5 — 7-

80 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

parted, linear, hispid bracts: calyx-lobes long-acuniinate :
petals an inch long, ernarginate : filaments of outer stamens
united into broad, membranaceous lobes, which commonly
enclose the inner anthers: carpels glabrous, transversely
rugose, the back with a central, longitudinal channel. — PI.
Fendl. 19. Bot. Cal. I. 84. Var. minor, Gray, differs re-
markably from the type in having racemose inflorescence,
and the petals marked by a dark purple spot at the base.

It was collected in Lake County by Mrs. Curran, in 1884.
The original of the species is common in the central parts
of the State, on hillsides everywhere.

S. malachroides, Gray.

Stout, hirsute, 3 — 6 feet high : leaves cordate, 2 — 5 inches
broad, 3 — 7 -angled with the lobes sharply toothed : bractlets
subulate, caducous: flowers small, white, nearly sessile in
close racemose or spicate clusters: calyx -lobes triangular,
acute: petals narrowly obcordate: carpels glabrous, not re-
ticulate, the back showing a more or less distinct central
ridge.— Proc. Am. Acad. VII. 332. Bot. Cal. I. 84.

Rather rare, along the Coast from Mendocino County to
Santa Cruz.

CEANOTHTJS.
C. macrocarpus, N T utt.

Shrub 8 — 12 feet high, with naked, dark-barked trunk,
and well rounded, tree-like head: branchlets rusty-pubes-
cent, and bearing conspicuous, dark, warty, stipular glands:
leaves alternate, coriaceous, obovate-oblong, refuse, entire,
minutely tomentose-canescent beneath: flowers in umbellate
clusters: fruit very large. — Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. I.
267.

The flowering branchlets alone furnish characters enough
by which to distinguish this specifically, from C. cuneatus.
I refer to the strictly alternate leaf-arrangement, and the
large, warty stipules. The shrub inhabits the highest parts

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 81

of the Santa Inez Mountains, back of the city of Santa Bar-
bara. It presents, with its naked stem, and rough, almost
black bark, the aspect of a plum tree. But C. cuneatus,
which abounds at lower elevations on the same mountains,
is always in bushy clumps, its stems when old being covered
with a smooth, ash-gray bark. Moreover, the C. cuneatus,
even in its milder climate of the lower altitude is several
weeks later in its flowering, than the kindred species of the
higher summits. The very able and discriminating botanist
who discovered C. macrocarpus, named it well; the fruits
being about twice the size of those of the allied species.

Of the following I have seen nothing hitherto, except flow-
ering branches, which always come to us named C. cuneatus.
which it certainly is not. From the description it must be
distinct from C. macrocarpus, and should doubtless bear that
name, in our herbaria, which the discoverer of the species
gave to it. I shall copy, for the assistance of our southern
correspondents, to whom the valuable and rare book may
not be accessible, the account given by Mr. Nuttall himself,
and printed by Torr. & Gray in the Fl. N. Am.

C. verrucosus, Nutt.

Branchletsverrucose and somewhat canescentwith a rusty-
colored pubescence : leaves alternate, approximate or crowd-
ed, very thick and coriaceous, roundish-obovate or cuneate-
oval, often emarginate, the younger sometimes obscurely
serrulate, glabrous above, minutely tomentose-canescent be-
neath: umbels axillary, few-flowered, naked: fruit with mi-
nute protuberances at the angles.

Low hills near the coast, San Diego — leaves about half an
inch long and 4 — 5 lines wide : fruit the size of a large pea.

HOSACKIA.
H. macrantha.

About a foot high and stoutish, silky-puberulent: leaflets
7 — 9, obovate or oblong, obtuse, J — 1 inch long; stipules

82 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

subulate, minute, dark colored and deciduous, leaving a
glandular base : peduncles 2 — 4 inches long, 3 — 7-flowered;
bract 1-foliolate, closely subtending the umbel: corolla an
inch long, bright yellow throughout; the standard erect, a
half inch broad: pod stout, 1^ inches long.

El Dorado County, on Sweetwater Creek, 1883, Mrs. K.
Curran.

To come in between H. Torreyi and H. grandifiora; the
very showy flowers nearly twice as large as in any other
known species. The young specimens would be referred to
the group with foliaceous stipules; the older ones, showing
only the glandular, basal portion, would as surely be taken
as belonging to the gland-bearing group.

H. flexuosa.

Stems depressed, rigid and flexuous, a foot long; minutely
silky-pubescent: stipular glands large: leaflets 3 — 5, thick-
ish, broadly obvate, retuse or somewhat obcordate, 3 — 5
lines long: peduncles an inch long, 1 — 3-flowered, the bract
wanting, replaced by a pair of conspicuous glands a little
below the umbel: calyx- teeth lanceolate, as long as the tur-
binate tube : pod an inch long.

Cedros Island, Dr. Veatch. Very unlike any of those nu-
merous forms from the Mexican region which go under the
name of H. rigida.

H. procumbens.

Near EL. glabra but appressed-silky throughout: stems
prostrate, 2 feet long: leaflets 3, approximate, oblanceolate,
mostly acute, J — 1 inch long: umbels numerous, sessile,
bractless, about 2-flowered: calyx-teeth very short, triangu-
lar-subulate: pod almost an inch long, slender and nearly
straight, 2-seeded.

Tehachapi, Kern County, 1884. Mrs. K. Curran. Of the
Syrmatium group, among which it is remarkable for its long,
straight pods.

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 83

H. Veatchii.

Suflrutescent, decumbent or prostrate, very stout: appres-
sed-silky throughout even to the pods: leaflets 3 — 4, oblong-
obovate, somewhat cuneate, 6 — 9 lines long: umbels numer-
ous, nearly sessile, bractless, 10 — 12-flowered: calyx 3 — 4
lines long; its teeth short-triangular, acute: corolla twice as
long as the calyx: pods almost straight, an inch or some-
what less in length.

From the peninsula of Lower California, at Elide, oppo-
site Cedros Island, by Dr. Veatch. The specimens have
remained thus many years unnoticed, in the herbarium of
the late Mr. H. G. Bloomer. Plant very robust, and large-
flowered for a member of the Syrmatiiim group.

RIBES.
R. quercetorum.

Prickles none; thorns stout, solitary: glabrous or very
minutely puberulent, glandless: leaves small, numerous,
5-cleft, the lobes narrow, cuneiform, 3-cleft or -toothed, a
half inch long on petioles of an inch or less : peduncles slen-
der, deflexed, with two or more small, bright yellow flowers :
calyx tubular, minutely puberulent, the lobes linear-oblong,
lightly ciliate, a little longer than the petals, reflexed: sta-
mens shorter than the petals; anthers short-oblong: style
glabrous, undivided; stigmas two; ovary glabrous: berry
small, smooth.

Bushes 3 or 4 feet high, in dense, well rounded clumps,
growing in oak groves at the base of the mountains in Mon-
terey and San Luis Obispo counties; especially abundant at
El Paso de Robles, where it was collected bv the writer in
March, 1884. The species is near R. leptanthum: the very
small yellow flowers are very fragrant. Bipe fruit has not
been seen.

R. velutinum.

Without prickles, the stout thorns solitary : glandless but

84 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

minutely soft-pubescent : leaves small, on petioles shorter
than the lamina, deeply 5-cleft; the lobes 3-cleft: peduncles
short, deflexed, having about 2 white, or pinkish flowers:
calyx cylindraceous, 2 — 3 lines long, the tube shorter than
the erect lobes: ovary white-villous: berry dark purple,
velvety-pubescent but not glandular. — R. leptcmthum, var.
bracJiyanthum, Gray, Bot. Cal. I. 205.

Open grounds in the northern part of California and re-
gions adjacent. A stout shrub, 4 — 6 feet high with coarse,
rigid, but gracefully recurved branches. It differs from B.
lep'anthwn not only in its shorter flowers, but in the velvety
pubescence which clothes not only both sides of the leaf,
but more markedly the fruit, even in its maturity.

PENTACHiETA.

This exclusively Calif ornian genus of small annual Com-
posita;, if it be accounted anomalous and refractory among
the Asteroidea?, including, as it most certainly does golden
yellow- and clear white-rayed species, has not the misfor-
tune to be made up of species feebly marked. Three or four
successive seasons of diligent observing and collecting of
them in all parts of the State where they grow, have failed
to show that any two species incline to run together. Of
the five now recognizable, none is better marked than that
one which, when first discovered, was naturally taken as the
type of a distinct genus, namely, Aphantochceta. The corol-
las of this are urceolate, the filiform tube widening quite
abruptly about midway, and contracting very perceptibly
under the small teeth of the orifice. The name Aphanto-
chteta was suggested' by the fact of the five bristles of the
pappus being reduced to mere rudiments. The very full
supply of specimens now in the herbarium of the California
Academy, having been brought in from numerous and widely
sundered localities by Mrs. M. K. Curran, my zealous, clear-
seeing and most efficient co-laborer in the field of California

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 85

botany, show that even in this plant the five bristles are as
commonly present in their fullest development, as in any spe-
cies of the white- and purple-flowered section. It is equally
in all these, a rare and exceptional case that they are reduced
or wanting. That these three species have their rays, when
present, clear white or purplish, with never a tint of yellow,
whereas the original Pentaclncta and its fine newly discov-
ered cognate has them golden yellow, seems almost to
require the reinstatement of Aphantochaeta as a genus of
three species; yet the plants are all so perfectly alike in
habit, as well as the character of akene and pappus, that it
seems best to separate them only sub-generically. The un-
fortunate misapplication of the specific name exilis should
no longer be left uncorrected, and in the subjoined re-arrange-
ment of the species, it is dissevered from its connection with
the one to which it has misleading!}* been applied, and is
bestowed upon that excellent one which claims it.

§1. Eupentachseta.

Rays golden yellow: pappus apparently always well developed;
bristles 5 — 12; akenes not compressed. Plants of the south
part of the State; afoot or less high.

P. aurea, Nutt.

Involucre glabrous: bristles of pappus 5.— Trans. Am.
Phil. Soc. VII. 336. Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. II. 249.
Gray, Bot. Cal. I. 305. Syn. Fl. 120.

Common on plains towards and around San Diego.

P. Lyoni, Gray.

Involucre hirsute: pappus bristles 9 — 12. — Syn. Fl. 445.

§ 2. Aphantochaeta.

Bays (when present) white (reddish outside), never yellow or
even ochroleucous: pappus-bristles 3 — 5; in each species occa-
sionally reduced or obsolete; akenes slightly compressed. Plants

86 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

of the region of San Francsico and northward to Mendocino
County; only half the size of those of § 1.

* Stems simple, or with few erect or ascending branches: heads
12 — 2 ~> -flowered: pappus bristles 5, when present.

h— Heads with white ray- and yellow disk-flowers.

P. bellidiflora.

Herbage green: peduncles glabrous: throat of corolla am-
ple, not contracted above. — P. aurea, Gray, Pacif. R. Rep.
IV. 99, Boland. Cat. 15, not of Nutt. P. exilis, Gray, Bot.
Cal. 1. c. and Syn. Fl. 1. c. excl. vars. but not Aphantoclueta
exilis.

A plant of limited range, being confined, apparently, to
the immediate vicinity of San Francisco Bay, and seldom
collected. Still found at Corte Madera, in Marin County,
the original locality. Bolander's specimens from Crystal
Springs, a little south of San Francisco, are destitute of
pappus, but otherwise the same.

-t — h Heads discoid: corollas red-purple,

P. exilis.

Herbage purple; peduncles white-villous under the invol-
ucre; throat of corolla contracted at the base of the minute
teeth. — Aphantochaita exilis, Gray, Pacif. R. Rep. IV. 99, t.
11. P. exilis, var. aphantoclueta, Gray, Bot. Cal. I, 305,
Syn. Fl. 1. c. P. aphantochaita, Greene, Bull. Torr. Club,
IX. 109, & Bot. Gaz. VIII. 256.

A most common species in the counties eastward and
northward from San Francisco. Very distinct from the
preceding.

* * Stems diffuse, much branched: heads in the forks, shoil-
peduncled, 3 — 7-floivered: rays wanting.

P. alsinoides, Greene.

Corollas filiform; tube scarcely widening into a throat,

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 87

purplish: pappus-bristles 3, seldom obsolete. — Bull. Torr.
Club IX. 109, & Bot. Gaz. 1. c. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1. c.

About Sau Francisco and eastward to the foot-hills of the
Sierra Nevada; common, but often depauperate, and always
an inconspicuous plant.

BIGELOVIA.
B. furfuracea.

Leaves thick, narrowly oblanceolate, 1 — 2 inches long,
entire, covered on both sides with close resinous scales, re-
sembling scurf, which extend also to the branches and
branchlets : inflorescence corymbose-panicled;,head 4 — 5 lines
high, 12 — 15-flowered: involucre turbinate, its scales char-
taceous, with blunt greenish tips and more or less white-
tomentose: style-appendages short-subulate: pappus of very
unequal bristles: akenes strongly silky-pubescent.

A most singular looking species in respect to the resinous
scales resembling scurf, on the branches and foliage. The
specimen consists of a single branch, in flower, and well
preserved. The name of the collector is unknown, and the
habitat of the species is equally enigmatic; but we suspect
it to have come from Lower California.

ERIGERON.

In the small group of perennial, tall, leafy-stemmed spe-
cies inhabiting and almost peculiar to California, a different
arrangement is called for by those who are familiar with the
plants in their native haunts, from that given in the Synop-
tical Flora of North America. In the herbarium of the
Academy, most of the forms are abundantly represented,
and are disposed as follows :

E. Stenophyllus, Nutt. not of Gray.

Herbage deep green: stems ascending from a decumbent
base, about two feet high, stoutish, rigid, brittle and some-

88 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

what flexuous, rough-puberulent and somewhat strigose,
paniculately or coryinbosely branching above: leaves nu-
merous, scattered, filiform an inch or two long, scabrous:
involucres hemispherical : rays numerous, slender, 3 — 4 lines
long, blue-purple: akenes usually quite glabrous. — E.
foliosus, var. stenophyllus, Gray, Bot. Cal. I. 330, and Syn.
Fl. N. A. 215.

Common in open grounds at lower altitudes than the fol-
lowing species, and readily distinguishable from them by
the entirely different habit, the pubescence, etc. If this
should prove identical with the E. decumbus, Nutt, of Ore-
gon, the name of Dr. Gray's Texan E. stenophyllus will be
saved; but the Oregon plant I have not seen. The E. folio-
sus var. tenuissimus, Gray, is of the present species.

E. foliosus, Nutt.

Light green, and smoother than the preceding; stems
more slender, erect from the base : leaves linear to oblanceo-
late, obtuse, 2 — 3 lines wide, the margins scabrous: heads
larger, in a simple corymb: rays numerous, broader, 5 — 6
lines long, light purple or almost white: akenes slightly hir-
sute. — PL Gambel. 177. Gray, 1. c. excl. var.

Wooded places at middle altitudes in the Sierra Nevada.
Of a different range from E. stenophyllus and readily recog-
nizable by its broader, lighter colored, smoother foliage,
erect stems, and simple flat-topped corymb of larger heads.

E. inornatus, Gray.

Near the preceding, from which it is distinguished mainly
by the smaller, more numerous, rayless heads, and the about
twice as numerous bristles of the pappus. — Syn. Fi. 215,
excluding the var. angustatus.

This sjDecies belongs to the higher Sierras, whence it
ranges northward into Oregon and Washington.

E. angustatus.

Tall, rather slender and glabrous throughout : leaves nar-

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 89

rowly linear or filiform : heads few, or numerous in a cymose
panicle, each subtended by some subulate bracts : involucres
glandular, their scales numerous, unequal, green-tipped and
very regularly imbricated: rays none: akenes somewhat hir-
sute. — E. inomatus, var. angustatus, Gray, Syn. Fl. 215.

As strictly confined to the foot-hills of the Coast Range as
E. inomatus is to the higher Sierra. Distinguishable from
that species at a glance by the glandular, numerous and
much imbricated scales of the involucre.

HELIANTHELLA.

Two species — one of them belonging to the Coast Range,
and the other as strictly limited to the region of the Sierra
Nevada — have hitherto been confounded. In general aspect
they are exceedingly alike, but are most dissimilar in char-
acters of the akene. I distinguish them as follows :

H. Californica, Gray.

Almost glabrous : stems branching, 2 feet high : branches
naked above and monocephalous : leaves lanceolate, on long
petioles, all opposite except occasionally a single one a little
below the head: akenes cuneate-obovate, slightly obcordate,
glabrous with traces of wings above, but wholly destitute of
pappus; terminal areola prominently elevated. — Pac. R.
Rep. IV. 103; also Bot. Cal. I. 352, and Syn. Fl. 285, as to
the Napa Valley plant with "pappus obsolete in age."

Collected in the neighborhood of Napa by Bigelow; also
in Lake County by Cleveland in 1882, and by Mrs.Curran
in 1884. There is never any trace of pappus in even the
young fruit, and the akene is differently shaped from that of
the following.

H. Nevadensis.

Minutely scabrous-puberulent : stems simple, bearing at
summit about three short-peduncled heads : leaves lanceolate,

90 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

tapering into petioles, the upper usually alternate : akenes
obovate-oblong, not cuneate at base, glabrous except the
ciliolate margins of the imperfect wings, less obcorclate than
in the preceding species; pappus of two short, firmly per-
sistent awns, and numerous intermediate, equally persistent
squamellte ; terminal areola depressed. — H. California,
Gray, of Bot. Cal. and Syn. Fl. as to the plant of the Sierra
only.

Abundant in the higher Sierra, often collected, and by no
means to be disposed of as a pappose form of the true H.
Calif arnica. The akenes differ in size aud shape, as well as
in the wholly constant matter of the pappus.

MADIA.
M. Rammii.

Annual; stem slender, a foot and a half high, above the
middle abruptly parting into a loose, corymbose panicle:
leaves linear, entire : peduncles slender, 2 — 4 inches long :
ray-flowers about 10, a half inch long, bright yellow; those
of the disk 18 — 30 : bracts of the involucre minutely hispid :
ray-akenes slightly lunate, the rather prominent and quite
lateral apiculation bearing a short ciliolate pappus; pappus
of disk-flowers of 5 slender and soft, barbellate awns. — 31.
Yosemitana, Gray, Syn. Fl. 304, as to the plants of Prof.
Eisen and Marcus Jones, but not of Parry.

The present species is abundant in the region of the
Sierra Nevada from Auburn northward at least to the Yuba
River, and has been collected in imperfect condition by Mr.
Elisha Brooks, as well as by the gentlemen above named.
This description has been drawn from beautiful and very
perfect specimens collected at Nevada City, last July, by
Mr. Charles A. Kamm, for whom it is named. As to the
pappus of both ray and disk, the species is very close to M.
Yosemitana; but the ray-akenes are more crescent-shaped
and have their terminal apiculation and basal stipe both
more lateral. In size and habit, as well as geographical

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 91

range, it is easily and necessarily separate from Dr. Parry's
weak, depressed herb of the moist rocks of the higher ele-
vations.

M. citriodora, Greene,

(Bull. Torr. Club. IX. 63,) which for the Syn. Fl. was
transferred by Dr. Gray to Hemizonia, has lately been sent
from Modoc County in a state with akenes laterally com-
pressed, the thickness from side to side being considerably
less than the measurement from back to ventral angle. They
are therefore beyond dispute in this case the akenes of a
Madia, and imperatively remand the species to that genus of
which, in all its conditions it has strictly the habit
and appearance. Mrs. Austin, the collector of these inter-
esting specimens, reports of them the same pleasant odor of
lemons, which suggested the specific name.

Altogether distinct from this, and, as to form of the
akenes, most divergent from all other species of the genus,
is the following, which has not hitherto been described,
namely:

M. anomala, Greene.

(Gray, Syn. Fl. 307, under Hemizonia citriodora). Less
than a foot high, rather stout and paniculately branched;
lightly hirsute and very viscid-glandular: ray-flowers 3 — 5»
the ligules greenish-yellow: disk-flowers 3, all fertile: bracts
of the involucre and of the receptacle similar, the latter dis-
connected, each almost completely enclosing its akene:
akenes of ray and disk all alike, obovate with obtuse apex
and truncate base, slightly gibbous, but well rounded on all
sides, without even a ventral angle.

El Dorado County, 1883, and Lake County, on Cobb
Mountain, 1884, Mrs. Curran. The plant has no trace of
the fragrance of 31. citriodora, nor any close relation to that
species. It looks more like a stout and dwarfish 31. diss it i-

92 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

flora, of which species it has the pubescence and viscosity.
The evenly rounded sides of the very plump akene are a
peculiarity rather in conflict with the accepted generic
character of Madia. There is discoverable, however, the
very obtuse suggestion merely of an angle on the ventral
face.

LAYIA.
L. graveolens.

Two feet high, stout and much branched, short-hirsute
and glandular : leaves all entire: heads large: rays cream-
color: clavate akenes slender; pappus deciduous in a ring,
bright white, the villous wool all straight and erect, two
thirds as long as the 18 — -20 slender bristles.

Tehachapi Station, Kern County, California, June, 1884,
Mrs. Curran. The species is nearest L. heterotricha, though
a much larger plant with very heavy scented herbage, more
clavate and less villous akenes, and a deciduous pappus, of
which the wool is more copious and much longer.

TETRADYMIA.
T. stenolepis.

Near T. catiescens, but the branches bearing, for the most
part, long, straight, divergent spines in place of leaves:
shrub two feet high, much branched, and white throughout
with dense, close tomentum : leaves mostly on the flowering
branchlets, spatulate-lauceolate, an inch or more long, with
sharp spinose tips; no fascicled ones: head f inch high,
5-flowered; involucral scales 5, linear, obtuse: akenes barely
pubescent on the nerves; pappus copious.

Mountains of Kern Co. , California. Mrs. Curran, 1884.
An interesting bush, intermediate between T. canescens and
T. spinosa, and therefore destructive of the sectional divis-
ions of the genus, as made in the Synoptical Flora.

CALIFORNIA. ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 93

CROCKERIA. Nov. Gen. Compositarum.

Heads radiate, many-flowered, the flowers all fertile.
Receptacle conical. Involucre a single series of bracts con-
nate into an about 10-toothed cup. Disk-corollas 5-lobed.
Akenes oval-obovate, very flat, nerveless, glabrous; margins
with a distinct filiform nerve and very densely ciliate with
short somewhat clavate, more or less glandular hairs; apex
truncate. Pappus none.

Genus dedicated to Charles Crocker, Esq., whose very
liberal patronage of California botany well merits this
recognition.

C. chrysantha.

Annual, a span or more high, nearly glabrous : leaves op-
posite, connate at base, linear, entire: heads i inch high;
involucre hemispherical, shorter than the disk; the ovate
bracts united to the middle : flowers golden-yellow.

In alkaline soil about Lake Tulare ; collected by the writer
in the middle of April, 1884. The plant so exactly resem-
bles Lasthenia glabrata that nothing but a look at the akenes
will reveal the difference. Only a few specimens were made,
and these were taken on the supposition that they were of
the common plant just named. An account of the genus has,
at the date of the printing of this, already appeared in the
new volume of the Synoptical Flora of North America,
which contains the Composite, pages 72 and 445, wherein
the precise relationship of it is set forth.

SENECIO.

S. Austin*.

Perenuial, lightly floccose; stem a foot or more high, naked
above; leaves somewhat fleshy, in outline oblong-oblanceo-
late, an inch or two long, tapering to slender petioles of
greater length, their margins closely laciniate-toothed-cleft
or -lobed, the lobes mostly simple and all mucronately tip-
ped ; heads not calyculate, a half inch high and nearly as
wide, 5 — 15 in an ample corymb; scales of the involucre
3

94 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

fleshy, linear-oblong, acuminate; rays 8 — 10, light yellow;
akenes glabrous.

Mrs. R. M. Austin, Modoc County, Cal. July, 1884. A
rather handsome species, in some respects intermediate be-
tween S. Whippleanus and S. eurycephalus, less lloccose than
the latter, the outline of the leaf very different, and much
like that of S. Glevelandi. The peculiar cutting of the mar-
gin is distinctive.

DIPIACUS.

t

Calyx tubular, 5-angled, 5-toothed, upper lip of corolla 2-
lobed, lower 3-lobed, the lobes spreading, marginate or va-
riously toothed or cleft. Fertile s-tamens 4. Stigma bila-
mellar. Capsule linear-oblong, closely invested by the calyx
and wholly included within it, firm-coriaceous, with a woody
tubercular enlargement at the apex, incompletely dehiscent,
opening by the upper suture only, from base to near the
apex, the valves spreading into a boat-shaped open pod:
placentae distinct, borne on the middle of the valves. Seeds
small, very numerous. — Californian shrubs with glutinous
exudation, and a dendroid-branching pubescence, with fre-
quently some flat, stellate hairs intermixed. Flowers
short-pedicelled, solitary in the axils, large, red, orange
or buff.— Nutt. in Taylor, Ann. Nat. Hist. I: 137. Endl.
Gen. 681. Benth. DC Prod. X, 368. Mimulus § Diplacus.
Benth & Hook. Gen. II. 946; Gray, Bot. Cal. I. 565, & Syn.
Fl. 275.

A genus quite distinct from Mimulus by its separated pla-
centa, the imperfect dehiscence of its folliculiform capsules,
its shrubby habit, and branching pubescence. The species
of Nuttall are here provisionally restored, in expectation that
a more thorough examination of the corollas (in the form of
which it is believed good specific characters are lurking)
will establish the correctness of the judgment of the author
of the genus, who had the advantage of a familiar knowledge
of the floral characters, which cannot, in this and allied
genera, be gained in mere herbarium studies.

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 95

D. stellatus, Kell.

Brandies and under surface of leaves yellowish-tomentose,
the pubescence partly stellate and partly dendroid: leaves
subcoriaceous, ovate-lanceolate, entire, the margins strongly
revolute, upper surface glabrous and glutinous: calyx gland-
ular-puberulent : corolla apparently small (1 inch long),
with narrow throat, the color unknown. — Proc. Cal. Acad.
II. 18.

Cedros Island, Dr. J. A. Veatch. The pubescence of two
different kinds is very plentiful in this plant, which is
doubtless of a species distinct from all our main-land
forms; although the dendroid hairs are on other species,
and even the stellate are not wanting elsewhere in the genus.

D. glutinosus, Nutt. l. c.

Three to six feet high; branches puberuleiit: leaves not
coriaceous, linear lanceolate, acutish, pubescent beneath with
short, somewhat branching, but no stellate hairs, denticu-
late, loosely revolute in age: corolla buff, an inch long,
throat narrow, the lobes entire or emarginate. — Mimulus
glutinosus, Wendland, Jacq. Hort. Schoenbr. t. 364. Gray,
1. c. excluding most of the synonymy and all the varieties.

Common along streams and in shady places in the vicinity
of San Francisco Bay.

D. latifolius.Nuttl. c.

Branches puberulent, some of the hairs longer and gland-
tipped: leaves thin, from nearly glabrous to quite tomentose
beneath (some of the hairs stellate), narrowly oblong, ob-
tuse, strongly toothed: corolla buff, 1| inches long, throat
enlarging upwards, limb ample, lobes erose-denticulate. —
Diplacus glutinosus, Benth. 1. c. in part, and Mimulus glutin-
osus, Gray, 1. c. in part.

Foot-hills of the Sierra Nevada. Collected recently by
Mr. Elisha Brooks, and by Mrs. Curran. Very possibly a
variety merely of the last species; but the corolla in our best
specimens appears quite too unlike.

96 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

D. puniceus, Nutt. 1. c.

Nearly glabrous throughout: leaves oblong-linear, mostly
entire: calyx-teeth slender: corolla scarlet, an inch or more
long, with narrow throat and erose lobes. — D. glutinosus,
var. puniceus, Benth. 1. c. Mimulus puniceus, Steud. Nom.
Ed. 2, Vol. II. 150. 31. glutinosus, var. puniceus, Gray, 1. c.

Southern part of the State. Without much doubt a good
species.

D. leptanthus. Nutt I. c.

Mimulus linearis, Benth. Scroph. Ind. 27. 31. glutinosus,
var. linearis, Gray, 1. c.

This plant is not known to me, except by the brief de-
scription given in the places above referred to.

D. longiflorus, Nutt 1. c.

Stems low and only suffruticose: branches and peduncles
minutely puberulent; the plant otherwise wholly glabrous:
leaves coriaceous, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, entire, the
margins re volute: peduncles short: calyx-teeth with white-
villous margins : corolla light salmon color, 2 inches or more
long, with ample funnelform throat and not widely spread-
ing, deeply sinuate-cleft lobes. — Benth. 1. c. Mimulus glutino-
sus, var. brachypus, Gray, 1. c.

This is not only a most beautiful plant, but very clearly dis-
tinct from D. glutinosus. It is of rather frequent occurrence
from the hills back of Santa Barbara to the Sierra Nevada,
and as far northward at least as Yuba County. The fine
salmon-color, large size and peculiar cut of the lobes of the
corolla are very constant in all the different localities. I
have never seen the plant exceeding two feet in height, and
it is commonly only half as large as that. It is the most glu-
tinous, and at the same time the most glabrous, of all the
species.

EUNANUS.

Calyx tubular, 5-angled, 5-toothed. Corolla funnelform,
with included or rarely long-exserted tube, or in one section,

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 97

nearly salverf orm : limb usually 5-lobed, strongly bilabiate
or nearly regular. 0. Stamens 4, strongly diclynamous.
Style filiform: stigma bilamellar with lobes unequally or
equally petaloicl-dilated, or more or less peltate-funnelform.
Gapsule indehiscent, or the valves partly (seldom completely)
separating, cartilaginous, coriaceous, chartaceous, or rarely
even membranaceous, gibbous at base, obtuse and shorter
than the calyx, or acuminate and considerably surpassing it:
placeutas borne on the middle of the valves, not uniting in
the axis. Seeds numerous, dark colored, often muriculate.

Dwarf annuals of California, the stem and branches terete
and firmly erect or ascending, never decumbent, the herbage
dark green or purplish, glandular and resinous-viscid, but
never slimy: foliage generally narrow and entire: flowers
purple or variegated, in tAvo species yellow. — Benth. DCL
Prod. X. 374. Mimulus § (Ence and § Eunanus, Gray,
Bot. Cal. and Syn. Fl. N. Am., including also Mimulus
£ Mimulastrum, Gray, Bot. Gaz. IX. 141.

Abundant fruiting specimens now in the herbarium of the
Academy show the capsule of En nanus to be in several ways
very unlike that of Mimulus. In the first section, although
shorter a good deal than the calyx, it is almost bony in tex-
ture, and altogether indehiscent. In the second the valves
separate only along the upper suture, and partly down the
lower, though often not even to the apex of the upper.
Again; not even in the yellow-flowered species is there the
light green herbage, the breadth of foliage, or any trace of
the transparent, albuminous, slippery exudation peculiar to
Mimulus. The second and third sections agree in a peculiar
habit. The first has not onry a habit of its own, but also
certain technical peculiarities, chiefly the tough, indehiscent
capsules, which render its elevation to generic rank, as was
long ago proposed by Dr. Gray, extremely desirable. The
only obstacle is a species herein first defined, a plant always
heretofore confounded with E. Douglasii. In it are conjoin-
ed the floral character of that species, nearly, with the habit
and capsule of Eunanus proper.

98 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

(Ence. — Corolla with usually a long filiform tube much exserted
beyond the calyx; upper lip larger than the lower: capsule cartil-
aginous, indehiscenl, shorter than the calyx, obtuse, gibbous at
base.

Dwarf annuals, hardly viscid, nearly glabrous, flowering in
early spring, occurring only in the middle and northern sections
of the State, and on moist ground. (Enoe, Gray in Bentli. PI.
Hartw. 329, name only. Mimulus \ (Enoe, Gray, Bot. Cal.
I. 563.

E- Douglasii, Beuth.

Stem J — H inches high, very leafy: leaves rhombic-ovate
to ovate-lanceolate, | — -1 inch long, 3 — 5-nerved at base,
crenate-toothed or almost entire: corolla 1 — 1| inches long,
its slender tube thrice the length of the calyx; throat urceo-
late, the lower portion being abruptly enlarged, the orifice
contracted; upper lip of the two broad, eivct lobes, the lower
of a single, small, triangular tooth, the two lateral lobes
wholly obsolete: capsule tough-cartilaginous, semi-transpar-
ent, indehiscent, long-ovate, ^ inch long, obtuse, strongly
compressed, very gibbous; the sharp-edged posterior part
twice the width of the obtuse anterior portion: seeds large,
ovate, acute, granular-muriculate. DC. Prod. X. 374, in
part. The description of the corolla "labio superiore 4 lin.
longo, inferiore vix 1 lin. longo, brevissime et late sinuato-
lobato," proves that the author was viewing a corolla of E.
Kelloggii, Curran, which has by nearly all authors down to
the present, been confounded with the plant of Douglas. —
Mimulus nanus, var. subuniflorus, Hook, it Arn. Bot. Beech.
378. ill. atropurpureus, Kellogg, Proc. Cal. Acad. I. 59.
M. Douglasii, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. XI. 95. Bot. Cal. 1. c.
Syn. Fl. 274, in part only: for Dr. Gray's description of the
fruit is plainly drawn from that of E. Kelloggii.

A beautiful dwarf, flowering and fruiting as early as March ;
found on plains and damp hill sides all the way from the
coast to the base of the Sierra Nevada. The corolla with its
very long tube, pitcher-shaped throat, and to all appearance

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 99

one-lipped limb, is very striking, rendering the fresh speci-
mens impossible to be confounded with those of any other
species.

E. angustatus.

Stemless: leaves linear, an inch or more in length, entire:
calyx with a narrowly contracted throat and ample folia-
ceous, spreading, subequal teeth, longer than the tube, cor-
olla as in the next species, except that the tube is very slen-
der and the limb less regular; upper lip considerably ex-
ceeding the lower: capsule short-ovate, acute, not compres-
sed but roundish, the thickness almost equalling the length;
a pair of lateral sutures manifest, but no angles: seeds few,
large, favose-pitted or -reticulate. — E.Coulteri, var angustatus,
and Mimulus tricolor, var. angustatus, Gray, 1. c.

In the mountains from Mendocino County to Plumas and
southward to Fresno; collected by Bolander, Clarke and
Eisen. A strongly marked species in the characters of the
calyx and capsule. The last named organ appears to liber-
ate its seeds by separating from the axis at the base. This
may be the case in all these species.

E. tricolor.

Stem 1 — 2 inches high, and branching: leaves oblong-lan-
ceolate, entire or with some scattered serratures, an inch or
more long : corolla more than an inch long, very showy, light
and dark purple and yellow; the tube slender, gradually
widening into the funelforni throat; limb J inch broad, the
lips nearly equal, but the upper slightly larger: capsule ob-
long-ovate, obtuse, slightly gibbous, compressed, both edges
acute: seeds obovate. — Mimulus tricolor, Lindl. Journ. Hort.
Soc. IV. 222, June, 1849. Gray, 1. c. excl. var. angustatus.
Eunanus Coulteri, Gray, in Benth. PI. Hartw. Aug., 1849.

Plains of the Sacramento and San Joaquin, flowering in
May.

E latifolius.

Mimulus latifolius, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. XI. 95; Bot.
Cal. 1. c. and Syn. Fl. 1. c.

100 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

This plant of Guadalupe Island I have not seen. Should
its capsules appear dehiscent, its place would be in the fol-
lowing section, which it must resemble in its branching
habit and short corolla-tube.

§ 2. Eunanus, proper. Corolla from tubular-funnelform to
nearly campanulate, in all but the first species having its tube
short, and the lower lip the larger: capsule from coriaceous to
membranaceous, partially dehiscent, or in a few species com-
pletely so, from oblong to linear, obtuse, acute or acuminate,
almost always surpassing the calyx; at base often slightly gibbous.

Viscid, ill-scented, branching annuals, mostly confined to the
mountain districts of California and Western Nevada, and
flowering in summer. Flowers purple, without yellow spots,
but in two of the species clear yellow.

* Corolla with long tube.

E. Kelloggii, Curran in herb.

Stem 3 — 10 inches high: leaves ovate to lanceolate, 3 — 5-
nerved, entire, or the lower denticulate: slender tube of
corolla an inch or more long; throat strictly funnelforin;
upper lip of 2 ample, ascending lobes; the lower, half as
large with three sinuate, shallow ones: capsules linear, ob-
tuse, a half inch long, slightly curved outwardly, nearly ter-
ete, bisulcate, dehiscent by the upper suture: seeds oval, mi-
nutely granular.

A most beautiful plant, common in May and June through-
out the middle portions of the State, and heretofore strangely
confounded by all authors with E. Douglasit. It is later
flowering by several weeks than that species, and very widely
different from it in the characters of both flower and fruit, as
well as in its much larger size and branching habit. Bota-
nists are wholly indebted to Mrs. M. K. Curran for the long
needed separation now effected. The species is dedicated
by her to our venerated friend Dr. Albert Kellogg, who also
appears to have confounded this plant with E. Douglasii in
his 3Iimulus atropurpureus, although his beautiful colored
drawing represents plainly the former species. We have the

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 101

unquestionable authority of Dr. Asa Gray for believing that
not the present species, but the one first named in this syn-
opsis is the real plant of Douglas.

E. leptabus.

Viscid puberulent, 1 — -3 inches high, simple or branching :
leaves from spatulate-oblong to linear-lanceolate, 2 — 6 lines
long, entire : flowers crowded at the ends of the branches,
and nearly sessile: calyx-teeth triangular-subulate: corolla
crimson, the tube filiform and much exserted, limb bilabiate
lh — 3 lines broad: capsule oblong-ovate, obtuse, exceeding
the calyx: seed ovate-oblong, smooth. — Mimulus leptaleus,
Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. XI. 96; Bot. Cal. I. 561: Syn.
Fl. 274.

Not rare in the higher Sierra, but seldom collected, being
an exceedingly small and inconspicuous species. Our best
specimens are from Cisco, collected by Dr. Kellogg in 1870.

* * Corolla with shorter tube, and ampler, less irregular limb.
+- Calyx hardly oblique; the teeth nearly equal.

E. Breweri.

Two inches to a span high, simple or much branched;
viscid-pubescent with spreading gland-tipped hairs : leaves
linear, entire, an inch long, sessile: pedicels slender, equal-
ing the calyx: calyx-teeth short-triangular, equal: capsule
acute, not exserted, chartaceous, dehiscent by the upper
suture, the lower parting at the apex only; placentae united
below : corolla light purple, 4 — 5 lines long, the tube not
exceeding the calyx; lobes subequal, emarginate: seeds
ovate-oblong, smooth. Mimulus rubellus, Gray, Bot. Cal.
1. c. in so far as the description is drawn from a plant
' 'viscid-pubescent" with ' 'corolla red, or crimson-purple,
and little longer than the calyx."

Common about Donner Lake, growing with E. leptaleus, to
which it is most related, although a larger plant with a more
loosely branching habit and inflorescence, and quite differ-
ently shaped corolla. Its range is a long one, namely: from

102 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

the southern part of California to the borders of British
Columbia, but it is not found to the eastward of the Sierra
Nevada, nor, in California at least, in the coast ranges of
mountains. The principal collectors of the specimens are
the following: Brewer, 1863, No. 2114; Bolander, I860, No.
6311; Torrey, 1865, No. 373; Kothrock, 1875, No. 410;
Parry & Lemmon, 1876, No. 312; Mrs. Curran, 1883; Parish
Brothers, 1884, No. 1378; Oregon, Howell; Washington
Territory, Suksdorf . In all these collections the plant has
been named Mimulus rubrilus, from which if the two were of
the same genus, the viscid-glandular pubescence, the short,
red, subregulir corollas, the only half dehiscent capsules,
and the oval, smooth seeds, would abundantly distinguish it.
But we have in the habit, pubescence with resinous viscosity,
and only partially dehiscent capsule, a true Eunanus; and as
Mimulus rubellus diverges from the other Mimuli by separa-
ted placentae, so Eunanus Breweri is aberrant from its con-
veners in having them firmly united below the middle.

E. Bigelovii, Gray.

Viscid and more or less glandular-villous: leaves ovate to
oblong, acute, often with a few coarse teeth: calyx-teeth
acutely subulate from a broad base, a third as long as the
tube which is broadly campanulate : throat of corolla cylin-
draceous; the limb rotate, crimson: capsule oblong-lanceo-
late, acute, well exceeding the calvx; the valves membrana-
ceous: seeds oblong-linear, minutely and irregularly reticu-
lated. — Pac. E. Rep. IV. 121. Mimulus Bigelovii, Gray, 1. c.

Southern part of California and the regions adjacent, to
S. Utah.

E. mephiticus.

Stout, or rather slender, 2 — 5 inches high, simple or much
branched from the base, viscid and diffusing a strong, me-
phitic odor: leaves obovate to lanceolate, \ — 1 inch long:
calyx teeth triangular-lanceolate, one fourth as long as the
tube, the obtuse capsule a little exceeding them: corolla
deep yellow, the tube slender and long exserted; the limb

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 103

bilabiate, 4 — 6 lines broad. — Mimulus mephiticas, Greene,
Bull. Cal. Acad. I. 9.

Sierra Nevada, in the Yosemite region and northward.
Oar oldest specimens are those of Mrs. Austin, collected in
American Valley, 1877. It is manifestly common, and ap-
pears to have been referred to the next species, from which
it is very distinct.

E. Tolmiaei, Benth. l c.

Stout and branching from the base, 1 — 6 inches high :
leaves ovate to lanceolate: calyx-teeth broadly lanceolate, or
triangular, acute, one-fourth as long as the tube: corolla
rose-purple with yellow and dark purple in the throat; the
limb a half inch or more in breadth, obviously bilabiate:
capsule taper-pointed, far surpassing the calyx, the valves
chartaceous. — Mimulus nanus, Hook. & Arn. (the var. plu-
rijlorus) Bot. Beech. 378. Gray, 1. c. excluding the yellow
flowered plant which is the last.

From Washington Ter. to Oregon; California and the
western parts of Nevada.

E. bicolor, Gray.(?)

Smaller and more slender than the last species: dark pur-
ple, throat of corolla abruptly and widely dilated; the white
limb very regular, and rotate-spreading. — M. nanus, var (?)
bicolor, Gray, Bot. Cal. I. 564.

Our specimens have no ticket, but they can hardly be of
Prof. Brewer's collecting, and are not to be named with any
certainty as identical with the plant of Dr. Gray; although
they answer to the description of it, in all respects save the
color of the corolla-limb. Oar observations of living plants
convince us that such wide dissimilarity in shape of corolla,
as exists between this and E. Tolmicei, are not to be treated
as merely varietal.

E. Fremonti. Beuth.

Pubescence and viscosity of E. Bigelovii: leaves narrowly
oblong, obtuse: calyx-teeth short-ovate, obtuse: capsule

104 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

abruptly pointed, included within the calyx: seed oblong,
striate-reticulate. — DO. Prod. 1. c. not of Gray, Pac. R.
Rep. VI. 83, nor of Wats. Bot. King. 226. Mimulus Fre-
monti, Gray, 1. c.

Southwestern parts of the State, and in Lower California.
h — ■- Calyx oblique, the teeth unequal.

E. Parryi.

Mimulus Parr yi, Gray, 1. c. being No. 147 of Dr. Parry's
S. Utah collection of 1874. Unknown to me, except from
the description cited.

E. Layneae.

Viscid-pubescent, a span high, simple or with few spread-
ing or nearly divaricate branches: leaves narrowly oblong to
linear, eutire: calyx-teeth triangular-subulate, acute, one-
fourth as long as the tube: corolla red-purple, f inch long;
throat narrowly funnelform; the limb not widely-spreading;
capsule often much longer than the calyx, the exserted por-
tion attenuate, incurved.

Collected by Mr. Rattan "between the forks of the Trin-
ity, June, 1884," and later, by Mrs. Curran, on Bartlett
Mountain, Like Co. The plant has the aspect of E. lorreyi,
but its calyx and capsule are very unlike those of that spe-
cies; the capsule having a somewhat rostrate-attenuate apex
which is curved upwards, as in some species of Cerastium.
This latter character is most conspicuous in certain speci-
mens thought by Mrs. Curran to have come from the Sierra
Nevada.

E. Torreyi.

Viscid-pubescent, a span to a foot high, simple or branch-
ing from near the base : leaves oblong to lanceolate : calvx-
teeth broad and obtuse, the posterior broader than the oth-
ers but only a line long : corolla less than an inch long, with
funnelform tube, and not very wide limb, pink-purple: cap-
sule chartaceous, lanceolate, oblong, a little exceeding the

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIEIsCES. 105

calyx. — E. Fremonti, Gray, not Benth. Mimulus Torreyi,
Gray, 1. c.

E. Rattani.

Viscid-pubescent, a span high, slender and sparingly
branching: leaves oblong-lanceolate, a half inch long, en-
tire: calyx-teeth triangular, acute, slightly unequal : corolla
| inch long, dark red, only the small limb exserted: capsule
chartaceous, ovate, lanceolate, taper-pointed, exceeding the
calyx. — Mimulus Rattani, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. XX. 307.

Lake and Colusa Counties, June and July, 1884, V. Rattan
and Mrs. Curran.

E. Bolanderi.

Glandular-pubescent and extremely viscid, | — 2 feet high,
simple or with few branches; leaves ovate to oblong, an inch
or two in length, sharply toothed : calyx-teeth very unequal,
acuminate: corolla purple, h — 1 inch long: capsule fusiform-
subulate, not exceeding the calyx, coriaceous. — Mimulus
Bolanderi, Grav, Proc. Am. Acad. VII. 380; Bot. Cal. 1. c.
Syn. Fl. 1. c.

A variable species as to the size of the whole plant and
the flowers; ranging from Mendocino County, across to the
Sierras, where it extends well southward. The best, and
very large, specimens have come in during the past season,
from Mr. Rattan, and also from Mrs. Curran, who informs
me that the plant has the odor of Nicotiana and is commonly
called "wild tobacco."

E. brevipes.

Mimulus brevipes, Benth. DC. Proc. X. 369; Gray, Bot.
Mex. Bound. 116; 31. (Eunanus) brevipes, Gray, Proc. Am.
Acad. XI. 97; Bot, Cal. and Svn. Fl. 1. c.

Altogether an Eunanus in habit and fruit, notwithstanding
the large yellow corolla. From Santa Barbara to the Penin-
sula, and eastward to the San Bernardino Mountains.

I 3. Mimulastrum. Corolla tvitli cylindrical tube included
i\ the calyx, gibbous near the base, the orifice contracted; limb

106 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

rotate, and nearly regular, white, with veins and bars of crimson
or purple. — Annuals of the Mohave region, with habit and cap-
sule of Eunanus proper, but a quite different corolla. — Mimulus
§ Mimulastrum, Gray, Bot. Gaz. IX. 141.

E. pictUS, Curran in herb.

Viscid-pubescent, from a span to a foot high, simple or
branched from the base, the stems somewhat rigid, and
lightly wing-angled: leaves ovate to oblong, an inch long
with a few salient teeth, obtuse or the uppermost acutish:
calyx gibbous at base, the teeth ovate, obtuse, one-fourth as
long as the tube: throat of corolla dark crimson; the limb
white, with broad veins and transverse bars of crimson : cap-
sule a half inch long, oblong-linear, obtuse, strongly mucro-
nate, the body not equaling the calyx; valves firm-coria-
ceous.

Mountains of Kern Co. about Keene Station and Tehach-
api, June, 1884; Mrs. Curran. Less elegant than the next
species, but nevertheless a most beautiful flower, the mark-
ings of the corolla-limb very striking.

E. Mohavensis.

Yiscidulous-puberulent, two inches to a span high: leaves
oblong-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, entire : calyx campan-
ulate, oblique at the contracted orifice; teeth triangular-
ovate, very acute, one-fourth the length of the tube: limb of
corolla crimson in the centre, with delicate veins of the
same color marking the white marginal part; the border
gland ular-ciliolate: capsule ovate-lanceolate, acuminate,
barely equaliug the longest calyx-tooth; the valves charta-
ceous. — Mimulus Mohavensis, Lemmon, Bot. Gaz. IX. 142.

Collected by Mr. and Mrs. Lemmon, along the Mohave

River, on hills near Waterman's and the Calico mines, May,

1884.

MIMULUS.

Calyx tubular, 5-angled or -ribbed, 5-toothed. Corolla
with funnelform throat, usually marked by a pair of palatine

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 10 »

ridges on the lower side: limb with lobes rarely all much
alike in form and size, but the two upper frequently smaller
and reflexed. Stamens 4: style glabrous; stigma bilamelar;
the lobes equal, ovate or orbicular. Capsule obtuse, not
surpassing the calyx; valves membranaceous, tardily separ-
ating from the united, columnar central placentie. — Herbs
seldom resinous- but commonly albuminous-viscid. Herbage
mostly light green. Stem and branches in many species
flaccid and decumbent or spreading, often rooting at the
joints. Flowers in the original species blue; in most others
yellow, with or without crimson or purple dots; the upper
lip white in one species which is in other respects anoma-
lous.— Linne, Gen. No. 783; Benth. in DC. Prod. X. 368;
Mimulus $ Eumimulus, Benth. & Hook. Gen. II. 947: Gray,
Proc. Am. Acad. XI. 97; Bot. Cal. I. 566. and Svn. Fl. II.
Part I. 276.

A genus which, with Diplacus and Euuanus excluded, still
seems sufficiently polymorphous, when including plants of
such widely different aspect as the blue-flowered Atlantic,
the red- and yellow-flowered Pacific species and M. bicolor,
the corolla of which is one half yellow and the other pure
white. The following synopsis includes all the known spe-
cies of the United States and the regions northward.

$ 1. Eumimulus, Gray, (much restricted). Stems qwul-
rangidar, stout, erect and mostly simple: herbage deep green, glab-
rous and neither glutinous itnr slimy: leaves feather-veined. — At-
lantic perennials with blue flowers, varying to ivhite.

M. ringens, Linne.

Leaves oblong or lanceolate, serrate, closely sessile by an
auriculate-clasping base: pedicels longer than the large
flower.— Hort. Ups. 176, t. I; Lam, 111. t. 523; Gray, Svn.
Fl. 1. c.

Canada to Iowa and southward to Gulf of Mexico.

M. alatus, Solander.

Stem wing-angled : leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate, taper-

108 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

r:

ing into a margined petiole : pedicels shorter than the flowe
corolla rather paler blue. — Ait. Hort. Rev. II. 361; Lodd.
Bot. Cab. t. 410.

Range about the same as that of the preceding.

'i 2. Erythranthe. Stems terete, stout and erect: herbage
viscid or slimy: leaves parallel veined, sessile: coroVas red.

Species of the Pacific Coast — Erythranthe, Spach, with species
added.

* Perennials, with simple stems and large flowers.

M. cardinalis, Dougl.

Villous, viscid and strong-scented, 2 — i feet high : leaves
ovate and ovate-lanceolate, erose-dentate : corolla scarlet,
the limb very irregular; lower lip closely reflexed; upper
erect with reflexed lobes: stamens exserted. — Gray, Syn.
PI. 276.

In springy places and along streams, from the sea-level to
middle elevations of the mountains throughout the State,
extending into Oregon and Arizona.

M. Lewisii, Pursh.

More slender and nearly scentless, viscidulous-pubescent:
leaves oblong-ovate to lanceolate, denticulate: corolla rose-
red, more regular, the lobes merely spreading: stamens not
exserted. — Gray, 1. c.

In swampy places at about 7,000 feet, in the Sierra Neva-.
da : also in Oregon, and eastward to the Rocky Mountains.

* * Paniculately branching annual: corolla small.

M. Parishii.

Stout, 2 feet high, villous and very slimy: leaves ovate-
lanceolate, erose-dentate, 1 — 2 inches long, the uppermost
clasping: pedicels shorter than the leaves: calyx-teeth trian-
gular, acute, nearly equal: corolla pale rose-red, only the
small, nearly regular limb exserted from the calyx: seed
small, oblong, with a lodse, wrinkled coat.— On the Mohave
slope of the San Bernardino Mountains, at Cox's Ranch,

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 109

Aug. 1882; Parish Bros. No. 1465. Collected again in the
summer of 1884, by the Rev. J. C. Nevin, and Mr. J. C.
Oliver, in Los Angeles County, and by Mr. C. R. Orcutt, on
the peninsula of Lower California, in September of the same
year. The plant is one of the stoutest and tallest of its
genus, but the root is pretty clearly annual.

Only in respect to the shape and color of the corolla is
the species to be associated with 31. Lewisii. It might al-
most as well go into the next section.

§ 3. Simiolus. Stems usually flaccid, the branches mostly weak
and decumbent, sometimes creeping and rooting: herbage in most
species pcde green, truly viscid in one or two, slimy in m<< uy, fre-
quently exhaling the odor of musk: corolla pure yellow or crimson-
dotted, not rarely red-purple; the throat usually funnelform-en-
larged; the limb varying from personate to nearly regular. —
§ Eumimulus, Gray, in part.

Plants inhabiting chiefly the western parts of America, rang-
ing from the Aleutian Islands to Patagonia. The bulk of the
species, being North American, are herein described.

* Stems exect, simple or with a few ascending branches; corol-
las strongly bilabiate; the lower lip bonded.

-s- Perennials; large-flowered.

M. dentatus, Nutt.

Root fibrous: stem simple, slender, a foot or two high;
pubescent with short, pilose hairs: leaves ovate, acute,
coarsely serrate-toothed, an inch long on very short petioles :
peduncles about equaling the leaves: calyx-teeth triangular,
acuminate, subeqoal: corolla golden yellow, an inch or more
long with ample throat twice the length of the tube, purple-
dotted, strongly bearded to the base in two lines; bilabiate
limb an inch broad, its lobes entire and ciliolate: seed ovate,
acute, scrobiculate, of a reddish brown hue. — DC. Prod. X.
372; Gray, Bot. Cal. I. 567; Bot. Gaz. VII. 112, excl. var.
gracilis, which is M. moniliformis, Greene.

The above description of this fine species is drawn from
4

110 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

very beautiful specimens collected in Humboldt County in
1882, by Mr. Rattan.

Iff. Tilingi, Kegel.

A span high, the inflorescence minutely puberulent and
viscid, plant otherwise glabrous: stems slender, naked at
base, rising from matted, fleshy, amber-colored, subtranslu-
cent rootstocks: leaves all cauline, in about 3 — 4 pairs, an
inch long, ovate, sessile, 3-nerved, with a few salient teeth:
flowers nearly terminal, few or solitary, on long, erect pedun-
cles: calyx campauuhite, purple-dotted, the teeth broad, the
upper one largest: corolla an inch long, personate; throat
densely bearded and purple-dotted; limb clear yellow. —
Gartenfl. 1869. t. 631. 31. luteus, var. alpinus, Gray, 1. c.
as to the Calif ornian plant only; that of the Rocky Mount-
ains being of a distinct species, doubtless 31. rivularis, Nutt,
a mere form of 31. guttatus, DC.

This beautiful plant grows in masses on wet rocks, along
streams in the higher Sierras, from Lassen's Peak (Mrs.
Austin) northward and southward. It is readily distinguish-
able by its peculiar rootstocks, from any one of the various
species which at first sight appear much like it.

M. guttatus, DC.

Glabrous or pubescent; racemose flowering stems 1 — 1
feet high, erect and simple, commonly stout and fistulous,
nearly terete; the basal portion, for a few inches, horizontal,
rooting at the joints and thus perennial: leaves from orbicu-
lar to oblong-ovate, 1 — 3 inches long; the radical petioled
and occasionally somewhat lyrate; the cauline sessile: the
floral reduced and connate-clasping; all more or less tooth-
ed or denticulate: peduncles ascending, an inch or more
long, slender: calyx ventricose-campanulate, teeth broadly
triangular, obtuse or acute, the upper one largest: corolla
an inch or more long, strongly bilabiate, not personate,
light yellow; the ample throat often dotted with red. — Cat.
Hort. Monsp. 127; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. 153; Hook.

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. Ill

Fl. Bor. Am. II. 99; Walp. Rep. III. 275. 31. rivularis,
Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1525; Nutt. Journ. Acad. Philad. VII.
47. M. luteus, Pursh. Fl. II. 426, excl. syn. Curt. Bot.
Mag. t. 1501; DC. Prod. X. 370, as to the plant of N". Am.
Watson, Bot. King, 223; Gray, 1. c. excl. syn. 31. Tilingi,
and var. depauperatus, not of Linne'.

By far the largest and most showy species of the genus:
very common along streams from the Aleutian Islands to the
southern part of California, and eastward to the Rocky
Mountains of Colorado. The later name, 31. rivularis, Nutt.
would have been better suited to the plant, for the calyx,
though frequently dotted, is more constantly so in some
other species. 31. luteus, Linne, along with which this and
some other North American species have been put by all
recent authors, belongs to South America. Its inflorescence
is not at all racemose, and no part of the plant is erect, ex-
cept the elongated peduncles; these spring from the axils of
all the leaves, the stems being prostrate, and rooting freely
at the joints, as in the North American 31. Jamesii. The
flowers in our specimens, which are from Chili, are more
red than yellow, quite resembling- those of the cultivated
variety known as 31. tigrinus.

+- -t- Annuals: large or small-flowered.

M. microphyllus, Benth.

Pubescent, or in the smallest forms glabrous: stems terete,
slender, sometimes with ascending branches but usually
simple, 2—12 inches high, racemose above or, in depauper-
ate states, with a single terminal flower: leaves few, ovate
to orbicular, often cordate at base, sometimes lyrate, den-
ticulate, or coarsely toothed, purple beneath: peduncles
slender, in small states filiform: calyx dotted, oblique at the
orifice; the teeth obscure or prominent, the upper one largest:
corolla \ — | inch long, with proportionally narrower throat
and broader limb than in the last species; with or without
purple spots. DC. Prod. X. 371. 31. luteus, var. depauper-

112 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

atus, Gray, 1. c. Probably here, rather than under 3L gut-
tatus, belongs M. lyratus, Benth.

Common on hillsides and near springs, California to
Washington Territory. A winter annual, flowering in April.
Distinguishable from the preceding by the different propor-
tions of the corolla, as well as by the always annual root.
Extremely variable in point of size, and also in the calyx
which is sometimes very gibbous, sometimes but slightly
so. Specimens from Lake County by Mrs. Curran have the
body very regularly campanulate and nearly truncate at the
wide orifice, the margin being nearer repand than toothed;
but this form will perhaps be a species.

M, nasutus.

Hirsute-puberulent or nearly glabrous: stem \ — 2 feet
high, stout, branching from the base, quadrangular and dis-
tinctly winged, flowering from the base: leaves mostly sub-
radical, ovate- to reniform -cordate, acute, feather-veined and
coarsely toothed or lobed, purple beueath, the lowest on
broad petioles an inch loug; the floral reduced to short
bracts: peduncles ascending, short, hardly exceeding the
mature calyx: calyx broadly campanulate, in fruit often |
inch long and I inch broad ; teeth acute, very unequal : the
upper one thrice the length of the others; the lower pair, in
maturity, bent upwards, lying at right angles across, and
closely enfolding the other three : corolla very small for the
size of the plant, h inch long, little surpassing the ample
calyx, deep yellow, with a large purple blotch on the lower
lip.

Our earliest specimens were collected in 1877, in Sonoma
Counts, Cal. at Knight's Valley and Skaggs' Springs, by
Mr. Henry Edwards.

Mrs. R. M. Austin sent it from Butte County in 1883;
while Mrs. Curran obtained fine specimens last year in lo-
calities as far apart as Lake and Kern counties. It is an
exceedingly well marked, apparently until now undescribed
species. Nevertheless a plant so far from rare will doubt-

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 113

less be found in many of the herbaria, and probably under
the heretofore so called 31. luteus. Its calyx is more uni-
formly spotted than in the true 31. guttatus, from which it is
most obviously distinct by its quadrangular winged stem,
its inflorescence, racemose almost from the very base, audits
small corolla, but especially by the peculiar calyx, the up-
per tooth of which not only almost equals the tube in length
but is rendered singularly conspicuous by the enfolding
about it, of the lower ones; which latter thus disappear en-
tirely from the profile, if we may so speak, thus suggesting
the specific name.

M. Hallii.

Habit of the preceding, the brandling more constant and
less erect : light green and glabrous throughout : stem and
branches more slender, angled, but not winged: leaves and
bracts broadly ovate, obtuse, parallel-veined, sparingly den-
tate or entire: calyx subglobose-inflated, with broad, ab-
ruptly acute teeth, the upper one twice the size of the others :
corolla very small, 3 — 4 lines long, the slender tube hardly
exserted, light yellow.

Eastern slope of the Eocky Mountains of Colorado, at lower
altitudes only, about Golden City, in shady ravines. Col-
lected by Hall & Harbour apparent!}-, and also later by the
writer, in 1871.

This, too, has gone out under the name 31. luteus, but it is
not nearly related to even the Eocky Mountain alpine form
of 31. guttatus. Its place is in this group of mainly Califor-
nian annual species. It is remarkable for having, for the
size of- the plant, the smallest corolla of any of the species.

M. glaucescens.

Stem terete, slender, erect and simple, 1 — 3 feet high,
racemose from about the middle: herbage bright green,
glabrous and distinctly glaucous: radical leaves orbicular to
ovate, subcordate, lobed and toothed, less than an inch in
length, on petioles twice as long; the lowest cauline pair
connate-clasping; all the others orbicular-perfoliate, about

114 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

| inch in diameter, with margin entire or remotely denticu-
late: pedicels slender, ascending, an inch long: calyx carn-
panulate - cylindraceous, scarcely gibbous; orifice white-
woolly within; teeth short, acutely triangular, almost equal,
the upper one slightly larger: corolla an inch long with
narrow throat and ample limb, light yellow, without dots.

Mrs. R. M. Austin, Butte County, Cal., 1883. A grace-
ful species, and, I believe, the only glaucous one.

M. nudatus, Curran in herb.

Somewhat glandular-puberulent and the herbage purple;
6 — 10 inches high, the stem and few branches terete and
rather slender: leaves inconspicuous, 1 — 3 lines wide, a half
inch or more long, on petioles of equal length or the upper-
most sessile, denticulate: pedicels an inch long, spreading:
calyx oblong, not purple-dotted, teeth not very unequal, the
orifice closed by the folding of the two lower teeth over the
others: corolla J — | inch long, deep yellow; the ample limb
bilabiate; the throat strongly bearded: seeds linear-oblong,
striate but not reticulate.

Kelsey Mountain, Lake County, June, 1884, Mrs. Curran.

A pretty species, the narrow leaves few and inconspicu-
ous, the long pedicels nearly divaricate, the large, bright
yellow corollas in fine contrast with the purple of all other
parts of the plant.

* * Stems freely branching, often decumbent, diffuse or creep-
ing: corollas smaller.

■+- Annuals; corollas manifestly bilabiate, mostly yellow.

M. laciniatus, Gray, 1. c.

Glabrous or slightly pubescent : filiform stems diffuse, a
span or less long: leaves an inch or less in length, variously
lobed or cleft, sometimes pinnately cleft or parted, on fili-
form petioles: pedicels filiform, longer than the leaves: calyx
ovate, 2 — 4 lines long, gibbous, the upper tooth largest, pur-
ple-dotted: corolla 2 lines long. — M. Eiseni, Kellogg, Proc.

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 115

Cal. Acad. VII. 89, is a stouter, nearly erect form with leaves
only laciniate-toothed.

Sierra Nevada, in the Yosemite Valley, and southward;
collected first by Dr. Gray, later by Mrs. Curran.

The larger form is from Fresno County, Dr. Gustaf Eisen.

M. alsinoides, Beuth. 1. c.

Glabrous: stems slender and at length diffuse, 3 — 12
inches long: leaves broadly ovate, an inch, more or less
long, on margined petioles, thin, with salient teeth : corolla
3 — 6 lines long; lower lip often with a red spot: calyx nar-
rowly oblong, oblique at the orifice; the sharp teeth very
short. — Gray, 1. c.

Oregon and British Columbia, in wet, shady places.

M. montioides, Gray.

Dwarf, I — 3 inches high, glabrous: leaves linear-spatulate,
attenuate at base, sessile, entire, equalling or exceeding the
slender pedicels: calyx-teeth ovate-oblong, equal: corolla
large, golden yellow; throat elongated and narrow, purple-
dotted; lower lip densely bearded. — Proc. Am. Acad. VII.
380, excepting the plant with "corolla parva, calyce
paullo longiore;" which is apparently good 31. rubellus,
Gray. 31. rubellus, var. latiflorus, "Watson, Bot. King, 226;
Gray 1. c. 31. barbatus, Greene, Bull. Cal. Acad. I. 9.

High Sierras in the central part of California, aud east-
ward in Nevada. A small plant with very disproportionate-
ly large corollas, in this respect resembling the first section
of Eunanus; nevertheless, in all respects a true Mint alas and
very distinct from M. rubellus, Gray.

M. Pulsiferae, Gray.

Viscid but not pubescent, erect, a span high, loosely
branching: leaves broadly ovate to lanceolate-oblong, den-
ticulate or entire, a half inch or more long, on margined
petioles, surpassed by the slender, ascending pedicels : calyx
with equal, ovate-triangular teeth : corolla a half inch long,
yellow, or purplish. — Proc. Am. Acad. XI. 98, & 1. c.

116 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Northern parts of California, in the Sierras, and also at
low altitudes in valleys, in Trinity and Siskiyou counties.

M. inconspicuus, Gray.

From glabrous to puberulent-glandular, 2 — 12 inches
high, simple or freely brandling from the base: leaves ovate
to ovate-lanceolate, entire or sparingly toothed, 3 — 5-nerved,
|~1 inch long, sessile by a broad base or tapering to a
short petiole: pedicels equaling the flowers, in fruit becom-
ing much longer: corolla 3—5 lines long, the limb small,
ochroleucous or "yellow or rose color:" calyx oval, 3 — 6 lines
long; teeth nearly equal, minute or very short, or ovate-tri-
angular and conspicuous. — Pac. R. Rep. IV. 120, and 1. c.

From the banks of the Columbia to the Lower Californian
peninsula. As here accepted a variable species, and one
which were perhaps better re>tricted to the original plant
with calyx appearing truncate by the minuteness of the teeth.
The northern plant, ranging from Modoc County, California
(Mrs. Austin), to Washington Territory (Prof. ' E. W. Hil-
gard, 1882, and Suksdorf, 1883, No. 203,) is glandular, has
narrow, always petiolate leaves and very small flowers. Mr.
Suksdorf's specimen in the herbarium of Dr. Gray is erro-
neously put along with M. rubellus, from which the calyx-
teeth, connivent and nearly closing the oriiice, readily dis-
tinguish it. This peculiarity of the calyx marks all our
middle Californian, even the largest forms, and ought per-
haps to be taken for the good character of a new species.
However, I know the original M. inconspicuus only by a few
calyces kindly furnished me by the author of the species 5
and so, do not venture to propose distinctly here, the separ-
ation which I have little doubt needs to be made. The
flowers in the plant of middle California are neither red nor
yellow, but only yellowish, or dingy white; paler than any
other Mimulus known to me.

M rubellus, Gray.

Very minutely and rather sparingly glandular-puberulent,

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 117

but not viscid, an inch to a span high, often much branched:
leaves narrowly oblong, entire or with a few prominent
teeth, narrowed at base but sessile, a half inch or more long:
pedicels very slender, exceeding the leaves: calyx-teeth ob-
long, obtuse, ciliolate, equal : corolla 3 — 4 lines long, golden
yellow; the unequal lobes scarcely spreading: seeds linear,
5-angled. — Bot. Mex. Bound. 116; Watson, Bot. King, 225,
excl. syn. 31. montioides, and var. latiflorus; Gray, Bot. Cal.
1. c. and Syn. Fl. 1. c. in part only.

From the Organ Mountains in New Mexico to Colorado,
and westward to the Pacific Coast, but not common in Cali-
fornia, although very frequent just east of the Sierra in Ari-
zona and Nevada. Our California specimens are only the
following: Parish Brothers No. 1378, from the San Bernar-
dino Mountains, 1882, a very depauperate state, and certain
not much larger specimens collected in Lake County, 1884,
by Mrs. Cur ran.

The common plant of the mountain districts of the eastern
part of the State, and northwards which has been referred
here is Eunanus Breweri.

M. acutidens.

Glabrous throughout, 3 — 8 inches high, with a few de-
cumbent or ascending, basal branches: stem and branches
wing-angled: leaves few (3 or 4 pairs on each stem or
branch), an inch or less long, ovate, acute, sessile by a broad
base, sharply toothed: pedicels twice the length of the
leaves: calyx slightly oblique, teeth sharply subulate, sub-
equal : corolla bright rose-purple, f inch long with nearly
cylindrical throat, and spreading limb.

King's River Mountains, at 4,000 feet, April, 1877; Dr.
Gustaf Eisen. Evidently a very beautiful species, the place
for which is here, rather than with the red-flowered group
to which M. Palmeri belongs.

M. floribundus, Dongl.

Villous and very slimy, at first erect, at length diffuse;

118 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

branches a few inches to a foot long: leaves ovate, the lower
subcordate, on petioles either equaling or much shorter than
the sharply toothed lamina: pedicels an inch or more long,
mostly surpassing the leaves: calyx campanulate, the teeth
short-triangular, nearly equal: corolla 3 — 6 lines long, from
light to deep yellow, sometimes with copper-colored throat.
Lindl. Bot. Keg. t. 1225; Benth. in DC. Prod. 1. c. Gray,
1. c. M. peduncularis, Dougl. in Benth. Scroph. Ind. 29.
Cupraria pusilla, Torr. in Ann. Lye. N. Y. I. 36.

In moist places from the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific;
quite variable, but always known by the albuminous exuda-
tion found in no other species of this group but frequent in
those of the next.

h — t- Perennials: corollas yellow, subregular, except in the
first species.

M. Jamesii Torr. & Gray.

Glabrous, diffuse and creeping: leaves roundish or reni-
form, denticulate or nearly entire, all but the uppermost on
short, margined petioles: calyx campanulate, 3 lines long:
corolla pale yellow, 3 — 6 lines long. — Benth. in DC 1. c.
371. (with var. Fremontii.) ; Gray, Man. Ed. 2, 287. M. gla-
l>ratus, Gray in Bot. Mex. Bound- partly, not of HBK.

From Minnesota and Wisconsin to New Mexico and Ari-
zona, growing in springs or springy places ; stems rooting at
the joints whether in mud or resting on the surface of clear
spring water. The species has not been found so far west
as California.

Var. Texensis, Gray.

Larger; leaves more ovate, seldom subcordate, sometimes
laciniately toothed, the uppermost often reduced and the
flowers appearing racemose. — Syn. Fi. 277. M. glabratus, of
Bot. Mex. Bound, mainly.

Texas; collected by Wright, Lindheimer and others.

M. moschatus, Dou^l.

Villous, slimy and strongly musk-scented: stems spread-

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY" OF SCIENCES. 119

ing a foot or less, and rooting at the joints: leaves oblong-
ovate, an inch long, equaling the pedicels, distinctly petio-
late: corolla a half inch long, pale yellow: seed globular,
yellow. — Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1118; Benth. 1 c; Gray, 1. c.
excl. var. longiflorm.

The mnsk plant of the gardens and green houses : native
of British Columbia and parts eastward. Not found in Cal-
ifornia.

M. inodorus.

Villous and slimy but wholly scentless; stems 1 — 3 feet
long, weak and decumbent, but not creeping or rooting:
leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate, acute, remotely and sharply
toothed or entire, 1 — 3 inches long, closely sessile by a
broad base : peduncles hardly equaling the leaves, slender,
divaricate or deflexed in fruit: calyx oblique; the lanceolate
teeth unequal, the longer half the length of the tube: corolla
an inch long, deep yellow; throat funnelform-enlarged; limb
a little bilabiate, its spreading lobes rounded and entire:
seed globular, flattened at the ends, white, strongly favose-
reticulate. — ill. moschcdus, Grav, Bot. Cal. I. 569, not of
Dougl. M. moschcdus, var. longiflorus, Gray, Syn. Fl. 278.

Common in both the Coast Range and the Sierra Nevada,
throughout California, and also in Oregon. Quite distinct
from the true musk plant, being of more than twice the size,
scentless, and possibly only annual; certainly never rooting
at the joints.

M. moniliformis, Greene.

Villous or glabrous, scentless, and neither viscid nor
slimy; stems slender, erect, 3 — 8 inches high, simple or
branching from the base; subterranean shoots bearing mon-
ilif orm strings of small tubers : leaves ovate to oblong, acute,
their margins prominently toothed, an inch in length, very
short-petioled: calyx-teeth triangular-lanceolate, acute,
nearly equal: corolla an inch long, bright yellow; the cylin-
draceous throat with a pair of folds beneath on the outside;

120 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

limb almost equally lobed, the lobes entire: seed ovate,
marked as in the last species. — Bull. Cal. Acad. I. 10. M.
dentatus, var. gracilis, Gray, Bot. Gazette, VII. 112.

Common in dry rocky places of the Sierra, from 4,000 to
8,000 ft. In the collections of Bolander, Kellogg and others,
this species occurs abundantly, and is named "31. moscha-
tus," being confounded with the last species.

M. primuloides, Benth.

Dwarf, spreading by bulbiferous stolons; white-villous to
nearly glabrous, slimy: leaves cuneate-obovate to linear-ob-
long, I — 1 inch long, obtuse, with sharp teeth, or almost
entire, either flat upon the ground, subtending the long, fili-
form, scapose peduncle, or arranged in pairs a half inch or
more apart on a slender stem 1 — 4 inches high, which has
a single terminal peduncle and sometimes an axillary
one near the base : calyx-teeth short, acute, equal: corolla
5 — I inch long, golden-yellow; the funnelform throat often
copper-colored; limb ample, spreading, its lobes all emar-
ginate and much alike: seed ovate-oblong, faintly reticula-
ted, the meshes running in longitudinal lines. — Hegel, Gar-
tenfl. 1872. t. 739; Gray, Bot. Cal. I. 569; Syn. Fl. 279.

One of the most elegant plants of the Sierras at 6,000 —
10,000 feet altitude; usually growing in broad, matted
patches in wet, grassy ground, its one-flowered scapes and
nearly regular corolla readily suggestive of the genus Prim-
ula. The white-villous form is rare in collections, and when
growing with the other, looks like another species, but in
floral character, there is no difference between them. A
single specimen in the herbarium of Mr. Rattan, without a
label, is wholly glabrous, with leaves crenate-toothed, rather
than serrate, and the corolla seems as if it might have been
decidedly bilabiate.

-;- -^ -^- Annuals.

++ Calyx ribbed rather than angled: corolla strongly bilabiate;
the upper lip lohite.

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 121

M. bicolor, Hartweg.

Viscid-pubescent, a span to a foot high, simple or branch-
ed from the base : leaves linear-oblong or lanceolate, entire
or denticulate, an inch long, sessile; the upper shorter than
the peduncles: calyx purple-dotted, the epidermis covering
a framework of ligneous or pithy, broad ribs; teeth triangu-
lar-subulate, in maturity spreading: corolla § inch long;
upper lip clear white; lower yellow with dots of purple:
capsule oblong-linear: seeds roundish, smooth, whitish. —
PI. Hartw. 328; Gray, 1. c.

The remarkable structure of the calyx in this rather com-
mon species of the Sierra Nevada, does not appear to have
been noticed heretofore. Also the lower lip is said to be
the white one, whereas it is the upper, in all that we have
seen, and it is so shown by Dr. Kellogg in a very correct
colored drawing in the possession of the Academy.

-H- -M- Calyx not ribbed, scarcely angled: corolla subregular,
purple.
M. Palmeri, Gray.

Viscid but scarcely pubescent, 4 — 10 inches high : leaves
lanceolate, mostly entire, sessile, shorter than the 1-i-inch-
long pedicels: corolla f inch long, ample funnelform, the
lobes spreading, emarginate : fruiting calyx 3 — 4 lines long,
lightly angled, the teeth short, broad and obtuse. — Proc.
Am. Acad. XII. 82, and 1. c.

Mohave and San Bernardino, collected by Palmer, Parry,
Lemmon and the Parish brothers.

M. androsaceus, Curran in herb.

Minutely puberulent-glandular, 2 — 5 inches high, diffuse-
ly branching, very slender: leaves 3 — 6 lines long, ovate-
oblong, entire, obtuse, sessile by a broad, sometimes cordate-
clasping base: peduncles very slender, elongated: calyx 3
lines long, faintly angled, the broad teeth nearly truncate
with a mucronate point: corolla crimson, twice the length of
the calyx, the subequal lobes abruptly spreading, rounded
and entire: capsule oblong, shorter than the calyx.

122 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

The earliest specimen of this plant in our herbarium was
collected some thirty years ago lyy Mr. Lobb. This speci-
men did not come to light until after Mrs. Curran had, in
1884, obtained a fine lot of the same thing near Tehachapi,
and had named the species as new. It is a close relation of
the next still more recently discovered species.

M. exigUUS, Gray.

Very slender, two or three inches high and almost glab-
rous, diffusely branching: leaves 2 — 3 lines long, somewhat
spatulate, often sparsely denticulate, sessile: peduncles ca-
pillar}", greatly elongated: calyx short- campanulate, subtur-
binate, equally 5-toothed, not angled, scarcely nerved, 11
lines long; the purple corolla nearly twice as long: capsule
ovate, a little exceeding the calyx. — Proc. Am. Acad. XX.
307.

Mountains of Lower California, C. E. Orcutt, 1884.

§ 4. Mimuloides, Watson. Calyx short, 5-cfoft, neither
angled nor nerved: capsule with attenuate apex and divided pla-
centae of Eunanus. Herpestis, § Mimuloides, Benth.

M. pilosUS, Watson.

Bot. King, 225; Gray, Bot. Cal. 1. c. and Syn. Fl. 1. c.
M. exilis, Dur. & Hilg. Pac. K. Rep. VI. t. 12. Herpestis
pihsd, Benth. Comp. Bot. Mag. 257.

A soft-hairy, pale-green, Californian annual, uniting the
characters partly of Herpestis and partly of Eananus, with
a habit which is not that of either of those genera, nor
yet of MimuLus. Very likely it were better disposed of as
a generic type, as was long ago suggested, but not carried
into effect, by Durand & Hilgard.

Obscure Species.

M. Scouleri, Hook.

Fl. Bor. Am. II. 100, is said to differ from 31. luteus chiefly
by its narrower leaves. It can hardly fall under any of the
species above described. Whatever it be, it ought to be re-

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 123

discovered by those now collecting every year in the " Ore-
gon " regions.

M. Roezli, Kegel.

Quoted by Dr. Gray under 31. luteus. It is not known to
me. I suppose it to be a North American species, and a
synonym of 31. guttatus, but this is only a guess.

ORTHOCARPUS.
0. Beldingi.

Annual, erect and rather slender, a span high and sparing-
ly branched, hirsute and above very minutely glandular:
leaves linear and entire, or with a few long lobes: calyx
about equally 4-cleft. the divisions narrowly lanceolate:
corolla rose color, a half inch long; the lips not dissimilar;
the upper one cleft, and the lower not saccate, but having
three triangular, spreading lobes: capsule sharply pointed :
seed very small, with a close but transparent favose coat.

Collected on Victoria Mountains, Lower California, June,
1883, by Mr. L. Belding.

Most divergent from our other Orthocarpi in respect to its
corolla, but in aspect quite like some species of the Tripky-
saria section.

ANTIRRHINUM.
A. strictum, Gray.

The A. Kelloggu, Greene, Bull. Torr. Club. X. 126, is
clearly only a synonym. The ticket, giving as the habitat
"Sierra Nevada, near snow, growing in dense patches," was
doubtless a mistake. Good specimens of true A. strictum
lately obtained call for this correction.

PLANTAGO.
P. Californica.

Annual, 2 — 5 inches high, minutely hirsute : leaves linear-
lanceolate with a few large and prominent teeth, or nearly
entire: scapes numerous: spikes an inch or more long, and
rather thin: stamens two: capsule ovoid, 10 — 12-seeded, cir-
cumscissile very near the base.

124 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Collected by the writer near Tulare, in wet places on the
plains, March, 1884, but Mrs. Curran obtained it at Antioch
a year earlier, and specimens of P. Bigelovii are mixed with
hers. It is different from that species in its whole aspect,
being less fleshy, and producing from 20 to 30, decumbent
scapes, while those of P. Bigelovii are strictly erect and sel-
dom number more than 2 or 3. Its capsule is shorter, cir-
cumscissile much lower down, and has thrice as many seeds,
which are of only a third the size, and thicker in proportion
to their length.

MIRABILIS.
M Froebelii.

Stout, spreading, very viscid-pubescent, the foliage in age
somewhat scabrous: leaves thick, broadly ovate, the lower
cordate, slightly decurrent on the short petioles, 4 inches
long and nearly as broad: involucre 5-cleft about half way
down into rather acute lobes; 5 — 6-flowered: perianth fun-
nelform, 1J inches long, the limb an inch across, dull purple,
pubescent and viscid outside : fruit ovate-oblong, not tuber-
culate, light brown, marked by 10 lines of a lighter color. —
M. multiflora, var. pubescens, Watson, Bot. Cal. II. 2. Oxy-
baphus Froebelii, Behr, Proc. Cal. Acad. I. 69.

Common at the base of the mountains in Kern and ad-
joining counties southward. Fine specimens were obtained
by Mrs. Curran, in July, 1884, from which this description
is drawn. Dr. Behr readily identifies it as his Oxybaphus
Frcebelii.

The abundant viscid pubescence, the very stout stems,
shorter, broader perianth and very light-colored fruits dis-
tinguish the species well from all forms of 31. multiflora. It
is really more related to 31. Greenei of the northern part of

the State.

POLYGONUM.

Descriptions of two proposed new species will best be in-
troduced by a careful delineation of the true characters of
one long known with which they are to be compared, and
have been confounded, namely:

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 125

P. tenue, Michx.

Glabrous but not at all glaucous, | — -1 foot high, the stem
and branches slender but wiry and strictly erect: sheath
of stipule 3 lines long, herbaceous, red-brown in age and
persistent, the hyaline portion of equal length and fimbriate-
lacerate: leaves thickish, erect, linear, acute, distinctly 3-
nerved; their margins strongly ciliolate-scabrous, as also is
the midrib beueath, and often one angle of the stem and
branches: floral leaves subulate, remote, flowers solitary in
their axils, on erect pedicels : akenes usually dull black, in-
closed by the calyx, in outline broadly ovate. — Michx. Flora,
I. 328; Meisn. in DC. Prod. XIV. 100.

Common on the Atlantic slope of the continent, from Can-
ada to Carolina and westward to the Mississippi.

P. Eouglasii.

Glabrous and somewhat glaucous, often a little scabrous
about the nodes, 1 — 1| feet high, with numerous, slender,
divergent branches: leaves thinnish, oblong to lanceolate,
1-nerved, their margins smooth and more or less revolute;
stipvdes entirely hyaline, the sheathing portion very short,
or wanting, the upper part more or less lacerate: floral leaves
reduced: flowers commonly more than one in each axil, their
pedicels deflexed: akenes longer than in the preceding,
shining or granular-roughened. — P. tenue, Watson, Bot.
King. 315; Bot. Cal, II. 12, but not of Michx.

var. latifolium.

Leaves oblong : flowers numerous and crowded into a spike :
face of akene rather oblong than ovate in outline. — P. tenue,
\*ar. latifolium, Engelm.

From the Saskatchewan to British Columbia, and south-
ward everywhere in the mountains to the borders of Mexico.
Clearly distinguishable from its eastern analogue by the
characters indicated, of which the 3-parallel-nerved leaves
and their almost saw-toothed margins are the most obvious.

5

126 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

In P. Douglasii, which we dedicate to perhaps its very ear-
liest collector, the secondary veins, when apparent at all,
are not parallel, bnt pinnate. The plant is variable, and
yet the var. latifoliv/m may be a distinct species; the shape of
the akene is peculiar.

P. Engelmanni-

Erect-spreading, diffusely branched from the base, a span
or more high, reddish, very minutely scabrous-puberulent
throughout: branches slender and somewhat flexuous: stip-
ules sparingly lacerate, short, with no tubular or herbaceous
portion; leaves lanceolate, acute, with revolute margins, ^
inch or more long, the upper much smaller and remote:
flowers in all the axils, solitary or in twos or threes, very
small: pedicels strongly defiexed: sepals obtuse, shorter
than the very small, ovate, shining akene, and but loosely
investing it. — P. tenue, var. microspermum, Engelm.

Rocky Mountains of Colorado at considerable elevations.
Very unlike any forms of the preceding species; differing
not more remarkably in the minuteness of its flowers and
fruit than in its peculiar erect-spreading habit and the fact
of its flowering from the very base of the stems and b ranches.

EFJOGOflUM. .

E. robustum.

Crespitose; the very thick caudex much branched; tomen-
tose : leaves ovate, 1 — 1| inches long on stout petioles of 2
inches, densely tomentose on both sides; peduncles very stout
and fistulous, 6 inches high and rigidly erect : the broad,
ample umbel of about 5 thrice divided rays; umbels and um-
bellets subtended, the former by spatulate, the latter by
linear-lanceolate leaflets an inch long: involucres half inch
long: flowers cream-colored, 3 lines long; basal stipe very
short: akene smooth.

On the Geiger grade between Reno and Virginia City,
Nevada, July, 1884, Mrs. Curran.

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 127

The species will corne in between E. compositum f and E.
Lobbii, having umbels more divided than even the former,
by which it is more readily distinguished from E. Lobbii
than by any difference in foliage or perianth. The caudex
of the latter is seldom at all branched, but in E. rdbustum it
is excessively so, each plant forming a mat of a foot or
more in width. The peduncles are in the former not "de-
cumbent" but lie flat on the ground their whole length, the
dense, simple umbel itself resting on the soil; in the latter
thev are not even decumbent, but firmly erect from the base.

128 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

List of the Plants described in California, principally in the
Proc. of the Gal. Acad, of Sciences, by Dr. Albert Kellogg,
Dr. H. H. Behr, and Mr. H. N. Bolander; with an attempt
at their identif ation.

BY MAKY K. CTJRRAN.

When the arrangement of the Herbarium of the Academy
■was undertaken two years ago, the necessity of bringing
these scattered descriptions of species together in some
form, soon became apparent; but the press of other necessa-
ry labor prevented the undertaking until this winter.

The preparation of this list has been a matter of more
difficulty than would be supposed, on account of the scatter-
ed and fragmentary condition of the material.

The types of many of the species have disappeared from
the herbarium, and many have been identified from draw-
ings by Dr. Kellogg, which have only recently become
accessible to us. In the labor of identification, the writer-
has received the constant advice and assistance of the Rev.
E. L. Greene.

Careful search has been made through files of the early
publications in this city, and it is hoped that this list is
nearly if not quite complete.

Many short descriptions, even of well known plants, have
been published from time to time by Dr. Kellogg in various
journals, frequently accompanied by illustrations, but with-
out airy claim of originality on his part. All such notices
have been omitted in the list.

The first volume of the Proceedings of the California
Academy was published in the columns of the Pacific, a
weekly journal still in existence in this city, and afterward
reprinted from the same type for the use of the Society.
The date of publication therefore for any species contained

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 120

in this volume, is four days later than that of the meeting at
which it was announced. Several descriptions were how-
ever published at a date earlier than the beginning of the
first volume; notably those of Mxcroscapob , Pterosporopsis and
Marah.

Many species, especially those collected by Dr. Yeatch on
Cedros Island, were described and figured in the Hesperian,
a monthly magazine published in San Francisco in earlier
years; a few found their way into the columns of the San
Francisco Rural Press, and one, Viola BrooJcsii, into the
California Horticulturist.

The plates of Dr. Kellogg's species appended to this Bul-
letin were prepared for the Hesperian, and after it ceased
publication, those unused were returned to him and present-
ed to the Society to be used in this manner.

In soma instances, even when the original specimens have
been preserved, it has not been possible to fully identify
certain species. This is especially the case in the genus
Lupinus, which is at present very much confused.

Some of the generic names proposed by Dr. Kellogg re-
quire more than a passing mention.

Macroscap i i-^ much the oldest one for the plant now known
as Stropholirion, and though we must all regret the retiring
of an appropriate name in favor of a defective one, the pres-
ent tendency seems to be to re-pect the law of priority, and
lessen the number of exceptions.

Any rule to be of force, and generally recognized, must be
universal and impartial, and as we accept many other names
which are equally barb irous, we must accept this if the
generic rank of the plant be maintained.

Marah is an entirely different matter. It is, as will be
seen, by many years the older name, and it seems to me that
the proper thing for Dr. Torrey to have done in the case
was to have dropped the final h and accepted the name as
Mara. It would have spared us a synonym. The objec-
tion "that it was neither a native nor a personal name, nor

130 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

one derived from either Greek or Latin," (Dr. Gray in Bot.
Wilkes Expd.) is certainly insufficient to justify its rejection.
It is a name taken from a literature with which we are all
familiar, and its application appears a sufficiently happy one
to any person who has accidentally tasted the copious watery
juice of the fruit. It was retained as a specific name by Mr.
Watson in the Botany of California, but if not admissible as
a generic name, it certainly should not be used for a species.
The only sufficient reason for its rejection seems to be,
although it appears nowhere to have been stated — that it
it has not the Latin termination.

In the Am. Jour, of Science, xiv. 33, in a communica-
tion describing the germination of M. Californica, Dr. Gray
states that Dr. Kellogg redescribed his former Marah muri-
catus, under the name of Echinocystis Muricaius. This is an
error, as may be seen from Bot. Cal. I. 241, where the
species are correctly discriminated by Mr. Watson.

Ranunculus Eisenii, Kellogg, Proc. Cal. Acad. vii. 115.

Probably R. Nelsonh var. tenellus, Gray, but the speci-
men has disappeared from the herbarium, and the identifica-
tion is not certain.

Isopyrum Glarkii, Kellogg, 1. c. vii. 131.
I. stipitatum, Gray.

Delphinium fiammeum, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 22.
D. Caedinale, Hook.

Dendromeco\i Harfordii, Kellogg, 1. c. v. 102. A peculiar
form of D. rigidum. with thickly clustered very broad leaves,
collected on Santa Rosa Island by W. G. W. Harford.

DlCENTRA UNIFLORA, Kellogg, 1. C. iv. 141.

Streptanthus tortuosus, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 152.

Sisymbrium reflexum, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 101.
Arabis Holbollii, Hornem.

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 131

Viola aurea, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 185.

V. purpurea, Kellogg, 1. c. i. 56.

Y. aurea var. venosa, Watson. — V. purpurea is much the
older, but a very inappropriate name for a yellow violet, and
as it has gone into circulation, and no injustice is done to
the author, it is left undisturbed.

V. Averyi, Kellogg, Pac. Kural Press, May 31st, 1879.
Specimen missing from the herbarium, but evidently V. Pa-
trini, DC. var Chinensis, and possibly a good species, but ma-
terial for comparison lacking. The original description is
given below:

A NEW CHINESE VIOLET.

The late Hon B. P. Avery, United States Minister at the Court of China,
collected on the great Chinese wall a violet, unknown to the West, which we
dedicate to the memory of our amiable and accomplished citizen:

Viola Averii.— Plant stemless, minutely scabrous throughout; leaves
oblong-obtuse, often a little narrowed above, abruptly decurreut into the
petiole, or rarely subcordate. about half the length of the peduncles —one to
two inches long, one-half inch or so broad, crenate toothed, lamina about
twice the length of the petiole, mostly three-nerved; stipules linear-lance,
entire, or sparingly denticulate from a three to five-nerved membranous ex-
panded base of the petiole; peduncles longer than the leaves, somewhat
striate, bracteoles opposite, or alternate near the middle, linear-lance to sub-
late, entire, or denticulate; sepals three- nerved, lanceolate-ovate, acute or
sub-acute; flowers with somewhat erect aspect, blue-veined or lined, and
violet-tinted, spur short, s raght, obtuse, lateral petals obovate-obtuse, or
rounded, quite naked; style short, clavate-capitate— urceoloid, foramen sub-
lipped or beaked, glabrous; capsules ovoid, immature.

r

Viola chrysantha, var. Ne.vadensis, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 229.
Scarcely differing from the ordinary form.

V. decora, Kellogg, Pacific Rural Press, May 31st, 1879.
V. Beckwithh, Torr. & Gray. A form with all the petals
blue.

V. Brooksii, Kellogg, Cal. Horticulturist, Sept. 1879.
Probably a good species; certainly not V. aurea as sug-
gested by Mr. Watson, in Bot. Cal. ii. 433. The descrip-

132 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

tion is incomplete, the flowers not having been collected.
The original diagnosis is appended.

Stem £— 1 ft. high, soft hairy throughout: root leaves 5—9 inches loug;
on lower stem 4 — S, and successively shortening or set close to the stem at
the top; blade egg-shaped, mainly .1 — I as long as the leaf-stem and short
wedge-form at base, slightly toothed on the margin.

Stipular appendages very unequal (alike in specimens from Shasta by H.
Edwards, from Kern County by S Brannan, Jr., and from Siskiyou County
by Elisha Brook-;); larger f inch long smaller .{ — h inch, oblong to heartform,
nearly sharp pointed, toothed or entire, leafy.

Tilamentous appendages of the anthers very narrow, thread-like (not at all
widened or wing-heeled as in the allied V. glabella, types of which we have
from the same section); flowers none (ate in the season) probably yellow;
fruit on very short stems about \ the leaves.

Unfortunately all our specimens for the last eight or ten years have been
imperfect, even this last one has not the root; perennial?

V. monfana, Kellogg, 1. c. i. 56.
Y. lobata, Benth. A low form.

V. Sequoiensis, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 185.
V. lobata, Benth.

Polygala cornuta, Kellogg, 1. c. i. 62.
P. Californica, Nutt.

S'dene Dorrii, Kellogg, 1. c. iii. 44.
S. Mexziesii, Hook.

Alshie palvstre, Kellogg, 1. c. iii. 61.
Arenaria palustris, Watson.

Spraguea pantculata, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 187. Obtained
anew last year from the original locality. Very different in
habit from S. Umbellata, the stems branching paniculatelv
beginning near the ground: sepals larger, drawn into
folds by the thick greenish midrib: seeds reniform, in the
original species they are short-oblong.

Lewisia alba, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 115.
L. rediviva, Pursh.

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 1 33

Idria, Kellogg.

f'lria columnaria, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 34. Hesperian, May,
1860, with fig.

Fouquiera columnaris, Kellogg in herb.

Ceanothus azureus, Kellogg, 1. c. i. 55.
C. soredtatus, Hook. & Arn.

C. cordulatjs, Kellogg 1. c. ii. 124.

C- Calif or ulcus, Kellogg, 1. c. i. 55. ) C. integerr mi's
" Nevadensis, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 152. ( Hook. & Arn.

( '. diversij alius, Kellogg, 1. c. i. 58.
0. hirsutus, Nutt.

Staphylea geniculaia, Kellogg, 1. e. ii. 22. This plant is
represented in the herbarium only by some twigs bearing
mature fruit. The capsules bear a considerable resemblance
to those of Rhynchotheca, a South American genus.

Hypericum bracteatum, Kellogg, 1. c. i. 65.
H. concinnum, Benth.

LiVATERA. assurgextiflora, Kellogg, 1. c. i. 14.

Malvastrum splendidum, Kellogg, 1. c. i. 65.

Hibiscus Californicus, Kellogg, 1. c. iv. 292.
? If. moscheutos var. occideutcdis, Ton*. Bot. Wilkes Expd.
No specimen in the herbarium.

Gossypium Davidsonii, Kellogg, 1. c. v. 82.

Liuum decurrens, Kellogg 1. c. iii. 44.

L. PERENNE, L.

L. trisepalum, Kellogg, 1. c. iii. 42.
Helianthemum scoparium, Nutt.

Tribulus Fisheri, Kellogg, 1. c. vii. 162.

T. GRANDIFLORUS, Beiltll.

134 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Rhamm ilvicifolias KeWogg 1. c. ii 37. i R . CR0CEAj Nutt .
R. insiuus, Kellogg. 1. c. ii. 20. J

The latter is said to have greenish-black fruit; probably an

error, as it does not otherwise differ from the preceding.

Khus Lentii, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 16 Hesperian, with fig.
Nov. 1859. Collected by Dr. Veatch on Cedros Island, and
named for William M. Lent of this city, in recognition of
his services to science in promoting the expedition.

Rhus Veatehiana, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 24. Hesperian, with
fig. April, 1860.

Yeatchia Cedkosensis, Gray, Bull. Cal. Acad. No. 1. 1884.
Collected by Dr. Veatch, on Cedros Island.

Lupinus calcaratus, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 195. Hesperian, Jan.
1863. Collected by H. C. Dorr, near Virginia City, Nev.

L. caudatus, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 196. Hesp. 1. c. This was
collected at the same place as the preceding, and both were
re-collected in the original locality last year. It seems to
be distinct from L. laxifiorus, Dougl. to which it is referred
by Mr. Watson. The limits of several of these closely rela-
ted species are still very uncertain.

L. cervinus, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 229. The specimen is in bad
condition, but is certainly not L. affirm. The pubescence is
appressed silky-villous on both surfaces: upper lip of the
calyx merely notched: petals more than 6 lines long, nearly
equal: the flowering spike twenty-five inches in length.
Probably not an annual.

L. citrinus, Kellogg, 1. c. vii. 93.

L. confertus, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 192.

L. ladeus, Kellogg, 1. c. v. 37.

L. microcarpus, Sims. Specimen missing

L. Menziesii, var. aurea, Kellogg 1. c. v. 16.
L. densiflorus, Benth. Specimen missing.

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 1 35

L. luteolus, Kellogg, 1. c. v. 38. Found last year grow-
ing abundantly in Lake County near Epperson's. Steins
stout, branching, 2 — -4 feet high.

L. palustris, Kellogg, 1. c. v. 16.

The specimen so labeled in the herbarium is L. atfitns,
but it is described as having persistent bracts!

L. selhdus, Kellogg, 1. c. v. 36.

L. MINIMUS, Dougl.

L. sekicatus, Kellogg, 1. c. vii. 92.

Obtained again in 1884 in abundant specimens from the
original locality (Cobb Mountain, nenr Anderson's Springs).
An excellent species, and one of the handsomest of the
genus.

L. Stiveri, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 192.

Found last year on the rocky cliffs of the American Kiver
atFolsom; a very unexpected locality; the seeds probably
brought down by the winter floods.

Trifolium pauciflorum, var. parvum, Kellogg, 1. c. v. 54.
T. multicaule, M. E. Jones.

Hosackia argentea, Kellogg, 1. c. iii. 38.
H. argophylla, Gray.

H. balsamifeva, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 125.
H. stipularis, Benth

H. macrophylla, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 123.

Specimen missing; probably a variety of the above,
although the stipules are described as narrowly lanceolate.

Psoralea fndicosa, Kellogg, 1. c. vii. 91.
P. bracteata, Linn. — Cape of Good Hope.

Collected by F. P. McLean on Mt. Tamalpais, probably
in an abandoned clearing; not since met with.

136 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Phaca fastidia, Kellogg, Hesperian, June, 1860, with fig.

Apparently Astragalus Coulteri, but the specimen is
-very imperfect, and the colored drawing shows pale yellow
flowers. Dr. Kellogg thinks, but cannot be certain, that it
c .me from Cedros Island.

Astragalus hypoglottis, var. strlgosa, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 115.
A. tener, Gray.

Astragalus Gibbsii, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 162.

Probably A. cyrtoides, Gray, but specimen without fruit.

Vicia nana, Kellogg, 1. c. vii. 89,
Lathyrus Nevadensis, Watson.

V. truncata, var. villosa, Kellogg, 1. c. i. 57.
V. Americana, var. truncata, Brewer.

Lathyrus Lanszweriii, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 149.
L. palustris, Linn.

L. splendens, Kellogg, 1. c. vii. DO

Gerasus glandulosus, Kellogg, 1. c. i. 59.
Prunus emarginata, Warp.

Rabits glaucif alius, Kellogg, 1. c. i. 67.
R. leucodermis, Dougl.

Potentitta Clarkiana, Kellogg, 1. c. vii. 93.

Specimens very imperfect, probably P. Grayi, Watson.

Leptarrhena, Behr.

L. inundata, Behr. 1. c. i. 45.
Saxifraga peltata, Torr.

Heuchera Calif or nica, Kellogg, 1. c. v. 53.

Specimen missing; probably Tiarella unifoliata, Hook.

H. rubescens, var. glandidosa, Kellogg, 1. c. v. 45. Scarcely
differing from the ordinary form.

Piibesbalsamifera, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 94.
R. cereum, Dougl.

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 137

R. Nevadensis, Kellogg, 1. c. I. 63.
R. sanguineum var. malvaceum, Gray.

Ludwigia scabriuscula, Kellogg, 1. c. vii. 78.
Ammannia latifolia, L.

■Oenothera arborea, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 32. Hesperian, March,
1860, with fig.

Hauva arborea, Kellogg, in herb. — To the description of
this species must be added : upper margin of the seed
oblique and terminated by a membranous wing of the same
length. — Apparently quite distinct from any of the described
species.

<E. arcuate, Kellogg, 1. c. i. 58.

GODETIA VIMINEA, Spach.

(E. cruciformis, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 227.

(E. SCAPOIDEA, Nlltt.

(E. Nevadensis, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 227. tig. 70. The large
leaf accompanying the figure does not belong to it.

Re-collected last year on rocky hills near Reno, Nevada.
Quite distinct from (E. gauroeflora to which it has been re-
ferred.

(E. quadrivulnera, var. hirsuta, Kellogg, 1. c. v. 45.

GODETIA QUADRIVULNERA, Spach.

(E. viminea var. intermedia, Kellogg, 1. c. i. 60.

GODETIA QUADRIVULNERA, Spach.

Clarkia Eiseniana, Kellogg. 1. c. vii. 91.

C. ELEGANS, Dougl.

JPntzelia cordata, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 33. Hesperian, Oct.
1860, with fig.

Eucnide cordata, Kellogg, in herb.

M. crocea, Kellogg, 1. c. vii. 110.
M. Lixdleyi, Torr. & Gray.

138 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

M. pedinata, Kellogg, 1. c. iii. 40.
M. gracilenta, Torr & Gray.

M. Vealchiana, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 99.

M. ALBICAULIS, Dougl.

Marah, Kellogg.

M. muriccUa, Kellogg, 1. c. i. 38. Pacific, j April 6, '54.
Megarrhiza Marah, Watson. (July 7, "

Echinocystis miiricatus, Kellogg, 1. c. i. 57.
Megarrhiza muricata, Watson.

Marah minima, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 18.
Elaterium minimum, Watson.

Hydrocotyle prolifera, Kellogg, 1. c. i. 15.

Sanicula maritima, Kellogg, in herb. Watson Bot. Cal.
ii. 451.

Aralia Japonica, Kellogg, Pac. Rural Press, June 7th, 1879.

A pre-occupied name. Raised by W. G. W. Harford from
seed sent from Japan; stated to be used in the young state
for food. It cannot be identified at present for lack of ma-
terial for comparison.

Garrya Veatchu, Kellogg, Lev. 40. April, 1873.
Garrya Jiavescens, '^SV&tsou, Am. Nat. May, 1873.

Lonicera conjugialis, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 66. Hesperian,
Jan. 1861.

L. intermedia, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 154.
L. involucrata, Banks.

L. pilosa, Kellogg, 1. c. i. 62.

L. hispidula var. vacilllans, Gray.

Galium stellatum, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 94.

G. multiflorum, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 94.

Brickellia multiflora, Kellogg, 1. c. vii. 49. Repub-
lished inadvertently in Bull. Cal. Acad. No. 1. 8.

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 139

Grindelia latifolia, Kellogg, 1. c. v. 36.
G. glutinosa, Dunal.

Aptopappus Nevadensis, Kellogg, 1. c. iii. 9.

A. acaulis, Gray.

Linosyris dentatus, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 16.
Bigelovia yeneta, Gray, but the original specimens in-
clude also B. tridentata, Greene, a very distinct species.

Solidago elongata var. microcephalia, Kellogg, 1. c. v. 55.
The ordinary form with heads of full size.

Aster tenue, Kellogg, 1. c. vii. 114.

Not in the herbarium, perhaps A. exilis, Ell.

Erigeron discoidea, Kellogg, 1. c. v. 55.
Conyza Coulteri, Gray.

Conyza salicina, Kellogg, 1. c. iii. 36.
Baccharis viminea, DC.

Stylocline acaule, Kellogg, 1. c. vii. 112.

Evax caulescens var. minima, Gray; not E. acaulis, Greene.

Gnaphalium Nevadense, Kellogg, 1. c. v. 45.
Antennaria dtoica, Ga?rtn.

Melarrhiza, Kellogg.

M. inuloides, Kellogg, 1. c. i. 38.
Wyethia helenioides, Xutt.

Bahiopsis, Kellogg.

B. Janata, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 35. Hesperian, Aug. 1860,
with fig.

Viguiera lanata, Gray, according to Dr. Gray who is in
possession of the only specimen collected.

Helianthus giganteus, var. insulus, Kellogg, 1. c. v. 17.
H. Californicus. DC.

140 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Lipochceta hastata, Kellogg. 1. c. ii. 106.

Verbesina venosa, Greene, Bull. Torr. Club, ix. 110.

V. hastata, Kellogg, in herb.

Leptosyne gigantea, Kellogg. 1. c. iv. 198.

Madia radiata, Kellogg, 1. c. iv. 190.

Madaria corymbosa, var. frayaria, Kellogg, 1. c. i. 52,
Madia elegaxs, Don.

Hemitonia balsamifera, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 64.
H. corymbosa, Torr. &. Gray.

H. luzul.efolia, DC. var. frag 'aria , Kellogg. 1. e. ii. 69.

Calycadenia plumosa, Kellogg, 1. c. v. 49.
Hemizoxia plumosa, Gray.

Lagophylla minima, Kellogg, 1. c. v. 53. — Missing from
the herbarium; probably depauperate L. ramosissima.

Parthenopsis, K ellogg.

P. maritimus, Kellogg, 1. c. v. 101.
Yexegasia carpesioides, DC.

Adinolepis mufica, var. Kellogg, 1. c. vii. 131.
B.eria mutica, Gray.

BaJda cuneata, Kellogg, 1. c. v. 49.

Eriophyllum gespitosum var. integrifolium, Dougl.

Ejletes CaUfornicus, Kellogg, 1. c. i. 57.
Eriophyllum cespitosum, DC.

Hymenopappus Nevadensis, Kellogg, 1. c. v. 46.
Ch.enactis Nevadexsis, Gray.

Senecio spatuLifolia, Kellogg, 1. c. i. 56.

S. Layxe.e, Greene; first name pre-occupied.

Calais graciloba, Kellogg, 1. c. v. 48.
Microseris Boi.axderi, Grav.

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 141

Stephanomeria intermedia, Kellogg, 1. c. v. 39.
Microseris nutans, Gray.

Trixis Calif omica, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 182.

T. ANGUSTIFOLIA, DC.

Pterostephanus, Kellogg.

P. runcinatus, Kellogg, 1. c. iii. 21.
Anisocoma acaule, Torr. & Gray.

Crepis occidentals, var. Nevadensis, Kellogg, 1. c. v. 50.
" " " subacaulis, 1. c. a form.

Macrorhynchus angustifolius, Kellogg, 1. c. v. 47.
Troximon retrorsum, Gray.

Macrorhynchus Harfordii, Kellogg, 1. c. v. 47.
Troximon humile, Gray.

Campanula JiUflor a,, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 5.
C. prenanthoides, Durand.

JVahlenbergia Californica, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 158.
Campanula linn^eifolia, Gray.

Heterocodon minimum, Kellogg, 1. c. vii. 111.
Specularia biflora, Gray; a very reduced form.

Arctostaphylos Veatchii, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 19.
Xylococus bicolor, Nutt.
Arctostaphylos bicolor, Gray.

Ledum Californicum, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 14.

L. GLANDULOSUM, Nutt.

Pterosporopsis, Kellogg.

P. Sonoraensis, Kellogg, Pacific, June 9, 1854. — Specific
name from the town of Sonora in Tuolumne County, from
whence the plant was sent to Dr. Kellogg.

Sarcodes sanguinea, Torr.
6

142 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Azalea nudiflora var. ciliata, Kellogg, 1. c. i. 60.
Khododendrox occidentale, Gray.

Chionanthusfraxinifolius, Kellogg, 1. c. v. 18.
Fraxinus dipetala, var. brachyptera, Gray.

Asclepias acornutum, Kellogg, 1. c. i. 55.
Acerates atro-purpurea, Kellogg, 1. c. i. 65.

GOMPHOCARPUS CORDIFOLIUS, Beiltll.

Asclepias longicornis, Kellogg, 1. c. i. 65.
A. SPECIOSA, Torr.

Gentian a glauca var. Paulense, Kellogg, 1. c. vii. 115.
Not in the herbarium.

Tessera i ither am, Kellogg.

T. radiatum, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 144.
Frasera speciosa, Dougl

Gilta capillaris, Kellogg, 1. c. V. 46.
Collomia leptcdea, Gray.

Collomia micraniha, Kellogg, 1. c. iii. 18.

GlLIA GRACILIS, Hook.

Collomia tinctoria, Kellogg, 1. c. iii. 17.

Gilia tixctoria, Kellogg, in herb.— Nearly related to G.
leptotes, but differing in the long-acuminate calyx-teeth and
the clustered flowers, 2 — 6 in the axils.

Gilia Dunnii, Kellogg, Pacific Kural Press, May 31, 1879.
Lceselia effusa, Gray.

Nemoph'da modesta, Kellogg, 1. c. vii. 93. — Specimen lost;
probably N. Mexziesii, Hook. & Arn.

Phaeelia Brannani, Kellogg, 1. c. vii. 90.
P. Fremoxtii, Torr.

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 143

P. glandulosa, Kellogg, 1. c. vii. 92. — Name pre-occupiecl,
and the plant lias disappeared from the herbarium; proba-
bly P. Parryi.

Hesperochiron latifolius, Kellogg, 1. c. v. 44.
H. Californicus, Watson.

Nama racemosa, Kellogg, 1. c. v. 51.
Phacelia namatoides, Gray.

Mertensia stomatechoides, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 148.
M. Sibirica, Don.

Eritrichium connatifolium, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 163.
Krynitzkia Chorisiana Gray, Proc. Am Acad. xx. 267.

ECHINOSPERMUM NERVOSUM, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 146.

E. Californicum, Gray. — Dr. Kellogg's is a very inappro-
priate name, the nerves only apparent in the lower leaves,
but eminent authorities are of opinion that such names are
not to be changed even by the authors.

Oalystegia villosa, Kellogg, 1. c. v. 17.
Convolvulus villosus, Gray.

Ipomcea radiati folia, Kellogg, 1. c. vii. 163.

I. LEPTOTOMA, ToiT.

Anisela a urea, Kellogg, 1. c. v. 83.

Ipom.ea aurea, Kellogg, in herb. — Represented in the
herbarium only by a colored drawing. Dr. Gray in Syn.
Fl. states that it is the same as No. 71; in the collection of
Xantus, from the same district which was referred to
I. sinuata, as var. foUis-vrdegris in Proc. Am. Acad. v. 165.
Probably a distinct species.

Aniseia aziirea, Kellogg, 1. c. v. 89. — Of this also only the
colored drawing is to be found. It agrees very well with
the description of Jacquemontia tamni/olia. Dr. Gray refers
it to J. abutiloides, Benth.

144 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Cuscuta ceanothi, Belir. 1. c. i. 17; Pacific, Dec. 8, 1884.
From the description evidently G. subinclusa, Dur. & Hilg-

Antirrhinum vexillo-cahjculatum, Kellogg, 1. c. i. 27.

This was published in the Pacific, Feb. 2d, 1854, as A.
glandulosum, Kellogg, and shortly after republished without
explanation in the same journal as above. The specimens
have disappeared and it cannot be positively identified.
The colored drawing which is said to represent it, is cer-
tainly A. vagans, Gray, but there are irreconcilable differ-
ences between drawing and description, and the plant must
remain doubtful.

Saccularia, Kellogg.

S. Veatckii, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 17; Hesperian, July, I860,
with fig.
Antirrhinum (gambelia) junceum, Gray.

Collinsia solitaria, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 10.

" divaricata, Kellogg, 1. c. iii. 36.
C. sparsiflora, Fisch. &. Mey.

C. hirsute, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 110.

C. bartsi.efolia, Benth; the hirsute form.

C. septemnerva, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 224.
C. tinctoria, Hartweg.

Pentslemon carincdus, Kellogg, 1. c. i. 62.
P. breviflorus, Lindl.

P. tenellus, Kellogg, 1. c. i. 56.
P. azureus, Benth.

P. Cerrosensis, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 19; Hesperian, Jan.
1860, with fig.

P. breuilabris, Gray.

P. Kingii, var. glauca, Kellogg, 1. c. v. 39.
P. glaber, Pursh.

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 145

P. canoso-barbatum, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 15.

P. BREYIFLORUS, Lindl.

P. rostriflorum, Kellogg, 1. c. II. 15.

P. Bridg-esii, Gray. — The two Pentsteinons last mentioned
were collected by Mr. J. M. Hutchings in Yo Semite, and
published with drawings in Hutchings' Magazine for Sept.
1860. The description there given is much more intelligible
than that of Proc. Cal. Acad, but Dr. Kellogg by some
chance exchanged the colors of the flowers, which in the
Magazine are stated to be yellow in P. rostriflorum, and
red in P. canoso-barbatum.

The fragment of the former in the herbarium, however,
still retains its red color; the latter as is usual with that
species has become black.

Mimulus atropurpureus, Kellogg, 1. c. i. 59. — The colored
drawing of the original, by Dr. Kellogg, shows this to be
Eunanus Douglasii, Bentli.

Mimuhis Eisenii, Kellogg, 1. c. vii. 89.
M. laciniatus, Gray.

Diplacus stellatus, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 18. — Probably a
good species.

Ranapalus, Kellogg.

Pi. Eisenii, Kellogg, 1. e. vii. 113.
Heepestis rotundifolia, Pursh.

Chloropyron, Behr.

C. palustre, Behr, 1. c. i. 61.

CORDYLANTHUS MAEITIMUS, Nlltt.

Hedeoma purpurea, Kellogg, 1. c. v. 52. — No specimen of
this remains in the herbarium, but Dr. Gray, who has evi-
dently seen it, names it Miceomeeia puepurea, Gray.

Teuceium glandulosum, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 2B. — -Belated to
T. bicolor, Sm. from Chili, but quite distinct.

146 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Audibertia Dorrii, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 190.
A. incana, Benth.

Abronia Crux-Maltje, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 71.

Mirabilis Californica, var. vittosa, Kellogg, 1. e. iii. 10.
Not sufficient difference to constitute a variety.

Oxybaphm Froebelii, Belir, 1. c. i. 69.

Mirabilis Frozbelii, Greene; page 124 of this volume.

Antigonum leptopus, var. splendens, Kellogg, 1. c. v. 102.
Agrees very well with the description of A. cordatfm, Mart.
& Galeot.

Eumex Saxei, Kellogg, Pacific Rural Press, June 7, 1879.
R. hymenosepalus, Torr.

Simmondsia pabulosa, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 21; Hesperian,
Nov. 1860, with fig.
S. Californica, Nutt.

Quercus acroglandis, Kellogg, 1. c. i. 25.
Q. agrifolia, Ne'e.

Q. Ransomi Kellogg, 1. c. i. 25.
Q. Douglasii, Hook. & Arn.

Q. fidvescens, Kellogg, 1. c. i. 71.
Q. chrysolepis, Liebm.

Q. vaccinifolia, Kellogg, 1. c. i. 96.

Q. Morehus, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 36. Hybrid; Q. "Wislizeni
X Q- Kelloggii. Occasionally met with as isolated trees in
the region where the two species meet. Some examples were
observed last year by the writer at Sulphur Bank, in Lake
County; at Newcastle, Placer County, and at Folsom, Sacra-
mento County.

Quercus Dunnii, Kellogg, Pacific Rural Press, June 7,
1879.

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 147

Q. chrysolepis, var. Palmeri, Engelm. Trans. St. Louis
Acad. 1877.

Q. Palmeri, Engelm, Bot. Cal. ii. 97. Advance sheets is-
sued Oct. 1st, 1879. The original description is as follows:

A new oak is described by Dr. A. Kellogg, as follows:

The Dunn oak (Quercus Dunnii). — From Lower California, presented by
Mr. G. W. Dunn. This is a small tree, or commonly a clustered shrub, rarely
exceeding 10 feet high, and three to four inches in diameter. The foliage
bears some resemblance to our evergreen field oak (Q. agrifolia), but the
male catkins are in long, dense-flowered tassels, similar to Q. densiflora, the
Chestnut or Tan-bark oak of the coast (mainly); cups like the Italian brig-
and hat and almost destitute of any distinct scales; color foxy-yellowish
More specimens are desirable for comparison; meanwhile it is thought best to
make it known under the provisional name above. Leaves, perennial, sub-
cordate-ovate, corneously spinous-dentate, teeth often rather remote and
somewhat repand, abruptly acute, rigidly re-curved, laminal wings more or
less elevated and waved — tomentum very close, dense, dull whitish, chiefly
beneath — one-half to one and one-half inches long, and about one-half as
broad, petioles short one-sixth to one-eighth the length; fruit solitary; ses-
sile or short peduncled, on wood of the previous year — male aments in long
fascicles, dense white or sub-creamy flowers— (like those of a castanea; want-
ing in the specimens); cup, obconically bell-shaped, the very obscure scales
broad and thin, continuously united (apparently) into a succession of rings,
one above the other, with lessening intervals to the sub-entire thin, involuted
margin; slightly fulvous externally, scar small, one-half to two and one-half
lines broad; gland oblong-ovate, acute.

Juniperus Cerrosianus, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 37; Hesperian,
March, 1860, with fig. — Dr. Engelmann states in Trans. St.
Louis Acad. vol. iii. 588, that a specimen of this in Herb.
Torrey belongs to J. Californicus. There are however
abundant specimens in the herbarium of Cal. Acad, in all of
which the berries are bluish-black, large and globular,
always having as many as three, and often four well devel-
oped seeds. The foliage certainly is very like that of J. Cal-
ifornicus, but the fruit is very different.

Cupressus fragrans, Kellogg, 1. c. i. 103.
Chammjyparis Lawsoniana, Parlat.

Abies Bridgesii, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 14.
Tsuga Mertensiana, Carr.

118 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Taxodium giganteum, Kellogg & Bebr, 1. c. i. 54.
Sequoia gigantea, Decaisne.

Cypripedium fasciculatum, Kellogg, Pacific Rural Press,
May, 1879. — Republished by S. Watson in Proc. Am. Acad,
xvii 380, evidently without knowledge of the previous pub-
lication.

Sisyrinchium flavidum, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 50.
S. Californicum, Ait.

Allium axceps, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 109.

A. ATTENUIFOLIUM, Kellogg, 1.0. 110.

A. uxifolium, Kellogg, 1. c. 112.
A. parvum, Kellogg, 1. c. iii. 54.

BLOOMERIA, Kellogg

o?v

B. aurea, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 11; Hesperian, Dec. 1859,
with fig.

Brodlea terpestpjs. Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 6.

Galliprora aurantea, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 20. — Specimen lost
and species indeterminable from the defective description,
but probably from the expression "limb scarcely longer
than the pointed tube," a stout form of Brodlea gracilis,
Watson.

Veatcliht, Kellogg

&&•

V. crystallina, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 11.
Brodlea lactea, Watson.

Macroscapa, Kellogg.

M. volvhilis, Kellogg, Pacific, June 30, 1854.
Stropholirion Californicum, Torr. Pac. R. R. Rep. iv. 49.
Rupalleya volubilis, Moriere, Bull. Linn. Soc. deNor. 1863.

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 149

Dichehstemma Californica, Wood, Proc. Pliilad Acad, 1868.

Bbodi.ea yolubilis, Baker, Jour. Linn. Soc. 11, 378. — As
will be seen Dr. Kellogg's name for this plant is much the
earliest, and although very objectionable, would probably
have to be accepted if it were kept generically distinct. It
is however too much like B. congesia and B. midtiflora to be
separated from that genus without violence. Both of these
species have corollas nearly as urceolate, and are often
found twining with two or three turns. Color in this genus
is of small value ; most of the species being very variable, a
peculiarity shared by B. volubilis, which occasionally occurs
purplish-blue.

Chlorogalum angustifolium, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 104.

Lilioi Washingtonianum, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 12; Hespe-
rian, Oct. 1859.

L. pardalinum, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 12; Hesperian, Sept.
1859, with fig. and var. angustifolium, Kellogg, 1. c.

L. parvum, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 179; Hesperian, June, 1862.

L. Bloomerianium, Kellogg, 1. c. iv. 160.

" var. ocellatum, Kellogg, 1. c. v. 88. Not

in the herbarium.

L. Humboldtianum, Koezl. & Leicbt,

L. mafjtimum, Kellogg, 1. c. vi. 140.

L. lucidum, Kellogg, 1. c. vi. 144.
L. Columbianum, Hanson.

LiUorltiza, Kellogg.

Fritillaria alba, Kellogg, 1. c. i. 46.
Liliorhiza lanceolata, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 46.
Fritillaria liliacea, Lindl.

Fritillaria vibidis, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 19. (Name slightly
altered.)

150 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Liliorhiza viridea, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 48.
FritUlaria lanceolata var. gracilis, Wats. Proc. Am. Acad,
xv. 259.

Fritillaria multiflora, Kellogg, 1. c. i. 57; and Pacific,
June 8, 1855.

F. parviftora, Torr.

Liliorhiza Piattiana, Kellogg, Hesperian, Oct. 1862, with

Probably Fritilhrta pluriflora, Torr. although the fig-
ure shows the plant with only one flower, which is larger than
is usual in the species, and with broader leaves than the
ordinary form. Specimen missing.

Fritillaria midtiscapidea, Kellogg, 1. c. i. 46.
Erythronium purpurascens, Watson.

Cyclobothra ccerulea. Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 4.
Calochortus c.eruleus, Watson.

Calochortus lilacinus, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 5.

Trillium Calif ornicum, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 50.
T. ovatum, Pursh.

Juncus Lesuerii, Bolander, 1. c. ii. 179.

Commelyna angustifolia, Kellogg, Pacific Kural Press, May
31, 1879. Plant missing, but evidently C. dianthifolia,
DC.

Setaria Californica, Kellogg, 1. c. i. 27. The colored
drawing of this plant remains in the herbarium, but the
specimen is missing. It has not been identified and is
probably not indigenous.

Panicum thermal e, Bolander, 1. c. ii. 181.
P. dichotomum, Linn.

Stipa Bloomeri, Bolander, 1. c. iv. 168.

S. Sibirica, Lam.

Stipa Kingh, Bolander, 1. c. iv. 170.

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 151

Stipa Stilmani, Bolander, 1. c. iv. 169.

Danthonta Californica, Bolander, 1. c. ii, 182.

Melica stricta, Bolander, 1. c. iii. 4, & iv. 104.

M. imperfecta, Triii. var. flexuosa, Bolander, 1. c. iv. 101.

M. Harfordii, Bolander, 1. c. iv. 102.

M. acuminata, Bolander, 1. c. iv. 104.

M. fugax, Bolander, 1. c. iv. 104.

Polt/podlum carnosum, Kellogg, 1. c. ii. 88.
P. Scouleri, Hook. & Grew

P. falcatum, Kellogg, 1. c. i. 19.

Descriptions of some Californian Plants collected by the writer

in 1884..

BY MARY K. CURRAN.

Delphinium uliginosum. Slightly pubescent; stems gen-
erally strict, 1 — l.i feet high from a tuberous root, leal'v
only at the base: leaves triangular in outline, 3-cleft, the
segments about 3-toothed, mucronulate: petioles nearlv
equaling the blade: racemes open; pedicels stout, ascend-
ing h — 2 inches long: flowers deep blue, about an inch long,
including the straight slender spur which nearly equals the
sepals : petals slightly pubescent, the lateral ones ciliate on
the margin: ovary and capsule pubescent: seeds about a
line long, the coat black, closely conformed to the nucleus,
and rough with minute rounded projections which form
irregular horizontal ridges.- — Collected in swampy ground,
almost in the water, Lake county, near Epperson's, July,
1884. Related to D. scaposum, Greene.

152 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Lcefltngia pusill a . Glandular-pubescent, low and spread-
ing: stems 2 — 3 inches long; leaves subulate: sepals nar-
rowly lanceolate, abruptly acute, all entire, neither rigid
nor squarrose: petals none: stamens 5: style none: cap-
sule triangular as long as the sepals, many seeded. — Tehach-
api, Alt. 4,000 feet, May. A much more delicate plant than
L. s-quarwsa.

Linum (Hesperolinon) drymaeioides. Pubescent, 6 — 15
inches high, 1) ranching and spreading dichotomously from
near the base: stipular glands, none; leaves ovate, acute, green
above, glaucous beneath; the lower often in whorls of 4,
bordered by several rows of minute stipitate glands: flowers
solitary, on pedicels 1 — 2 lines long; sepals lanceolate, acumi-
nate, glandular-serrate: petals rose-colored with darker
veins, twice as long as the sepals, the appendages at the
base uniting in front and forming a minute, 3-toothed
pouch: styles, 3: capsule ovate, 6-celled, J shorter than the
calyx. — Lake county, near Epperson's, Aug., 1884. In
aspect much resembling some of our southern species of
Drymaria.

ASTRA1

Two very distinct species have been included in A. didy-
mocarpus. (Proc. Am. Acad. vi. and Bot. Cal. i. 146.)
Abundant specimens from many localities added to the
herbarium during the year, show the necessity of their sep-
aration. Indeed the} r are so very distinct that it is a matter
for surprise that they were ever confounded. Nuttall dis-
tinguished them clearly in his species A. Catalinensis and
A. nigrescens, but his descriptions were evidently drawn from
immature plants, and are much too short. The diagnostic
differences are given below.

A. didymocarpus, Hook. k Am, Bot. Baechey, 334, t. 81.

A. Catalinensis, Nutt. PI. Gambel. 152. Spike dense;

flowers nearly sessile: fruiting calyx as long as the pod and

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 153

concealing it: corolla persistent: legumes erect, obovate,
strongly wrinkled, laterally compressed. — Antioch; Tehach-
api; Mojave Desert.

A. nigrescens, Nutt. 1. c. not of Gray. Lower and more
slender; spike loosely flowered: pedicels short, slender:
fruiting calyx ^ as long as the pod: legume ovate, lightly
wrinkled, pubescent, pendulous, strongly obcompressed
except the apex. — Lake county; Folsom, and all around the
bay of San Francisco.

The name was unfortunately chosen, and is even to a cer-
tain extent false — the plant having much less of the black
pubescence than the former, and in fruit losing nearly all
trace of it. Phaca nigrescens, Pal. (A. nigrescens, Gray) does
not interfere with Nuttall's name, being now only a synonym
of A. multi floras, Gray.

Purshia glandulosa. Dark green and glabrous except a
slight pubescence on the lower surface of the leaves, 4 — 8
feet high: young shoots covered with prominent glands:
leaves 3 — 6 lines long, 3 — 4 toothed, or cleft, and bordered
with translucent punctate^glands; stipules scarious, small;
flowers nearly sessile : calyx pubescent but not glandular :
petals pale yellow 5 — 8 lines long: capsule pubescent, obo-
vate, the body scarcely projecting beyond the calyx-lobes;
seed flesh-colored, very broadly obovate, the layer of resin-
ous matter between the coats very pale. — On the Mojave
side of Tehachapi Pass, May (flowers) and July, (a special
trip for the fruit) 1884.

In appearance strikingly distinct from P. tridentata, with its
often almost silvery foliage. The seeds of the latter, also,
are black, and of very different shape from those of P. gland-
ulosa.

Eryngiuai Harknessii. Erect, slender, 2—4 feet high, di-
chotomously branched above : radical and lower leaves con-
sisting only of the jointed fistulous petiole, often very long:

154 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

cauliue leaves lanceolate, entire, sparingly ciliate-toothed,
on jointed petioles of equal length, lacerate-fringed near the
base; upper, reduced to sessile laciniate bracts: heads pedi-
cellate, oblong, ^ — J inch in diameter, blue: involucre of
8 — 10, narrow bracts, exceeding the head, sparingly toothed
and reflexed: calyx-segments subulate, canaliculate, twice as
long as the petals and equaling the styles: corolla bluish:
seeds but little longer than broad, covered with short and
rather soft apiculate scales, becoming ferruginous brown. —
Suisun Marsh, Aug. 1833; Dr. Harkness.

Veiy distinct from any form of E. petiolatum; not rigid,
and only the bracts of the head prickly.

Nemacladus rigidus. Slightly pubescent, prostrate and
branching only at the base: branches stout and rather rigid,
zigzag, 2 — 1 inches long: leaves thick, entire, spatulate-lan-
ceolate: pedicels 3 — 8 lines long: calyx gibbous; teeth irregu-
lar: corolla purple, shorter than the calyx-lobes; petals
separate: stamineal tube very short: capsule globular in-
cluded in the calyx: seeds oval, reddish, longitudinally-
striate. — Geiger Grade, near Virginia City, Nevada, July.
The stoutest of the genus. Whole plant purplish.

Trichostema ovatum. Villous-pubescent, 1 — 2 feet high,
branching from the base, branches ascending, virgate, leafy:
leaves short-ovate, mucrouate, very shortly petiolate, about
as long as the internodes, lower surface ribbed by 3-6 strong
nerves which follow the outline of the leaf and terminate
before reaching the margin: cymes shortly peduucled:
calyx densely villous: tube of the corolla slender about
three lines long, twice the length of the calyx; lobes villous
externally: stamens 6 — 3 lines longer than the corolla: seeds
tuberculate, spatulate-obovate in outline, densely villous. —
Bakersfield, July, 1831. Readily distinguished from T.
lanceolatum, by its very small flowers and nearly round
leaves.

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 155

Allium hyalinum. Outer bulb-coats dark gray; reticula-
tion distinct, horizontally serrate, resembling that of A.
attenuifolium but less regular: leaves very narrow: scape
8—12 inches high : spathe valves 2, short and acute: umbels
lax, 6-12 flowered; pedicels slender 10-16 lines long: perianth
pale, becoming thin, hyaline and spreading in fruit; seg-
ments lanceolate, acute but not acuminate, 4 — 6 lines long :
filaments narrowly deltoid above the united adnate base,
about half as long as the perianth-segments: stigma entire;
capsule not crested, 1 -seeded. — Along streams on McKew-
en's Ranch, El Dorado County, May, 1884.

4 .
SOME NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS ASTRALAGUS

BY EDWARD LEE GREENE.

A. streptopus. Annual, diffusely branched, a foot or
more high, minutely pubescent : leaflets in 5 — 7 pairs, linear-
oblong, retuse, 3—4 lines long: peduncles slender, 6 inches
long, 3 — 5-flowered: pedicels remote, slender, twisted: calyx
small, the slender teeth surpassing the tube: corolla not
seen: pod linear, an inch long, ascending, slightly incurved,
compressed, completely two-celled, the dorsal side turned
upward by the twisting of the pedicel.

Mohave Desert, 1884, collected by Mrs. M. K. Cm-ran.

A near relative of A. Nuttallianus.

A. recurvus. Glabrous, a foot high, from a perenuial
root; stems numerous, slender, erect or at base somewhat
decumbent: leaflets in 6 — 8 pairs, obovate- to linear-oblong,
acute, }-l inch long: peduncles strict, few-flowered, the
flower unknown; fruiting pedicels deflexed: pod linear-ob-
long, | inch long, compressed, incompletely 2-celled, arcuate-
recurved.

156 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Mountains of the northern part of Arizona, 1883, Dr. H.
H. Rusby.

A quite peculiar species in respect to the curvature of the
pod, the direction of which is the reverse of that of other
species.

A. albens. White throughout with a short, appressed,
silky pubescence : branches spreading, less than a foot long,
from a perennial root : leaflets in about four pairs, obovate ,
obtuse, 3 — 5 lines long: raceme few-flowered: pedicels very
short: calyx-teeth subulate, equaling the tube: corolla 4
lines long, purple: pod oblong, slightly compressed, falcate-
incurved, silky pubescent.

Mohave Desert, May, 1882, S. B. and W. F. Parish, No.
1274.

Perhaps nearest A. Cobrensis, but that is a green and
glabrous, considerably smaller plant with straight pods.

A. candicans. Near A. 3£issouriensis but smaller, white-
silky, the pubescence closely appressed: caudex branching:
leaflets obovate or oblong a half inch long, in about four
approximate pairs: peduncles scape-like, erect, a span high:
raceme subcapitate, 8 — 10-flowered: corolla a half inch
long, red purple: calyx- teeth triangular-lanceolate, two-
thirds as long as the campanulate tube: pod narrowly ob-
long, a half inch long, straight, nearly cylindrical, sulcate
below, completely two-celled, white silky.

Northern Arizona, 1883, Dr. H. H. Rusby.

A. Layne.e. Soft-villous throughout: sub-caulescent,
less than a foot high, rather stout: leaflets in 9 — 11 pairs,
obovate, obtuse, a half inch long: peduncles stout, 8 — 10
inches long: raceme loose: corolla not seen : calyx-teeth tri-
angular-subulate, short: pod nearly 2 inches long, acumi-
nate at each end, obcompressed, partially 2-celled, strongly
incurved, soft-hairy.

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 157

Mohave Desert, Parish Brothers, 1882, No. 1273; Mrs.
M. K. Layne-Curran, iu the same locality, 1881.

Resembling the Mollissimi. In Mrs. Carran's very ma-
ture specimens the long pods are curved into a ring. In the
younger ones, collected by Mr. Parish, they are only moder-
ately incurved.

A. pachypus. Near A. arredus: stems rigid and flexuous,
2 — 4 feet high, the upper portion, together with the younger
foliage, minutely white-pubescent: leaflets in 8 — 10 pairs,
narrowly liuear, truncate or retuse, an inch long: peduncles
stout: racemes few-fiowered: corolla ochroleucous or white,
"8 lines long: calyx-teeth linear-subulate, fully equaling the
campanulate, slightly gibbous tube: pod when young thick
and succulent, in maturity hard-coriaceous, glabrous, much
wrinkled,an inch and a half long, mucronate, somewhat com-
pressed, slightly incurved, both sutures prominent, com-
pletely 2-celled, erect or ascending on a very stout stipe
which a little exceeds the calyx.

Mountains of Kern County, California, June, 1884, Mrs.
Curran.

A. Hosackle. Phaca, near J!. Sonorce: prostrate, sparing-
ly pubescent with soft, spreading hairs: leaflets rather
crowded in about 7 pairs, elliptical, acute, glabrous above:
peduncles exceeding the leaves: racemes short: calyx-teeth
setaceous, surpassing the campanulate tube : pod obscurely
puberulent, ovate, acute, J inch long, the ventral suture
prominent.

Northern Arizona, 1883. Dr. Busby.

The crowded leaflets give the plant something of the as-
pect of a Hosackia. The resemblance to its near relative
in the genus is not striking, that being a silvery-silky spe-
cies, and this not in the least canescent.

A. Califoentcus. Stems numerous, erect and simple,
rather stout, 1| feet high: pubescence loose, cinereous:

7

158 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

leaflets linear or oblong, in about 11 pairs: peduncles tlirice
the length of the leaves: pedicels ascending: calyx oblong,
somewhat gibbous, the teeth triangular-subulate, the^pubes-
cence nigrescent : corolla ochroleucous, 7 — 9 lines long : pod
coriaceous, purple-blotched, an inch and a half long, straight,
on a slender stipe, deflexed. — A. collinus, var. Galifornicus,
Gray, Proc. Am. Acad, xii, 54.

Collected only by the writer, in Siskiyou County, Califor-
nia, 1876. However like A. collinus, Dougl. the flowering
specimens appear, the pods of the two are very dissimilar.
The differences of size, form, texture and position are very
marked. Those of A. collinus are much firmer, shorter, al-
ways erect, and manifestly incurved.

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 159

FUNGI OF THE PACIFIC COAST.

BY H. W. HARKNESS.

Hydnum gelatinosum Scop. — Collected by E. J. Molera,
on Pseudotsuga Douglasii, Lagunitas. Feb. 1885. 3910.

Sparassis crispa Fr. — Brought from Coos Bay, Oregon,
Feb. 1885, by Capt. George A. Holt. One of the esculent
fungi; sufficient to afford a meal for a large family, the spec-
imen being 18 inches in diameter. 3911.

Tremella moriformis Berk. — On Aplopappus ericoid"S,
San Francisco, Jan. 2971.

Phallus impudicus Linn. — On sand hills near San Fran-
cisco, June. 2575.

Polyplocium inquinans Berk. — What we take to be this
species, was found last year at Roseville; Folsom; in Lake
County, and at Tehachapi. Some of the specimens were
very large: pileus 12 cm. across, and stipe 12 — 16 cm. long,
very thick and stout. In many cases the volvaeforni perid-
ium does not rupture at all, and the hymenium is exposed
from the destruction of the stem by the larvas of insects,
which seem exceedingly fond of it, as it is impossible to find
one half-grown not already infested. 3876.

P. Californicum. Peridium grayish, soon rupturing, and
widely separated by the slender elongating stipe, which is
10 — 20 cm. long, and 1 — ! J cm. in diameter: pileus flat or de-
pressed, 2 — 4 cm. broad: hymenium rusty-black soon dusty;
spores dark reddish-brown, nearly globular, 6 — 8 pi. — Sand
hills west of San Francisco, June. So far we have never
succeeded in finding it in the young state. It is very dis-
tinct from the first species, and bears a considerable resem-
blance to the next genus. 2580.

160 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

IVIontagnites Candollei Fr. — Pyramid Lake, Aug. and
Mojave Desert, May. 3874

Lycoperdon sculptcm. Subglobose or obovate 8 — 15 cm.
in diameter, pure white. Outer peridium very thick, form-
ing pyramidal masses, 2 — 4 cm. in breadth and 1| — 3 in
height, which are longitudinally grooved by many parallel
lines; in age dividing vertically into several segments which
usually remain attached at the apex: spore mass bright yel-
low, becoming cinereous: flocci yellow, 6 — 10 pi: spores
smooth pale, 5 — 8 pi. Plate I. 3580

A curious and strikingly beautiful species. It is very
rare, and found only at considerable elevations, 6 — 8000
feet; in the Sierra Nevadas. In appearance it differs so
much from any species known to us, as to be almost deemed
worthy of generic rank. The structure however is exactly
that of Lycoperdon, the peculiar development of the cortex
being the chief difference between it and its congeners.

The accompanying plate was lithographed from the pho-
tograph of one of medium size in my possession, and with
the exception of being much too dark is a fairly good repre-
sentation.

Lycoperdon cyathiforme Bosc. — Tehachapi, June. 3891.

Phoma samarorum Desm. — On samaras of Fraxinus Ore-
gana, San Rafael, Autumn. 2922.

Asteroma ros.i: DC. — On living leaves of Rosa Californica,
May. 2298.

Diplodia phoradendri Cke. — On leaves of Phoradendron
flavescens, Antioch, Sept. 2834.

Ascochyta pisi Lib. — On leaves of Lathyrus palmier,
Berryvale, July. 3346.

Darluca filum Cast — On Uromyces, San Francisco, Julv.

2663.

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 161

Septoria aceris B. & Br. — On leaves of Negundo aceris,
San Francisco, August. 2776.

Ch.^tophoma quercifolia Cke. — On living leaves of Quer-
cas agrifolia, Berkeley, April. 3125.

Gl^osporium phomiforme Sacc. & Ell. — On Phormium
tenax, San Francisco, March. 2224.

G. nervisequum (Fckl.) — On living leaves and twigs of
Platanus racemosa, throughout the country. "The Sycamore
disease," the ravages of which continued for many years,
have robbed the banks of our streams of much of their
beauty. April — September. 3249.

Marsonia potentill.f Sacc. &EU. — On Potent ilia anserina,
San Francisco, June. 3147.

M. Populi Desm. — On living leaves of Popidus Fremontii,
Sacramento, June, 2049.

Septogleum defolians. Oozing out in flesh-colored heaps
all over the leaves and petioles: spores 3 — 7-septate more or
less curved or flexuous 4 X 68. — On Querciis Kelloggii, in the
foothills of the Sierra Nevada, July, 1884. 3705.

This fungus was so abundant last year as to make great
numbers of trees almost leafless.

Coryneum umbonatum Tul. — On twigs of Quercus Douglasii,
Antioch. 3468.

Pestalozzia Planimi Vize, Grev. vi. 109. — This is an
error of the printer for P. Euonymi; but the name although
meaningless may be allowed to stand. The host-plant is
Euonymus Japonicus.

Ustilago vinosa Tul. — On Oxyria digyna, Donner Lake,
Aug. 3889.

U. urceolorum Tul. — On Carex, LakeTahoe, Aug. 3380.

Sorosporium Californicum. — Spores nearly globular in

162 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

outline, light yellowish-brown, composed of 10 — 20 cells,
all minutely papillate, 30 — 38 /j.. Completely filling the
heads of Grindelia and destroying all trace of the akenes.
The affected plant produces a greatly increased num-
ber of heads, which are all or nearly all infested and only
about J of their normal size. Antioch, Aug. 3800.

S. trientalts "Woron. — On Trientalis Earopcea, Alaska.
Collected by Dr. Kellogg. 3483.

iEomiUM sarcobati Pk. — Periderrnium gracile, Hk. On
leaves of Sarcobotus vermiculatus, Reno, Sept. 3568.

Puccinia porphyrogenita Curt. — On Cornus Canadensis,
Alaska, Aug. 3494.

JEcidium & Puccinia Solani Cooke. — On Cliamaisaraclia
nana, covering the whole plant. Streets of Truckee, Aug.

3744.

P. veratri Niessl. — On leaves of Veralrum Californicum,
Truckee, Aug. 3371.

iEciDiUM statices Desm. and Uromyces Limonii Lev. — On
leaves of Statice limonium and Armeria vulgaris, San Fran-
cisco. 3135.

Puccinia Circle Pers. — On leaves of Circcea Pacifica, Yo
Semite, July. 3485.

P. Asari Lk. — On leaves of Asarum, Yo Semite, July
1884. 3527.

Phragmidium fragarle DC.— On leaves of Potentilla gra-
cilis, Reno, Aug. 3350.

Triphragmium echinatum Lev. — On leaves and stems of
(Enanthe Calif or nica, San Francisco, June, 2570.

Trichobasis hydrocotyles Cke. — On Hydrocotyle pro-
lifera, San Francisco, Sept. 3383.

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. ]63

Melampsora lini Desm. — On leaves and stems of Linum
Breweri, L. congesta, and L. drymarioides, April — August.

3481.

Cystopus candidus Lev. On leaves of Brassica r<tp<t,
Berkeley, Nov. 2903.

C. cubicus Str. — On living leaves of Senecio lugens, San
Francisco, April. 3166.

Graphiola Phcenicis Poit. — On Phoenix dactylifera, San
Francisco. 2070.

Volutella buxi Berk. — On dead leaves of Buxus semper-
virens, San Francisco, Aug. 2748.

Theclospora lateralis. Heaps scattered I — 1 mm. in
diameter: kypka white, branching, penetrating the thick
hyaline border of the spore and leaving it near the same
spot: spores smaller and with narrower border than in T.
bifida, 20 — 28//. — On rotting stems of Nerium Oleander,
Oakland, Feb. 2632.

Differing curiously in appearance from the other species
in which the hypha seems to pass directly through the spore
emerging at the opposite side. In this the spores seem to
be attached along the side of the hypha, or where it is
broken seem to be terminal.

DICRANIDION

(Etym. Dikranos, a fork).

Acervuli pale, scattered. Spores hyaline, septate, shaped
like a tuning-fork, attached by the closed extremity to short
branching hypha.

D. fragile. Acervuli, rosy- white, minute, scattered:
spores hyaline, 4-septate, shaped like a tuning-fork, at-
tached by the closed extremity, easily separating, each
arm dividing near the centre, and near the base, forming
one rounded and four oblong segments; length of spore
12 — 16: width of arm, 4 — 5 /*. — On decaying Nerium Olean-
der, Oakland, Feb. 3631.

In appearance much like Fusarium.

164 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Stigmina platani, Sacc. — On leaves of Platanus racemosa,
Niles, Nov. 3381.

Clasterisporium strepsiceras (Ces).— On dead stems of
Sambucus, Sausalito, June. 2(500.

Triposporium elegans Corda. — On decaying Eucalyptus
globulus, San Francisco, Sept. 2857.

Chalara setosa. Conceptacles flask-shaped, pale brown,
abruptly contracting into a neck about twice tlie length of
the body, united at the base into tufts, from among which
spring non-septate set* of 8 or 10 times their length : spores
hyaline, oblong, uniseptate, truncate at the ends. Set?e
8 X 224, flask 12 X 24; spore 4 X 20.

Forming small, very pale brown spots on the upper sur-
face of dead leaves of Quercus densifiora. Tamalpais, Nov.

2907.

C. fusidioides Corda. — On decaying Eucalyptus, San Fran-
cisco, Sept. 2851.

C. Montellica Sacc. — On Eucalyptus globulus, San Fran-
cisco, Sept. 2852.

C. brachyptera Sacc. — On Umbellularia Calif or nica, de-
caying, Sausalito, Aug. 2744.

Celetopsis fusca Corda. — On Eucalyptus decaying, San
Francisco, Sept. 2854.

Stysanus stemoxitis Corda. — On decaying leaves of Eu-
calyptus, San Francisco, January. 3609.

Cercospora glomerata. Hypha short, springing from an
oblong upright mass J mm. in length; spores brown, slightly
attenuated upwards, 3 — 5-septate, 10 — 12x60 — 70//. — On
living leaves of Garrya elliptica, Tamalpais, March, 1884.

3651.

Tetraploa scabra. Effused in small greenish-black
patches: spores brown, oval, quadriarticulate, studded all

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 165

over with minute papillae: setae septate, widely diverging,
often ten times the length of the spore. 30x50. — On
Scirpus, San Francisco, February. 2794.

Differs from the two other species by tiie shape of the
spore, narrowed above and below, by the rough surface of
the epispore, and the very long setae.

Septosporium velutinum Cke. & Ell. — On Garrya elliptica,
Sausalito, September. 3382

Zygosporium oscheoides Mont. — On dead leaves of Ficus
laurifolia, San Francisco, December, 1884. A very peculiar
plant which, so far as I know, has not been found since it
was first collected in Cuba. 3862.

Helmixthosporium persistens Cke. — On twigs of Quercus
agrifolia, San Francisco, Winter. 1966.

Cladosporium viticolum Ces. — On living leaves of Vitis
Californka, Calistoga, September. 3714.

Eamularia urtkle Ces. — On living leaves of Urlica holo-
sericea, Berkeley, November. 2902.

Microstroma leucosporum (Mont.) — On Jwjlans Begin,
Berkeley, July. 3697.

Podosph.era Kunzei Lev. — On living leaves and fruit of
Prunus demissa, Reno, August. 3356

Microsph.eria SYMPHORiCARPi Howe. — On living leaves of
Symphoricarpus racemosus, Sausalito, July. 2650.

Asterina plantaginis Ell. — On living leaves of Pluntago
major, San Francisco, March. 3073.

Diatrype asterostoma B. cfc C. — On dead steins of Rhodo-
dendron oecidentale, Santa Cruz, May. 2537.

Anthostoma mortuosa (Ell.) — On decaying stems of Scir-
pus, San Francisco, July. 2706.

166 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Teabutia QUERCINA (Fr. & Pud.) — On living leaves of
Quercus agrifolia, San Francisco, March. 3081.

To this must be added as a synonym Bhytisma erythros-
porum B. & C. Proc. Am. Acad. iv. 128.

Botryosphaeria ambiguum (Schw.) — On dead stems of
Hints diversiloba, Oakland, September. 2830.

B. Quercuum (Schw.) — On dead bark of Quercus agrifolia,
Sausalito, December. 2953.

Eriospileria investans (Cke.) — On dead stems of Euca-
lyptus globulus, San Francisco, June. 2597.

DiDYMOSPHiERiA cupula Ell. — D. circinans Hk. 2877.

Parodiella perisporioides (B. & C.) — On living leaves of
Phaseolus Wriglidi, Arizona. Collected by J. G. Lemmon.

2910.

Leptospileria Ogilviensis (B. & Br.) — On dead stems of
Erigeron Canadense, San Francisco, June. 2610.

Valsaria eucalypti (K. & C.) — On dead stems of Eu-
calyptus, San Francisco, July. 2676.

Heptameria mescedema (B. & C.) — On dead stems of Erio-
phyUum stcec had i folium, San Francisco, May. 2497.

Pyrenophora relicina Fr. — On dead stems of various
grasses, San Francisco, April. 2375.

Plowrightia morbosa (Schw.) — On branches of Prunus
demissa, Yo Semite; fruiting in Feb. 577.

P. tuberculiformis (Ell.) — On twigs of Artemisia Calif or-
nica, Mt. Diablo, Oct. 3101.

Plowrightia phyllogona. Hypophyllous, seated on dense
hypha: perithecia discrete, minute, black, rugose, depress-
ed: parapbyses delicate; asci cylindrical, 8-spored; sporidia
ovate-oblong, hyaline, septum near the base, the lower por-
tion having the appearance of a rounded process, attached

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 167

to the true sporidion. Asci 16x120; Sporid. 8x16.//. On
leaves of Amelanchier alnifulia, covering the whole lower
surface of all the leaves of the affected branch, Emigrant
Gap, Sierra Nevada, 5,000 feet alt. Autumn. 3577.

Although this differs very strikingly in appearance from
P. morbosa, it is nevertheless very nearly related. The per-
ithecia are much smaller, and, though seated on a subicu-
lum, are all separate; the sporidia are rounded instead of
acuminate below. In habit it is very distinct, being entire-
ly confined to the lower surface of the leaves.

Microthyrium microscopicum Desni. — On Spartina jun-
cea, San Francisco, Feb. 3049.

Glonium stellatum. — On dead branches of Arciostapltylos
pungens, Tamalpais, March. 3081.

Tryblidiella rufula (Spr.) — On dead stems of Rhus di-
versiloba, San Francisco, Dec — May. 2578.

Disk never red.

Gloniopsis Mulleri (Duby.) — On dead stems of Symphor-
icarpas mollis, Sausalito, Aug. 2746.

Acrospermum graminum Lib. — On grass stems, San Fran-
cisco, Jan. 2072.

Acrospermum corrugatum Ell. — A.fvJtum'Sk. 2500.

Phacidium pini Schm. — On fallen leaves of Pirius pan-
derosa, Blue Canon, June. 3306.

Rhytisma arbuti Ph. — Spermog. Melasmia arbuticola Vize.

This fungus is at the present time doing great injury to
the Madroiio (Arbutus Menziesii). It appears as a Melasmia
in the autumn and very rapidly destroys the vitality of the
Avhole or a great part of the affected leaf, which becomes
brown and somewhat shriveled. In February the Rhytisma
appears on the spot of the original infection, and while the
leaf in many cases still partly green remains upon the tree.

168 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

At the date of the present writing nearly all the madronos
on Mt. Tamalpais are affected, the large coriaceous leaves,
although dead, remaining attached to the tree and giving
the hillsides a russet-brown appearance.

Pocillum Cesati De Not. — On leaves of Quercus agrifolia,
San Francisco, February. 2140.

Peziza Persoonii Moug. — On Equisetum arvensc, San
Francisco, February. 3614.

P. apala B. & Br. — On stems of Scirpus, San Francisco
February. 2125.

P. ochracea Boud. — On ground amongst moss, Sunny-
side, April. 3195.

Cenangium ferruginosum Fr. — On branches of Pinus Sa-
biniana, San Francisco, April. 3090.

Tuber rufum Pico.— Under Laurel trees, San Kafael.

3661.
GEOPOKA

(Etym. Ge [Gaia] the earth, and opora, Autumn fruits.)

Subterranean. Integument woolly, continuous with the
trama. Hymenium convolute. Asci cylindrical. Sporidia
hyaline, oblong, smooth.

G. Cooperi. Irregularly globular, 2—4 cm. in diameter,
covered with dense brown wool, which is continued inwards
on the trama: absorbing base none: hymenium white, not
closely packed: asci cylindrical, 8-spored, 220 X 26/^: spor-
idia hyaline, oblong, smooth, with a large shining, excentric
nucleus. 28 X 20 jx. — Hay wards, January. Collected by
Dr. J. G. Cooper. 3880.

A very interesting addition to the Tuberacei of California.
Allied to Hydnotrya but sporidia oblong and smooth.

The following new species of Californian Fungi from the
Harkness Collection have been published in Grevillea during
the past year.

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 1G9

CONIOTHYRIUM ROSARUM Cke. & Hk.

On Rose stems, San Francisco, February. 2176.

Coxiothyrium punctum Cke. & Hk.

On decorticated Acacia, San Francisco, January. 2067.

Coxiothyrium decipiens Cke. & Hk.

On branches of Acacia, San Francisco, March. 2267.

Phoma rhamnicola Cke. & Hk.

On twigs of Rhaninus Californica, San Francisco, Feb-
ruary. 2188.

Phoma pittospori Cke. & Hk.

On twigs of Pittosporum, San Francisco, March. 2294.

Phoma stigma Cke. & Hk.

On stems of Portidaca, San Rafael, December. 1958.

Phoma heteromelis Cke. & Hk.

On dead leaves of Heteromehs arbufi folia, San Francisco,
April. 2312.

Phoma Pritchardle Cke. & Hk.

On dead leaves of Pritchardia, San Francisco, February.

2167.

Phoma discosleformis Cke. & Hk.

On leaves of Quercus agrifolia, San Francisco, February.

2135.
Phoma solani Cke. & Hk.

On stems of Solatium umbelliferum, San Francisco, March.

2300.

Macroplodia arctosphyli Cke. & Hk.

On leaves of Arctostaphylos pungens. 2480.

This has been re-described through an error. The name

should be

Macroplcdia arctostaphyli Vize. Grev. vi. 109. 241.

Sphjeropsis cupressi Cke. & Hk.

On:bark of Cupressus macrocarpus, San Francisco, Jan-
uary. 2064.

170 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Spileropsis mackospermum Cke. & Hk.

On Eucalyptus bark, Palo Alto, January. 2000.

Spileropsi> maculatum Cke. & Hk.

On Palm, San Francisco, May. 2546.

DlPLODIA RESURGENS Cke. it Hk.

On twigs of Rhus diversiloba, San Francisco, February.

2134.
Diplodia Sarothamni Cke. <fc Hk.
On stems of Spartium, San Francisco, February. 2094.

Diplodia amygdali Cke. & Hk.

On twigs of Apricot, Alameda, January. 2076.

Diplodia pittospori Cke. & Hk.

On twigs of Pittosporuin, San Francisco, February. 2171.

Diplodia millegrana Cke. & Hk.

On Acacia decorticated, San Francisco, February. 2102.

Diplodia lata Cke. & Hk.

On branches of Acacia, San Francisco, March. 2283.

Chromosporium lateritium Cke. & Hk. — On decorticated
Acer, Mt. Diablo, May. 2488.

Ceuthospora minima Cke. & Hk. — On dead leaves of
Vaccinium overturn, Sausalito, Jan. 2555.

Pestalozzla inquinans Cke. & Hk. — On dead leaves of
Eucalyptus, San Francisco, Jan. 2002.

Pestalozzia polych.eta Cke. & Hk. — On twigs of Spartium,
San Francisco, Feb. 2095.

Glceosporium capsularum Cke. & Hk. — On capsules of
Eucalyptus, San Francisco, March. 2290.

Libertella Lonicer.e Cke. & Hk. — On twigs of Lonicera
involucrata, San Francisco, May. 2474.

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 171

Torula fusoides Cke. & Hk. — On Gynerium argenteum,
San Francisco, Feb. 2136.

Dictyosporium opacum Cke. & Hk. — On culms of Typha
latifolia, Piedmont, May. 2507.

Dictyosporium circinatum Cke. & Hk. — On decorticated
Platanus racemosa, Sunol, April. 2435.

Bactrodesmium opacum Cke. & Hk. — On Cedar plank,
San Francisco, April. 2363.

Bactrodesmium clayulatum Cke. & Hk. — On bark of Euca-
lyptus, San Francisco, Jan. — April. 1999, 2322.

Didymaria clematidis Cke. & Hk. — On living leaves of
Clematis ligusticifolia, Redwood City, May. 2543.

Mystrosporium turbixatum Cke. & Hk. — On decorticated
Sequoia semper virens, Tamalpais, May. 2495.

Helminthosporium atro-olivaceum Cke. <fc Hk. — On bark
of Acacia, San Francisco, April. 2328.

Cercospora rubigo Cke. & Hk. — On living leaves of
Spiraea. Redwood City, May. 2527.

Epochnium glaucum Cke. & Hk. — On Quercus, 2434, and
Umbellularia, Sausalito, April. 2445.

Cladosporium brunneum Cke. & Hk.— On dead leaves of
Hedera helix, San Francisco, Dec. 1954.

Camptoum cuspid atum Cke. & Hk. — On Scirpus and Juncus,
San Francisco, Jan. 2071.

Stachybotrys scabra Cke. & Hk.

On Phormium tenax, San Francisco, April. 2458.

Strumella Acacle Cke. & Hk.

On twigs and branches of Acacia, San Francisco, Feb.

2175.

Blennoria Umbellularle Cke. & Hk.

On branches of Umbellularia, San Rafael, Jan. 1985.

172 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

FUSARIUM GYNERIUM Cke. & Hk.

On sheaths of Gynerium argenteum, San Francisco. 1978.

Fusarium cataleptum Cke. & Hk.

On branches of Acacia, San Rafael, Jan. 1981.

Fusarium Acacle Cke. & Hk.

On twigs of Acacia, San Francisco, April. 2353.

Fusarium obtusisporum Cke. & Hk.

On twigs of Acacia, San Francisco, March. 2273.

Trichosporium fuscescens Cke. & Hk.

On decorticated Pinus Sqbiniana, Mt. Diablo, May. 2491.

Zygodesmus margin atus Cke. <fc Hk.

On Pinus insignis, San Francisco, April. 2360.

Peziza (Hymenoscypha) chloromela Ph. & Hk.

On leaves of Sequoia sempervirens, San Francisco, Dec.

1951.

Peziza (Pyrenopeziza) heteromelis Ph. & Hk.

On leaves of Heteromeles arbutifolia, San Francisco, Jan.

1987.
Dermatea Pini Ph. & Hk.

On Pinus insignis, San Francisco, May. 2505.

Dermatea corni Ph. & Hk.
On twigs of Oornus.

Stictis monilifera Ph. & Hk.

On fruit of Piltosporum, San Francisco, April. 2426.

Stictis araucarle Ph. & Hk.

On leaves of Araucaria imhricata, San Francisco, May.

2524.
Stictis megarrhiz.e Ph. & Hk.
On stems of Megarrhiza Call for nica, San Francisco, Jan.

2057.

Phacidium albidum Ph. & Hk. — On leaves of Vaccinium

ovatum, Sausalito, Jan. 2561.

3 R A R V ,

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 173

Phacidium heteromelis Ph. & Hk. — On leaves of Hetero-
i tides arbutifolia, San Francisco, Feb. 2124.

Hysterium (Hysterographium) ceanothi Ph. & Hk. — On
twigs of Geanothus, Bedwood City, May. 2540.

Hysterium prominens Ph. & Hk. — On branches of Salix
lasiolepis, Sausalito, July. 2647.

Hysterium Eucalypti Ph. & Hk. — On bark of Eucalyptus,
San Francisco, April. 2405.

Hysterium Loncierje Ph. & Hk. — On decorticated Lonicera
involucrata, San Francisco, May. 2472.

Lophodermium Dracen.e Ph. & Hk. — On Draccena, San
Francisco, May. 2514.

Hypoderma heteromelis Ph. & Hk. — On leaves of Heter-
omeles arbutifolia, San Francisco, Feb. 2123.

Hypoderma Eucalypti Cke. & Hk. — On leaves of Eucalyp-
tus, San Francisco, April. 2402.

Nectria infusaria Cke. & Hk. — On twigs of Acacia, San
Francisco, April. 2268, 2362.

Byssonectria chrysocoma Cke. & Hk. — On Eucalyptus,
San Francisco, April. 2321.

Byssonectria rosella Cke. & Hk. — On dead grass, San
Francisco, March. 2241.

Dialonectria filicina Cke. & Hk. — On stipes of Tree-
fern, San Francisco, Feb. 2133.

Dialonectria eucalypti Cke. & Hk. — On bark of Eucalyp-
tus, San Francisco, March — April. 2216, 2359.

Dialonectria depallens Cke. & Hk. — On stems of Lupinus
arboreus, San Francisco, April. 2432.

8

174 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Diatrype ceanothi Cke. &Hk. — On branches of Ceanothus,
Redwood City, May. 2541.

Valsa agnostica Cke. & Hk.

On branches of Ribes sanguineum, Sausalito, January.

2554.

Valsaria majuscula Cke. & Hk.

On branches of JEsculus Californica, Palo Alto. 1997.

By an oversight this was stated in Grevillea, to be found
on Salix.

DlAPORTHE GORGONOIDEA, Cke. & Hk

On Acacia, San Francisco, May. 2525.

Sphjekia ^Wallrothiella) eunotlespora Cke. & Hk.
On decorticated Acacia, ^an Francisco, February. 2111.

Sphjeria (Melanomma) seminis Cke. & Hk.

On twigs of Bacharis-pilularis, San Francisco, May. 2511.

fepHiERiA (Anthostoma?) gigaspora Cke. & Hk.

On twigs of Symphoricarpits racemosus, Fairfax, March.

2266.
Sph/ERIa (Anthostomella) oreodaphnes Cke. & Hk.
On leaves of Umbellularia Californica, Sausalito, April.

2459.

SpHjERIA (Didymella) MEGARRHIZ.E, Cke. & Hk.
On Megarrhiza Californica, San Francisco, January.

2087.
Spileria (Didymella) lupini Cke. & Hk.
On steins of Lurpinus arboreus. Sacramento, June. 2074.

Spileria (Didymospileria) sarmenti Cke. & Hk.

On stems of Tropceolum minus, San Rafael, December.

1957.

Sph^ria (Amphisphjeria) Wellingtonle Cke. & Hk.
On bleached wood of Sequoia sempcrvirens, Monterey,
March. 2218.

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 175

Spileria (Amphispfleria) decorticata Cke. <fc Hk.
On decorticated branches of Quercus agrifolia, San Fran-
cisco, May. 2502.

Sph.eria (Metaspileria) plagarum Cke. & Hk.
On bark of Eucalyptus, San Francisco, April — May.

2345, 2516.

Sph^eria (Leptospileria) ceanothi Cke. & Hk.

On small twigs of Ceanothus, Santa Cruz, May. 2536.

Spileria (Lept.) odora Cke. & Hk.

On branches of Umbellularia Californica, Sausalito, June.

2563.

Sptleri \ (Lept) bicuspidata Cke. & Hk.

On twigs of Baccharis pilularis, San Francisco, May.

2517.

Spbleria (Lept) Californica Cke. & Hk.

On Araucaria imbricata. 2330. ] San Fran-

" Spartina. 2299. i cisco,

' ' Rliododendron occidentale. 2538. ,' March —

" Euonymm twigs and leaves. 2238, 2358. I May.

Spileria (Teichospora) eucalypti Cke. & Hk.

On bark of Eucalyptus, San Francisco, April. 2400.

Sptleria (Thyridium) personatum Cke. & Hk.

Od decorticated Acacia, San Francisco, Feb. 2111.

Spileria (Thyridium) Garry^e Cke. & Hk.
On decorticated twigs of Garrya elliptica, Sausalito, June.

2559.
Venturia arctostaphyli Cke. & Hk.

On dead leaves of Arctostaphylos pumila, San Francisco,
May. 2552.

Spplerella Californica Cke. Grev. March, 1883.

On grass. 1242.

Spilerella acicola Cke. & Hk.— On leaves of Pinus insig-
nis, San Francisco, April. 2303.

176 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Sph.erella umbellularle Cke. & Hk. — On leaves of
Umbel hdaria Calif ornica, Santa Cruz, June. 2569.

Meliolopsis heteromelis Cke. & Hk. — On leaves of Het-
eromeles arbutifolia. Sunol, April. 2425.

Capnowum heteromelis Cke. & Hk. — On leaves of Hetero-
meles arbutifolia, Sunol, April. 2425.

Capnodium Rhamni Cke. &, Hk. — On leaves of Rhamnus
Calif ornica, Mt. Diablo, May. 2482.

Capnodium tuba Cke. & Hk. — On leaves of Umbdlularia
Californica, Palo Alto, April. 2395.

NOTES ON NOMENCLATURE.

BY H. W. HARKNESS.

The following generic names requiring rectification have
been noted from time to time as they attracted our atten-
tion.

It is hoped that in all cases the necessary change of the
generic name may be attended by the revision of the species
belonging thereto, in order to prevent as much as possible
the increase of synonymy.

I. Identical names, of which the latest must give way.

Antennaria Gaertn. Fruct. ii. 410. (Composite)
Antennaria Link, in Schrad. Jour. iii. 16, p 109. (Fungi)
Hedwigia Ehrh. in Hannov. Mag. 1781. (Musci)
Hedwigia Swartz, Fl. Ind. Oc. ii. 670. (Bursereae)

L^istadia Kunth, in Less. Gen. Comp. (Compositae)
L^estadia Auersw. in Hedwigia, 1869. (Fungi)

Phyllactinia Lev. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1851. (Fungi)
Phyllactinia Benth. Gen. Plant, ii. 1876. (Compositae)

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 177

II. Names differing only in gender, alike in some of their
cases, and being practically the same; the latter is inadmis-
sible.

Clypeola, Linn. (Cruciferse)

Clypeolum, Speg. F. Arg. Pug. iv. (Fungi)

EuROTiA Adans. (Cheiiopodiaceas)

Eueotium Link. Sp. plant, vi. i. p. 79. (Fungi)

Symplocos Linn. (Styracaceae)
Symploca Kutz, 1843. (Algae)

The following two names, although not absolutely identi-
cal, are too nearly so to be admissible. In pronunciation
they would be entirely indistinguishable.

Henriquezia Spruce ex Benth in Hook. Jour. Bot. vii.
338. (Rubiacea?)

Henriquesia Pass. & Thum. Cont. Myc. Lus. (Fungi;

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BULLETIN

OF THE

CALIFORNIA

ACADEMY

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K-S J-

No. 4.

January, 1886

CONTENTS.

PAGE.

Studies in the Botany of California and Parts Adjacent. II. Edward

Lee Greene 179

Notes on Mount Pitt. Arthur B. Emmons 229

On Fossil and Sub-Fossil Laud Shells of the United States, with Notes

on Living Species. J. G. Cooper 235

Fungi of the Pacific Coast, IV. H. W. Harkness 256

Botanical Notes. Mary K. Currau 272

Studies in the Botany of California and Parts Adjacent. III. Edward

Lee Greene 276

New Genera and Species of Californ au Coleoptera. Thos. L. Casey .... 283

A New Genus of Kanunculaceas. Edward Lee Greene. '. 337

Black Transits of Jupiter's Satellit-s. Ill and IV. Geo. Davidson 339

The Dark Transit of Jupiter's Satellite. IV. Geo. Davidson 342

Transit of Jupiter's IV Satellite, June 7, 1SS5. Geo. Davidson 345

" Sporadic " Meteors Kecorded during 1882. Geo. Davidson 348

Observations of the " Pons- Brooks " Comet. Geo. Davidson 349

Phenomena of the Satellites of Jupiter. Geo. Davidson 350

Occulations of the Stars by the Moon. Geo. Davidson 352

The Temperature of the Water of the Golden Gate. Geo. Davidson. . . . 354
Mineralogical Contributions. A. Wendell Jackson 358

ISSUED JANUARY 31st, 1BBB,

BULLETIN.

No. 4.

California Academy of Sciences,

STUDIES IN THE BOTANY OF CALIFORNIA AND PARTS

ADJACENT.

BY EDWARD LEE GREEXE.

II.

1. Three New Genera.

BEBBIA, Helianthoidearum.

Heads liomogamous, discoid. Involucre cainpanulate ;
bracts imbricated, appressed, striate. Receptacle chaffy
throughout; bracts lanceolate, partly embracing the akenes,
equaling those of the involucre, persistent. Corollas tubu-
lar, 5-toothed, deep yellow. Akenes turbinate, slightly ob-
compressed, the angles (2 lateral and 1 dorsal) obtuse.
Pappus a single series of long, slender, strongly plumose,
persistent awns or stout bristles. Much branched, suffru-
tescent plants of the dry southwestern districts, with few
and mostly opposite leaves, and scattered heads. Carphe-
phorus § Kuhniodes, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. viii. 632; Bot.
Cal. i. 301, and Syn. FL ii. 113.

The long, plumose awns or bristles of the pappus, and the
striate bracts of the involucre are the only characters

[Issued August 29, 1885.]

180 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

which suggest any affinity of these plants with the Eupator-
iacere; for the corollas are neither purple nor even ochro-
leucous, but deep yellow; and authors appear to have over-
looked altogether the shape of the akene, which is wholly
that of the Helianthoidea3. The style-tips, moreover, are
those of that tribe, and not of the one to which the Atlantic
genus, Carphephorus belongs. Both the striate involucres,,
and the plumose pappus are found in other Helianthoid
genera. Yet the place for this genus is not near either
Blepharipappus or Blepharizonia, whose involucral scales are
uniserial. It is nearer to the subtribe Verbesineie by its
much imbricated involucre, as well as by the roughness of
its herbage, sunflower-like odor and general habit. Doubt-
less it ought to constitute a distinct subtribe, to come in
between those here named. The genus is dedicated to Mr.
Michael S. Bebb, of Rockford, Illinois, an able botanist, to
whom all students of the science on the Pacific Coast are in-
debted for the careful elaboration of our species of the difficult
genus Salix, in the second volume of the Botany of California.

B. juncea. Carphephorus junceus, Benth. Bot. Sulph. 21; Gray, Proc.
Am. Acad, viii, 632, Bot. Cal. i, 301, and Syn. El. ii, 113.

This plant grows in perfection on Cedros Island, in ar-
royos near the sea, where it commonly attains the height of
six or eight feet, its lithe, woody stems supporting them-
selves amid the branches of Rhus Lentil, or more frequently
uniting with the similar looking Antirrhinum junceum to
form large, impenetrably dense reedy masses as broad as
high. The stems are nearly leafless and rather smooth, and
the heads solitary and a good deal larger here than within
the limits of the United States; but this southwestern form
is the type of the species. The following may eventually
prove distinct, namely:

Var. aspera.

Only a foot or two high, very rough, with a short, some-
what hispid pubescence; heads smaller and numerous; in-

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 181

volucral bracts narrower and less striate; pappus fully equal-
ing the flowers. Southeastern borders of California, and
adjacent Arizona.

B. atriplicifolia. Carphephorus alriplicifoliu9, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. v.
159; Bot. Cal. 1. c. and Syn. Fl. 1. c.

MIMETANTHE, Scrophularinearum.

Calyx campanulate, 5-cleft, the tube somewhat 5-sulcate,
neither angled nor ribbed; lobes unequal, the uppermost
largest. Corolla tubular-funnelform. Stamens 4, didyna-
mous. Style glabrous; stigma bilamellar. Capsule oblong-
ovate, rather acuminate, equaling the calyx, not gibbous at
base, minutely glandular, chartaceous, dehiscent by the
whole of the upper suture, by the lower only to the base of the
apical acumination, both valves in dehiscence strongly re-
flexed in so far as separated; placentae borne on the middle
of the valves, many seeded. Seed minute, oblong-ovate,
yellowish, under the microscope favose-reticulate and glan-
dular. Herpestis. § Mimuloides, Benth., in DC. Prod, x,
394; Gray, Bot. Cal. i, 569; Syn. Fl. 279; Greene, Bull. Cal.
Acad, iii, 122. A villous and glandular annual of the Pacific
Coast, with a sickening, solanaceous odor, the small yellow
corolla simulating that of 3fimulus, but the plant in all
other respects unlike that genus. The peculiar dehiscence,
with the singular bending back of the valves, will hardly be
observable in herbarium specimens, which are almost always
too young to show it; but in autumn or midwinter, when the
foliage and calyces are decayed, and the capsules alone
persist upon the dead stems and branches, this character
becomes conspicuous. There is but a single species, rang-
ing from Lower California as far down as All Saints Bay at
least, northward to Washington Territory (fide Brandegee),
namely:

M. pilosa. — Herpestis, Benth. in Comp. Bot. Mag. ii, 57. Mimulus exilis,
Dur. and Hilg. Pac. R. Rep. v. 12, t. 12. M. pilosus, Watson, Bot.
King, 225; Gray, 1. c; Greene, 1. c.

182 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

CLEVELANDIA. Scrophularineartim.

Calyx tubular-campanulate, 4-cleft. Tube of corolla slen-
der; limb bilabiate, upper lip short, spreading, bifid, lower
with three spreading lobes, neither saccate nor plicate.
Stamens 4, didynamous, wholly included within the corolla-
tube; anthers 2 -celled, the cells unequal. Style filiform,
stigma entire. Capsule oblong, loculicidally 2-valved, the
valves bearing the placenta on their middle. Small annual
of the southern part of Lower California.

C. BeHingi. Orthocarpus Beldingi, Greene, Bull. Cal. Acad. iii. 123.

The characters of the corolla and stamens forbid, as Dr.
Asa Gray has suggested, the placing of this plant in Ortho-
carpus. The genus is dedicated to Mr. Daniel Cleveland,
of San Diego, whose intelligent field labors in Californian
Botany have well earned this acknowledgment.

..'. Miscellaneous Species, Mostly New.

Eschscholtzia elegans.

Annual, a foot or two high, brandling above the base,
glabrous and very glaucous: leaves finely dissected, their
ultimate divisions linear, long and parallel or shorter and
divergent: torus cylindrical, the two margins closely ap-
proximate, the inner one erect and hyaline: petals 4 — 8
lines long, rotate-expanding, their margins hardly meeting,
greenish 3-ellow when fresh, turning toward orange in dry-
ing: seed slightly elongated, apiculate, raphe-obvious, re-
ticulation distinct or obscure. — E. Calif or nica var. hype-
coides, Gra}% of Watson's list, as to the plant of the south
part of Guadalupe Island, not of Bot. Cal.

Var. ramosa.

Shorter, stouter, more branching and leafy: leaf-lobes
shorter and divergent: corolla smaller, reddening less in
drying: seeds nearly globular and distinctly reticulate.

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 183

The type is common in the middle and southern parts
of the island. The variety was found under high cliffs
near the landing at the northeast end. The foliage in both
forms is strikingly beautiful. The erect, compact, tree-like
habit of the variety is peculiar. Very likely it deserves the
rank of a species. Nothing much like either form is known
on the main land. The nearest relatives are E. minutifiora,
Watson, and E. rhombipetala, Greene.

Eschscholtzia peninsularis, Greene,

Is the common species all about San Diego. It is strictly

annual and flowers from February to the beginning of May.

Eschscholtzia Californica, Cham.,

Does not appear in the southern part of the State except
at considerable altitudes in the mountains. Mr. Parish has
observed it at San Gorgonio Pass, and it has been collected
by the writer at Tehachapi Pass and on Guadalupe Island.
In all these localities it is the same robust, large-flowered
perennial so well known from San Francisco to the borders
of British Columbia.

Eschscholtzia Parishii.

Annual, slender, less than a foot high, glabrous and glau-
cous: stems simple or sparingly branched: peduncles terete,
very slender: torus turbinate, no spreading rim, the two
margins similar and approximate : petals widely spreading,
broad and overlapping each other, apparently light yellow:
fruit not seen.

Eastern slope of Mt. San Jacinto in the Southern part of
the State, collected b_v the Parish Brothers (No. 759) in
April, 1882. In habit resembling E. peninsularis, but with
the torus and corolla (but not the quadrangular pedun-
cles) of E. tenuifoUa. The different corolla, the long, slen-
der peduncles and the leaves (mostly radical) are in the
way of its being included in E. elegans of Guadalupe, to
which it is apparently most related.

184 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Lupinus Guadalupensis.

Animal, near L. nanus, but stouter and more villous : stem
a foot or two high, branching from about the middle: leaf-
lets 7—9, oblanceolate, an inch long, villous on both sides :
petioles three inches long: bracts much exceeding the calyx:
upper calyx-lip 2-cleft: corolla a half inch long, bluish-pur-
ple: pod two inches long, 6 — 8-seeded.

High plateau of Guadalupe Island, in good fruit, but
nearly past flowering the 23d of April. A coarser plant than
L. nanus, with shorter branches, none of them from the
base of the stem.

Lupinus Ludovicianus.

Suffrutescent, stout, branching, a foot or two high : very
villous-hirsute on the branches and petioles, and through-
out, even to the bracts, calyx and legume densely white-tom-
entose: petioles stout, firmly erect, 2—3 inches long: leaf-
lets 7 — 9, broadly oblanceolate, obtuse, 8—10 lines long:
flowers purple, of medium size, subverticillate, in a short-
peduncled, rather dense raceme: bracts short: calyx-lips
sub-equal, broad, entire: keel strongly falcate, surpassing
the other petals, somewhat woolly-ciliolate : pod an inch
long, 5-seeded.

Mountains above San Luis Obispo, July, 1885; Mrs. Cur-
ran. The species is nearest L. niveus of Guadalupe Island,
but has pubescence of a very different character, and is,
moreover, a stouter, less graceful plant.

Hosackia (Euhosackia) argyraea.

Densely appressed-silky : stems numerous from a perennial
root, rigid and nearly prostrate: stipular glands small, hid-
den by tufts of white hair : leaflets a half inch or less long,
oblong-obovate, very obtuse, about five on a well developed,
broad rachis: peduncles an inch long, about 2-flowered:
calyx-teeth broadly lanceolate, half the length of the tube:

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 185

corolla a half inch long, salmon color, changing to orange
in drying: pod terete, silky-pubescent, an inch long.

Lower California; collected in the Cantillas Mountains,
October, 1884, by Mr. C. R. Orcut; also at Cape San Quen-
tin, May, 1885, by the writer.

Hosackia (Euhosackia) mollis.

Densely soft-pubescent, with short, spreading hairs: root
perennial: stems numerous, rather slender, a foot long,
or nearly so: stipular glands small: leaflets 3 — 5, narrowly
oblong to linear, acute, palmately crowded on a very short
rachis: peduncles an inch or two long, erect; umbels about
2-flowered, the subtending bract when present narrowly
linear: calyx-teeth linear-subulate, longer than the tube:
corolla a half inch long: light yellow, drying reddish: pod
an inch or more in length, terete, velvety-pubescent.

Grassy places among the lower mountain districts of the
southern parts of New Mexico and Arizona, and in adjacent
Mexico. Lemmon, No. 2669, Huachuca Mts. Also col-
lected by Rusby, the writer, and others.

Hosackia (Syrmatium) ornithopus.

Densely silky: stems erect-spreading, a foot high, from a
suffrutescent base, much branched above : leaflets 5 — 7, ob-
long, 3 — 6 lines long, acute at each end: umbels numerous,
12 — 20-flowered, on short, erect, simple-bracted peduncles:
calyx-teeth subulate, half as long as the tube : pod thrice
the length of the calyx, rostrate-attenuate, strongly curved
upwards, strongly pubescent, 2 — 3-seeded: seed slightly
curved.

Frequent in the middle of Guadalupe Island, and no
doubt the H. argophylla of Mr. "Watson's list. Dried speci-
mens would hardly show the peculiar erect-spreading habit:
but fruiting ones could hardly with their long exserted,
curved pods, resembling bird's claws, be confounded with
H. argophylla. The pubescence of the calyx is denser, and
spreading, not appressed as in that species.

186 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Hosackia (Syrmatium) disticha.

Canescent, with a short, appressed, silky pubescence:
root perennial: stems stout, 2 — 3 feet high, erect and re-
curved; branches short, strictly in two ranks: stipular
glands minute : leaflets 3 — 5, obovate, acute: umbels very
short-peduncled, 2 — 3-flowered: calyx-teeth subulate, half
the length of the tube: corolla 3 — 4 lines long, reddish,
turning dark brown: pods (immature) nearly an inch long
including the slender beak.

Cape San Quentin, Lower California, May 10, 1885. A
well marked species, the tall tufted stems not at all decum-
bent, but erect at base, the upper portion, with its dis-
tichous branches, gracefully curving downwards.

Astragalus fastidiosus.

Jnfiati: tomentose-canescent, a foot high, suffrutescent at
base : stipules triangular-subulate, deflexed : leaflets in many
pairs, oblong, refuse, 3 — 6 lines long: racemes short, on
peduncles exceeding the leaves: calyx- teeth sharply subu-
late, half as long as the campanulate tube: corolla greenish
white: pod an inch long, of parchment-like texture, oblong-
ovate, acuminate above, at base tapering to a short, included
stipe. — Phaca fastidia, Kellogg, Hesperian iv. 145, with fig.
Astragalus Coulteri (?), Bull. Cal. Acad. iii. 136.

Fresh specimens, collected by the writer recently on Ce-
dros Island, settle negatively the question of the identity of
this plant with A. Coulteri, Benth. Dr. Kellogg's figure is
faulty. The racemes are shorter and denser than repre-
sented, and the pods are not erect, but deflexed.

Astragalus anemophilus.

Iriflati: perennial, white-tomentose throughout, leaflets
numerous, somewhat crowded, obovate or oblong, acutish,
3 — 6 lines long: peduncles rather stout, twice the length of
the leaves; raceme short and dense: calyx-teeth triangular,
acute one third the length of the short-cylindrical tube:

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 187

corolla small, greenish: pod purplish, soft-pubescent, thin-
bladdery, | inch long by J inch thick, obtuse at both ends,
neither suture intruded, not stipitate.

Cape San Quentin, Lower California, May 10, 1885, grow-
ing on the tops of the bleakest sand-hills, near the sea, ex-
posed to the incessant winds of that point of the coast; the
stems, of uncertain length, alternately buried and uncovered
by the loose shifting sands.

Lyonothamnus asplenifolius.

Leaves opposite, minutely stipulate, coriaceous, pinnately
parted into 3 — 5 linear- lanceolate, remote segments, which
are two inches long, and pinnatifid with many rounded lobes :
calyx, corolla, stamens, etc., as in the typical species: car-
pels two, ovate, and, although not yet mature, almost woody,
each (perhaps parting into two valves when mature) about
4-seeded: seeds pendulous, membranaceous-winged.

Santa Cruz Island, off Santa Barbara; Mr. Barclay Haz-
ard, 1885. A most beautiful tree, with ample, fern like,
shining foliage, and a red-brown bark, easily torn off in
long strips. The inflorescence and young foliage show some
of the soft pubescence, which is more plentiful on L. flori-
bundiis. The fruit of this species, although not yet ripe, as
well as the stipules, confirm the genus in Rosacece, and show
it to be rather too near Vauquelinia; really a section of it.

(Enothera (Chylismia) Cedrosensis.

Branching from the base, a foot or two high: hirsute-
puberulent and slightly viscid-glandular: leaves simple,
ovate or more elongated, somewhat cordate at base, re-
pandly toothed, short-petioled: calyx-tube narrowly funnel-
form, a half inch long: petals 2 — 3 lines long, cream-color,
changing to rose: capsule an inch long: pedicel only a line
or two long: seed ovate and a little angular.

Collected on Cedros Island by Dr. Veatch, in 1859, and
recently by the writer, in a single specimen, on a hillside

188 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

near the watering place for vessels, on the eastern shore.
The species is nearest (E. cardiophylla, Torr.

(Enothera (Sphaerostigma) crassifolia.

Frutescent, 3 — 5 feet high, parting above into numerous
spreading, virgate branches: leaves fleshy, glabrous, and
very glaucous, oblong-lanceolate, an inch or two long, en-
tire, sessile: calyx-tube short-obconic: petals an inch long,
light yellow, the lower portion streaked with crimson, the
whole drying deep orange : capsules glabrous, more than an
inch long, much contorted: seeds ovate-oblong, smooth,
purple-dotted.

Cape San Quentin, Lower California, May 10, 1885. A
tall and graceful shrubby species, with a very beautiful
corolla.

Petalonyx linearis.

Shrubby, a foot or two high, very rough, branches numer-
ous, erect: leaves linear to linear-oblong, an inch long, 1 — 3
lines wide, entire, obtuse, sessile: floral bracts ovate, cor-
date, obtuse, crenate-toothed at base: spikes 2 — 4 inches
long: petals white, 2 — 3 lines long: filaments and style a
half inch : capsule a line long, 3-nerved at base.

Cedros Island, May 1, 1885. Common in canons of the
middle of the island, on the eastern side. The foliage and
inflorescence are smoother than in P. Thurberi, Gray, the
branches rougher. Mr. Orcutt also finds the same at St.
Tomas, on the peninsula.

Echinoeystis (Megarrhiza) macrocarpa.

Nearly glabrous: leaves about 6 inches broad, with a
closed sinus, 5-cleft to the middle or below it, the divisions
slightly 3 — 5-lobed, mucronate: fruit ovoid-oblong, 3—5
inches long, usually densely echinate with spines which,
though stout are rather soft, the longest often exceeding 2
inches, 14-seeded, 12 of the seeds arranged ascendingly

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 189

or imbricately, in four cells, the other two lying horizontally
across the base of the fruit, both attached to the same side:
seed obovoid, 9 lines long, light brown, encircled by a dark,
marginal line. — Megarrhiza Californica, Watson in Bot. Cal.
i. 241, as to the plant of Bigelow from Cocomungo.

A species most distinct from E. fabacea, Naud. (31. Cali-
fornica, Watson) which has a globose, 4-seeded fruit, with
seeds of twice the size of those of the present species, and
which appears to inhabit only the central portions of the
State. E. macrocarpa takes its place from perhaps Santa
Barbara, or a little farther northward, down the peninsula
as far at least as Cedros Island.

Concerning the fittest generic name for these plants, it
seems to the writer best to conform to that adopted by all
European authorities; although if the tropical and South
American species referred to Echinocystis should not present
any clear gradations between such seeds as those of the
original E. lobata and these turgid ones of the Pacific North
American species, one might fairly regard the latter group
as constituting a real genus; but Megarrhiza could not stand
as the name for it, when there is another which has the
priority by more than twenty years.

There is one species which does not appear yet to have
obtained recognition under Echinocystis, namely:

Echinocystis (Megarrhiza) Gilensis, Megarrhiza Gilensis, Greene, Bul-
letin Torr. Club, viii. 97.

Inhabiting the region of the upper Gila River in Arizona
and New Mexico; resembling in its slender habit and small
leaves and fruit, the eastern type of Echinocystis, but with
the turgid, immarginate seeds, and perennial root of the
Pacific sub-genus.

& v

Pentachaeta (Eupentachseta) paleacea.

A span high, with very numerous filiform branches : invo-
lucres small, scales in two series, pubescent, setaceous -tip-
ped: corollas of ray and disk yellow: akenes nearly linear;

190 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

pappus-bristles 5, slender, with a thin, triangular palea at
base.

Santo Tomas, Lower California, July 1885. C. R. Orcutt.
A peculiar species in respect to the paleaceous pappus; in
other respects much like P. aurea, although a great deal
smaller, and more diffusely branching.

Aplopappus jimceus.

Near A. spinulosus, but more slender, sparingly leafy, the
stems tufted, and two feet high, from a woody base : leaves
linear, the lowest broader and pinnatifid, the upper often
only three-toothed at apex, lobes and teeth all spinulose-
tipped: heads few and corymbose, a half inch high: invo-
lucres turbinate, glandular-scabrous, not at all pubescent;
scales setaceous-tipped: rays numerous, light yellow: akenes
conspicuously nerved. A. gracilis, Gray Syn. Fl. ii. 130, as
to the plant of the " southern border of California."

San Diego County; Cleveland, Mrs. Curran, and on the
peninsula as far down as S. Tomas, Orcutt, 1884-5. Very
clear of A. gracilis, by its suffrutescent, tall, reedy stems,
turbinate involucres and distinctly nerved akenes. It is
more related to the more easterly species, A. spinulosus, but
that, also, like A. gracilis, has hemispherical involucres, and
both are canescent, this nearly glabrous.

Lessingia adenophora.

Erect, a foot or two high, and much branched: radical
leaves wanting in the specimens: lower cauline ovate-ob-
long, an inch long, sessile by a broad base, sharply toothed;
upper broadly ovate, acute, more or less cordate-clasping;
all floccose woolly on both sides, the glabrate margins, es-
pecially of the upper, closely beset with stipitate glands:
heads 3 — 4 lines long, 5 — 8 flowered, terminating slender
branchlets: outer involucral scales stipitate-glandular, the
inner sharply acute and with barbellate margins: corollas
purple: style-appendages bearing a tuft of hairs, but no

CALIFOKNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 191

cusp: akenes not compressed, strongly 5-angled: pappus
short, arranged in five separate bundles, which are more or
less united at base, or sometimes completely joined into a
flat, barbellate awn!

Near Epperson's, in Lake County, 1884; Mrs. M. K.
Curran. In aspect much like L. ramulosa; but with its
broad, glandular marginal leaves it also appears distinct
enough at sight; but the character of the pappus is very
remarkable.

Lessingia nemaclada.

A foot or two high, paniculately parted into slender
branches and numerous filiform branchlets: leaves lightly
floccose above, beneath, as are the involucres, minutely glan-
dular-roughened : involucres solitaiy, terminating the branch-
lets, 3 — 5-flowered, their scales with spreading tips: style-
appendages with prominent, subulate tip: pappus of few or
many awn-like bristles, which are sometimes united at base,
as in the preceding.

El Dorado and Colusa Counties, 1883-4; Mrs. Curran.
Evidently a common species in those parts of the State; not
likely to pass into the preceding, the involucres of which
have appressed scales, and whose style-tips are without
cusp. Readily distinguishable from equally slender states
of L. ramulosa and L. leptoclada by its pappus. These two
species will form a separate group in the genus.

Lessingia Parryi.

Somewhat woolly throughout: stems 2 — 10 inches high,
erect and, as compared with L. nana, very slender; heads
solitary, or few and spicately arranged at the ends of the
branches, 12 — 18-flowered: involucre 12 — 18-flowered, its
bracts as in L. nana: corollas pink: pappus rufous: style
appendages bristly, but without pointed tips. — L. nana, var.
caulescens, Gray, Syn. Fl. ii. 163. Found in oak openings
above Keene Station, Kern County, in September, 1881, by

192 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Dr. C. C. Parry; also in the same neighborhood in 1884, by
Mrs. Curran. This and L. nana form a group by them-
selves, well marked by the peculiar, cartilaginous-aristate,
inner scales of the involucre. The stemless habit signifies
nothing. Even L. ranudosa I have found in the same
condition, and it is perhaps rare in L. nana, most of
our specimens of which have branches 3 — 5 inches long.
These are very stout, rigid and depressed or prostrate.
This character, together with its denser wooliness, larger
heads, and the deep sultan-red of both the corolla and pap-
pus, the brilliant coloring of the latter being as fresh in our
20-year-old specimens as in those collected last season, are
of specific value in this genus. In the slender, erect L.
Parryi, the corollas are pink, and the pappus only reddish
brown. This should come in before L. nana, as being in-
termediate between that and L. ramulosa.

Franseria camphorata.

Shrubby at base, a foot or two high, with spreading
branches; canescent-tomentose throughout, resinous, and
with a strong camphorate odor: leaves sharply triangular-
ovate in outline, bipinnatifid: sterile racemes rather loose,
their involucres very sharply toothed, on pedicels 3 — 4 lines
long; fertile involucres densely glandular-pubescent, glo-
bose, with short, stout, spine-tipped tuberculations, mostly
3-seeded. — F. bipinnatifida, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. xi. 115.

Collected by the writer on Guadalupe, and also in a less
tomentose state on Cedros, 1885. A most distinct species:
the 3-seeded involucres small and bony, their spiny tuber-
culations not flattened.

Lasthenia (Hologymne) Coulteri. L. gldbrata, var. Coulteri Gray, Syn.
Fl. i, Part ii, 324.

The discovery of the new genus Crockeria, a plant wholly
undistinguishable from the common Lasthenia glabrata, except
by the akenes, is an event which naturally raises the value

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 193

of characters of the fruit in the entire group to which they
belong. But specific rank for the plant above named might
have been defended independently of Crock&ria. Although
there is not the least difference between them as regards
habit, foliage or flower, the akenes in L. glabrata and L.
Coulteri are considerably more unlike than is indicated in
the Synoptical Flora. In L. glabrata they are dark green,
perfectly smooth and shining, and bear a very conspicuous,
yellowish, globular tubercle (enlarged style-base?) at the
apes. Those of L. Coulteri, besides being narrower, with
less acute angles, are of a grayish hue, without luster, glan-
dular-muriculate throughout, with a depressed terminal disk
which cannot well be called a tuberculation. The plant thus
proposed as a new species, appears to be confined to the
salt marshes of San Diego County. L. glabrata, Lindl., is
common everywhere, on a great variety of soils, towards the
sea, in the central and northern portions of the State. Crock-
eria chrysantha, Greene, was found in a subsaline marsh of
the remote interior, near Tulare, in Kern County. It may
be found elsewhere when our collectors have learned never
to judge any plants of this little group by the outward ap-
pearance, but always to bring a good lens to bear upon the
akene before passing them by uncollected. A skilled bota-
nist would easily mistake any one of the three here named
for one of the others, without such precaution.

Senecio ammophilus.

Annual; a span high, stout, glabrous: leaves thick and
succulent, the lowest oblanceolate, entire, an inch or two
long; cauline auriculate-clasping, pinnately parted into ob-
long or linear, entire, obtuse segments : heads few or soli-
tary at the ends of the numerous decumbent branches: rays
rather short, deep yellow : akenes cinerous-pubescent.

Cape San Quentin, Lower California, on bleak sand hills
near the shore, growing with Abronia maritima. Very near
S. Californicus, but differing in its depressed habit, very

194 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

fleshy herbage, strongly saline and hard to dry, and its
longer, less caDescent akenes.

Senecio Cedrosensis.

Shrubby, about a foot high, much branched above; branch-
lets and foliage somewhat pubescent and glandular: leaves
an inch or more long, oblong-lanceolate, deeply pinnatifid,
the short lobes deeply toothed: heads in threes, or solitary
at the ends of the branchlets, less than a half inch high:
involucral scales narrow, acuminate: flowers not seen.

Rocky summits of the northern part of Cedros Island,
1885. The specimens are not in flower, but the peculiari-
ties of habit and foliage mark strongly enough a new spe-
cies. The leaves are like those of Pedicularis Canadensis.

Stephanoraeria coronaria.

Annual or biennial, resembling S. exigua, but the numer-
ous white-plumose pappus-bristles deciduous above the
abruptly paleaceous base, leaving a crown of setose scales:
akenes clavate, sharply 5-angled and quite smooth, with no
traces of corrugation.

Santa Lucia Mountains, August, 1885, T. S. Brandegee.

Hieracium Brandegei.

Perennial, a foot or two high, paniculate from near the
base: leaves spatulate-oblong to ligulate-lanceolate, entire,
crinite-hirsute, and with some close, white, stellular to-
mentum, the latter extending to the branches and the glan-
dular involucre: flowers yellow: akenes short-columnar:
pappus nearly white.

Santa Lucia Mountains, T. S. Brandegee.

Malacothrix (Malacolepis) insularis.

Annual, glabrous, a foot or two high, corymbosely panic-
ulate above, leafy below: leaves oblong-lanceolate in out-
line, lacimate-cleft to the middle, two inches long, sessile

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 195

and somewhat clasping: involucre hemispherical, less than
a half inch high, scales narrower and less scarious than in
M. Goulteri: corolla yellow: akenes obtusely 5-angled and
15-ribbed: one or two of the pappus-bristles ' persistent;
those of the receptacle sparse and short.

Coronados Island, near San Diego, Maj 7 16, 1885. Inter-
esting as a second species of a peculiar section of the genus,
and singular in being restricted to a small island only seven
miles distant from the main land, a strange limitation of an
annual composite; yet perhaps not so remarkable when we
consider that the pappus, all but one or two bristles, is de-
ciduous.

Malacothrix altissima.

Glabrous; stout and strict, 3 — 6 feet high from an annual
root : stem leafy and simple up to the broad terminal, leaf-
less, corymbose panicle: leaves of broadly lanceolate out-
line, 2 — 3 inches long, rather loosely laciniate-cleft or
coarsely toothed : involucre campanulate, a half inch high;
calyculate bracts numerous, subulate: summit of immature
akenes with a broad white border : none of the pappus-bris-
tles persistent.

Mountains of Kern County, near Tehachapi Station, July,
1884, Mrs. Curran. The largest species of the genus, and
of the same group as the two following which are suffrutes-
cent, and very clearly distinct from each other, as Mr. Nutt-
all, the discoverer of them, could not fail to see at a glance,
namely:

M. saxatilis, Torr. & Gray,

Which is a strictly maritime species; leaves not only entire,
but of that succulent texture which is so common in sea-side
plants, and akenes one half as long only, as in the following.

M. tenuifolia, Torr. & Gray.

Foliage finely laciniate-parted, and not at all fleshy.
Confined to the mountain districts back from the sea. M.
2

196 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

saxatilis var. tenuifolia, Gra5 r , Syn. Fl. 423. But for the
fact that this mountain plant is there separated into two
species, 31. saxatilis and 31. tenuiflora are best defined in
that excellent old book, Torrey and Gray's Fl. N. Am. vol.
ii. p. 446-7.

Nemacladus capillaris.

A span to a foot broad and high, very diffuse, the
branches almost capillary, glabrous throughout: radical
leaves spatulate-oblong; cauline linear-subulate, minute:
pedicels capillary, divaricate or a little recurved : calyx-tube
slender, long-turbinate, adnate to the lower half of the
ovary, teeth ovate, obtuse, half as long as the tube, a little
surpassed by the rounded summit of the 7 — 12-seeded cap-
sule: corolla very minute, white: stamineal tube distinct:
seed oblong-oval, 10-striate, with numerous transverse lines
forming distinct, elongated reticulations.

Mohave Desert, 1884, Mrs. Curran; also a single speci-
men from Mr. Cleveland, probably from Lake County, 1882.

In this largest, yet most finely capillary species, the ma-
ture calyx and capsule are pyriform, and do not exceed a
line in length. The stamineal tube though permanent is
short, to correspond with the exceeding minuteness of all
the other floral organs. It is clear, however, that the fila-
ments in this, as in each of the following new species, and
in the N. longiflorus, Gray, are long-monadelphous, that is,
united for nearly their whole length into a filiform tube. In
the original N. ramosissimus, Nutt. , they are joined firmly,
for a very short distance only, just beneath the anthers. In
N. rigidus, Curran, they are similarly united, but so slightly
that the earliest growth of the ovary forces them asunder,
so that before falling away they become entirely distinct
and free. The seeds in all the species appear to furnish
good characters. I have described them as seen under a
magnifying power of about twenty diameters.

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 197

Nemacladus rubescens.

Glabrous, like the preceding, and very similar in foliage
and habit: pedicels divaricate or somewhat ascending: calyx-
teeth twice as long as the very short tube which is adnate
to the base only, of the globose, 20 — 40-seeded capsule: co-
rolla apparently open-campanulate, without tube, from light
rose-color to dark rose-red: stamineal tube elongated, equal-
ing the calyx in length : seed oblong, with undulating striae.

Eeno, Nevada, and Mohave Desert; Mrs. Curran, 1884.
Most of the Calif ornian " N. ramosissim/us" of earlier col-
lectors appears to belong here ; but the greatly elongated
stamineal tube and the beautifully undulate-striate seeds will
at once distinguish it from that species.

Nemacladus montanus.

Radical leaves spatulate-oblong, entire; whole plant glab-
rous, or with some villous hairs on the inner portion of the
base of the 'pedicels and on the stem opposite: pedicels
firmly ascending: calyx-teeth lanceolate, subequal and equal-
ing the turbinate tube, which is adnate to the lower half of
the 7 — 12-seeded capsule: corolla rather large, white, open-
campanulate: stamineal tube elongated: seed large, ovate-
oblong, with longitudinally compressed, zigzag reticulation.

Mountain districts of the central portions of the State:
Butte County, Elisha Brooks; Lake County, D. Cleveland;
Yo Semite Valley, Mrs. Curran. In respect to the paucity
of the seeds, the species is like N. capillaris, but the reticu-
lation of them is widely different.

Nemacladus pinnatifidus.

Glabrous throughout: radical leaves linear-lanceolate,
once or twice pinnatifid, the cauline coarsely toothed: pedi-
cels divaricate, abruptly bent upwards beneath the calyx :
calyx-tube short-turbinate, the lanceolate teeth surpassed
by the rather acute 15 — 25-seeded, oval capsule: seed short-
oblong, flattened at each end, with longitudinally com-
pressed, favose reticulation.

198 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

All Saints Bay, Lower California; collected by the writer,
April 16 and May 16, 1885. Mr. Parish's 939, from S. Ber-
nardino Mountains, 1881, is manifestly the same in a very
immature condition. In this and the next the corolla is
open campanulate, nearly regular, and so small as hardly
to surpass the calyx.

Nemacladus tenuissimus.

Somewhat cinereous-puberulent throughout, or almost
glabrous, very slender: radical leaves elongated linear, re-
motely dentate, the cauline entire: pedicels capillary, de-
flexed and appearing secund: calyx-teeth ovate, less than
half the length of the turbinate tube, which is adnate to the
base of the globose, obtuse 10 — 20-seeded capsule, which
exceeds the calyx: seed short-oval, the favose reticulation
very slightly compressed.

All Saints Bay, May 16; also in San Diego County, in
the Jamul Valley, C. R. Orcutt.

Pholisma depressum.

Stems solitary, completely covered by the rhombic-ovate,
or sometimes oblong, closely imbricated scales; flowers in a
depressed, barely convex head, an inch or two broad : sepals
6, linear-filiform, minutely glandular-ciliolate: corolla tubu-
lar-funnelform, 6-lobed, lilac-purple: stamens shorter and
style longer than in the typical species.

Cape San Quentin, Lower California, May 10, 1885. The
fruiting specimens of the preceding year show T the head to
have attained, in maturing, a perfectly globose shape; but
the mass of flowers appears nearly flat as it lies on the sand.
This species is parasitic on roots of Aplopappus Berberidls.

Gilia (Leptodactylon) Veatchii, Parry in herb.

Shrubby and stout, a foot or two high, compactly branch-
ing, densely glandular-pubescent, viscid and very fragrant,
leaves crowded, spreading, very rigid, acerose, those of the

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 199

sterile branclilets commonly all opposite: corolla ochroleu-
cous inside, bronze-purple without, lobes a half inch long,
oblanceolate, the broad apex abruptly pointed: anthers lin-
ear-oblong, a little exserted from the throat: ovules 4 — 6 in
each cell.

Cedros Island, common on stony hills, forming compact
rounded masses a foot or two in breadth and height. First
collected in fruit by Dr. Veatch in 1859; obtained in
flower by the writer, April 30, 1885. The species is more
like the northern G. punjeus, than G. Cali/ornica, but is
very distinct from both.

EUCRYPTA, Nuttall, PI. Gamb. in Journ. Acad. Philad. Ser. 2, i. 158.

Calyx 5-parted, the sinuses naked. Corolla small, tubu-
lar-campanulate, without appendages. Capsule globose,
8-seeded, 2-valved, each valve in dehiscence liberating 2
oblong seeds, and long retaining concealed in a false cell
formed by its wall and the placenta, as many meniscoidal
ones. Seeds corrugated or smooth; testa not reticulate.
Erect, paniculately branching, viscid Pacific-coast annuals,
with small racemose flowers. Ellisia § Eucrypta, Gray,
Proc. Am. Acad. x. 316; Bot. Cal. i. 505; Syn. Fl. ii. 157.

These plants are not at agreement with Ellisia in habit.
Put if they were, capsules of such remarkable structure,
and with seeds of two sorts so strikingly dissimilar, neither
sort answering to those of Ellisia or of any other Hydro-
phyllaceous genus, must, it seems to the writer, establish
strongly enough a genus which was long ago well defined
by an eminent authority. The name (meaning " well hid-
den") is very admirably appropriate; for the pair of flattened
seeds (rarely by the abortion of one ovule, solitary) which
lie between the wall of the valve and its placenta, are so
closely sealed as to have escaped the detection of that great
botanist, the late Mr. Bentham, into whose hands one or
both of the species fell at an earlier date than that of Mr.
Nuttall's treatment of them, and who therefore described

200 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

the plant as if it had been a real Ellisia. Mr. Nuttall's two
species seem good, and are now capable of clearer definition
than he gave them.

E. chrysanthemifolia.

One to three feet high, stoutish and widely branching,
very leafy; leaves ample and twice or thrice pinnatihd;
racemes short and close, not much surpassing the leaves;
calyx not stellate-spreading or accrescent in fruit; the lobes
ovate, acutish: corolla light blue: free seeds, oblong-oval,
corrugated, the concealed ones thin-meniscoid, smooth.
E. foliosa, Nutt., 1. c. Ellisia chrysanthemifolia, Benth.
Trans. Linn. Soc; A. DC. Prod. ix. 292; Gray, 1. c. in part.

Common from San Francisco to San Diego, and on the
islands to Guadalupe. Mr. Nuttall's specific name for this
plant is good, but must yield before the prior one of Mr.
Bentham.

E. paniculata, Nutt., 1. c.

More slender than the last and less viscid: leaves fewer
and mostly once pinnatifid: racemes loose and elongated,
forming an ample panicle : calyx in fruit accrescent and
spreading; segments oblong-oval, obtuse: corolla yellowish:
free seeds more strongly corrugated than in the last; the
concealed ones less meniscoid and with distinct traces of
corrugation.

Probably not common in California. The specimens now
in hand are all from Lower California where they were col-
lected by Mr. Orcutt recently; the collector not unnaturally
taking them for a new species of Ellisia.

Phacelia floribunda.

Annual; a foot or two high, widely branching; soft-hirsute
throughout, and minutely glandular; leaves two or three
inches long, one-third as wide, loosely bipinnately parted,
the ultimate lobes crenate: spikes very numerous, crowded

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 201

at the ends of all the branches: calyx-lobes small, foliaceous,
pinnately 3 — 5-parted: corolla minute, pale blue, stamens
scarcely exserted, capsule 2 — 4-seeded: seeds very dark,
closely and deeply pitted. P. plvjllomanica, var. interrupta,
Gray, Proc. Am. Acad., xi. 87. Syn. Fl. ii. 161.

Lower parts of Guadalupe Island. In no wise resembling
the gigantic half shrubby P. phyllomanica, Gray, of the up-
per precipices, except as regards the pinnately-parted calyx-
lobes.

Eriodictyon crassifolium, Beuth.

Densely tomentose-villous, the hairs straight: corolla sal-
ver-form, twice as long as the calyx, densely villous outside:
seed finely about 10-striate, with innumerable minute trans-
verse lines. Bot. Sulph. 45. DC. Prod. x. 183.

Common in the neighborhood of San Diego.

Eriodictyon tomentosum, Benth. 1. c.

Very densely white or yellowish-tomentose, the hairs
matted : corolla scarcely exceeding the calyx, only 2 — 3 lines
long, somewhat urceolate, the inflated throat contracted
under the minute lobes: seed-coat nearly smooth (indis-
tinctly favose).

Newly collected by Mr. Brandegee in Monterey County,
w T here it is common.

This and the preceding were unfortunately confounded by
Dr. Torrey, in the Botany of the Mexican Boundary, and his
view has been adopted by Dr. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. x. 331.
Bot. Cal. i. 518, and Syn. Fl. ii. 176, but no two species of
the genus are more distinct. The former is more akin to
E. glutinosum, as the seeds show, than to E. tomentosum.

Eriodictyon sessilifolium.

Six or eight feet high, the branches very leafy up to the
flowers, glandular and sparsely hirsute: leaves glabrous and
glutinous above, glandular and hirsute on the veins beneath,

202 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

and somewhat tomentose between the veins, lanceolate-ob-
long, acutish, 3 — 5 inches long, coarsely serrate, margins of
serratures revolute, all closely sessile by a broad, truncate
or somewhat cordate-clasping base: calyx villous: corolla
tubular-funnelform, a half inch long, villous outside, lilac-
purple: seed unknown.

All Saints Bay, Lower California, April 16, 1885; but
there are other specimens in the herbarium of the Academy,
ticketed "Southern California, May, 1876, J. M. Hutch-
ings," so the species occurs somewhere doubtless within the
limits of the State.

Eriodictyon Lobbii. — Nama Lobbii, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. viii. 37; Bot.
Cal. i. 517; Syn. Fl. ii. 175.

Specimens from Donner Lake, collected last year by Mrs.
Curran, present us with mature fruit, hitherto unknown.
The capsule is 4-valved and 4-seeded, therefore precisely
that of Eriodictyon, to which gen as the plant conforms other-
wise in its shrubby habit, resinous viscosity and wooliness,
as well as in the attenuation of the sepals; for, in Nama,
these enlarge upwards. The seed is of the same size as in
other species of Eriodictyon, and is closely and minutely
pitted.

Heliotropium (Euploca) Californieum.

Annual, with numerous stout, erect-spreading branches a
foot long: strongly strigose; hispid throughout: leaves ovate,
an inch long, short-petioled: corolla a half inch broad, not
angulate lobed: anther-tips firmly coherent: nutlets smooth
and glabrous.

Mohave Desert, June, 1884. Mrs. Curran. This is doubt-
less the li H. convolvidaceum" of Bot. Cal. i. 521, said to have
been collected near Soda Lake by Dr. Cooper. It is evi-
dently a good species, of which the abundant rigid and harsh
pubescence, broad leaves, small corolla with a quite even
(not in the least angular) border, and glabrous nutlets, are

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 203

quite sufficient characters. It is a question whether this
second species, so strictly conformed to the original Buploca
in habit, does not call for the reinstatement of another Nut-
tall ian genus.

KRYNITZKIA, Fischer & Meyer.

§ Eukrynitzkia, Gray.
K. rostellata.

Near K. oxycarya, but smaller and more slender, the lower
leaves and branches opposite : calyx a line and a half long,
rather equally hispid with spreading bristles which are
straight at tip: nutlet solitary, smooth and shining, ovate-
lanceolate, sharply acuminate, subterete, truncate at base,
ventral groove bifurcate, and with a small, triangular, open
scar.

Lake and Colusa Counties, 1884. Mrs. M. K. Curran.

K, sparsiflora.

Near the last species, but only a span high, with few slen-
der branches inclined to be opposite; spikes few flowered,
almost filiform : calyx less than a line long, clothed with
short, ascending, hooked bristles: nutlet solitary, equaling
the calyx, ovate, acute, smooth and shining, compressed,
the ventral groove forked at the base but entirely closed.

Collected in 1884, by Mrs. Curran, the locality uncertain,
but very likely the same as that of the preceding.

K. ramosissima, Gray, partly.

Annual, stoutish, rigid and densely paniculate-branching,
a few inches to a foot high : leaves linear-oblong, mostly a
half inch long, apparently fleshy, and the smallest subterete,
beset with a few coarse, hispid hairs: spikes leafy-bracted :
calyx setose-hispid and more or less white-villous; nutlet
solitary, ovate-acuminate, brown, smooth and shining, ven-
tral face flat, the groove closed and without any bifurcation,
or opening at base. — Proc. Am. Acad. xx. 277, in small part

204 CALIFOENIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

only; the E fit rich 'turn racemosum, Watson, (which is of
§ Pseudol'rynitzkia) and the plants of Guadalupe and Cedros
Islands being all excluded.

Mohave Desert, Mrs. Curran, 1884. We have also received
the same from Mr. Orcutfc. That this and the two follow-
ing were confounded as one species is not unaccountable
but that the shrubby Pseudokrijniizkia which Mr. Watson
well named under Eritricliium, should have become associa-
ted with these, is rather inexplicable.

K. Cedrosensis.

Near the last but stouter and only sparingly branching,
the branches decumbent or ascending; leaves larger and
less setose: spikes leafy-bracted, short and somewhat glom-
erate at the ends of short branchlets: calyx villous-hispid
but not setose : nutlet solitary, smooth and shining, mottled
with darker brown, ovate-acuminate, the ventral face very
flat or even a little concave by an introflexion of the sharp
lateral angles, the groove open near the base, and with a
distinct but short bifurcation. — K. ramosissima, Gray, 1. c.
in part.

Cedros Island, April, 1885. Dr. Gray's cited specimens
from the same locality are probably identical, although
none are to be found in our collection from Dr. Veatch.
The nutlets are very unlike those of the last, and the habit
of the species is quite characteristic.

K. maritima.

Erect, a, span to a foot high, intricately and compactly
branching: leaves linear, an inch long, setose with short
bristles: spikes elongated, with only here and there a leafy
bract: calyx a line long, short-bristly, not villous: nutlet
solitary, hardly a half line long, dark brown and shining,
ovate-lanceolate in outline, ventral face flat, the closed
groove terminating in a triangular or roundish scar. K.
ramosissima, Gray, 1. c. as to the plant of Guadalupe Is-
land.

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 205

First collected by Dr. Palmer, in 1875, and again by the
present writer, April 26, 1885. This and the preceding all
fall into line with K. oxycarya and K. microstachys, with
which they agree in the character of a solitary, smooth and
shining nntlet.

K. foliosa.

A span or more high, erect, simple, and very leafy below,
parting above into numerous ascending branches : spikes in
threes, an inch or more long, bractless, crowded: calyx
rigid, and armed with short but very stiff subulate bristles:
nutlets four, dull brown, muriculate, ventral groove open at
base, the short bifurcation not divaricate.

Guadalupe Island; apparently collected by Dr. Palmer,
as well as by the writer, and referred to K. muriculata, to
which it bears little resemblance, except as to the nutlets;
and even these differ from those of that species in the char-
acter of the basal part of the groove.

K. denticulata.

A foot or two high, stout and erect, often with some de-
cumbent branches, very strongly hispid-hirsute throughout :
foliage sparse : spikes loose and elongated, mostly in threes :
calyx small, its lobes short-lanceolate, hispid, with rufous
bristles : nutlets four, dark brown, sharply muriculate, tri-
angular-ovate, with rather obvious, minutely denticulate
lateral angles, and an indistinct dorsal ridge, the ventral
groove closed, and forked at base.

Western Nevada, 1884, Mrs. Curran. The species may
not be rare, and could have been referred, possibly, to K.
muriculata, but it is very distinct, and the nutlets are, for a
Krynitzkia, quite peculiar, the back of them suggestive of
affinity with Plagiobothrys Kingii, which inhabits the same
region.

206 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

§ Piptocalyx.

X. circumscissa, Gray.

Depressed and diffusely branched: leaves alternate: spikes
short, glomerate: nutlets a half line long, light gray, mi-
nutely puncticulate, ventral suture divaricate-forked at base.
Proc. Am. Acad. xx. 275.

Ranging from Washington Territory to the Southern part
of California, and eastward in Nevada. The plant of Ne-
vada and California is many times larger than the original
Lithospennum circumscissum, H. & A. of the far north, and
has a very different pubescence, but the light gray puncticu-
late nutlets are everywhere the same, and so it may not be
well to separate these two; but the following is very distinct
namely:

X. dichotoma.

Erect and dichotomously branching, 2 — 6 inches high:
leaves opposite: calyces in the forks of the branches, and
along the internodes where they are subtended by a solitary
bract : nutlets twice as long as in the last, but not thicker,
acuminate, light brown with darker spots, very smooth and
shining, basal forking of ventral groove short and not divari-
cate.

Eastern base of the Sierra Nevada, between Boca and
Verdi, 1884; Mrs. Curran.

These plants, with their peculiar habit and circumscissile
calyx, appear to call for that subgeneric rank, even in
Krynitzlda, which was accorded to Dr. Torrey's Plptocalyx
in the Botany of California.

§ Pterygium, Gray, 1. c. in part.

* Nutlets winged,

X, pterocarya, Gray, 1. c. in part.

One nutlet of the 4 commonly wingless: wings of the

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 207

three bright white, terminating at the base of the nutlet,
not crossing it; ventral face of nutlet muricate.

Common from Southern California to Washington Terri-
tory, and for some distance eastward.

K. cycloptera.

Nutlets all winged : wings brownish, not abruptly narrow-
ing and ending on each side of the nutlet below, but con-
tinuous across the base of it: ventral face not muricate.

Arizona, at Tucson, Pringle, and probably eastward into
New Mexico.

This clearly distinct species was, I judge, mixed with the
original Eritrichium pterocaryum, Torr., for he had plants
from far eastward, collected by "Wright & Bigelow; but the
figure in Bot. "Wilkes' Exp. is made from the preceding,

* * Nutlets not winged.

K. Oyxgona, Gray, 1. c. 276 in part.

Nutlets sharply angled, and sparsely muriculate.
Mohave Desert. Pringle, 1882.

K. Mohavensis,

Nutlets not sharply angled, very smooth and shining, with
no trace of muriculation. — K. oxygona, Gray, 1. c. as to the
plant of Mrs. Curran.

Muriculate and smooth nutlets are surely inadmissible in
the same species, hence the necessity of separating the two
last.

The above four species appear to constitute a most natural
section of Krynit?Ma, all being annuals, with a peculiar
habit, light green herbage, broad calyx-lobes, and nutlets of
a distinctive shape. The presence or absence of wings is
shown by the first species, not to be of sub-generic value.
The intrusion of K. Jwloptera and K. setosissima under Ptery-
gium appears to me to be artificial, and destructive of this
otherwise well marked section, and I would rigidlv exclude
them.

«

208 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

§ Pseudokrynitzlda, Gray.

K. racemosa. Eritrichium racemosum, Watson in Gray, Proc. Am. Acad,
xvii. 226; Krynitzkia ramosissima, Gray 1. c. xx. 277, in part, must re-
tain its specific name, which, for the plant described originally, can
hardly be considered inappropriate.

The calyces are on pedicels as long as themselves, at
least, and the species is a suffrutescent Pseudokrynitzlda,
whose nutlets are light gray and muriculate, extremely un-
like those of the annual Eukrynitzkias, which I have distin-
guished on page 203, preceding.

Convolvulus luteolus, Gray.

It is this species, and not C. occidentalis, which has the
shrubby character described in Bot. Gaz. vii. 93. The
following is entirely distinct from it.

Convolvulus fulcratus.

Only a foot or two high, not shrubby, feebly, if at all
twining, soft-pubescent throughout : bracts foliaceous, and,
like the leaves, sagittate : corolla pale yellow : capsule and
seed not seen. C. luteolus, var. fulcratus, Gray, Bot. Cal. i.
534; Syn. Fl. ii. 216.

Foothills of the Sierra, from the central parts of Califor-
nia down to the peninsula, where it has lately been col-
lected by Mr. Cleveland. Remarkably unlike the tall,
woody climber with perfectly glabrous foliage, and small,
almost subulate bracts; and there are no intermediate forms.

Convolvulus macrostegius.

Suffrutescent, the trailing or climbing stems, with their
herbaceous flowering branches 6 — 15 feet long: glabrous
throughout: leaves triangular-hastate, 2 — 3 inches long, and
as broad at base, on petioles of about the same length: ped-
uncles 6 — 8 inches long, usually 3-flowered, a pair of large,
loose membranaceo-foliaceous bracts inclosing all the buds,
the lateral flowers each similarly bracted within the outer

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 209

bracts: corolla pale yellow, the broad limb only surpassing
the bracts: fruit unknown. C. occidental^, Watson, Proc.
Am. Acad. xi. 118, not of Gray.

Guadalupe Island, in the crevices of basaltic cliffs, and also
spreading over rocky declivities at lower elevations. The
peduncles are often 5-flowered, each bud, even then, folia-
ceous-bracted, save that the exterior pair of general bracts
always serves as the involucre of the central flower; or, in
other words, this one is otherwise bractless.

Physalis muriculata.

Less than a foot high, branching, and more or less de-
cumbent: root perennial: herbage soft-pubescent and slight-
ly viscid: leaves thin, ovate, repand, an inch long, on slen-
der petioles of equal length: corolla small, greenish, with
darker spots at base: fruiting calyx oval, muriculatc, es-
pecially along the prominent, purplish angles.

Lower California, at Cape San Quentin, May 10, 1885.

Nicotiana petuniaeflora-

Two or three feet high, stout, viscid-pubescent and some-
what hispid-scabrous: radical leaves oblong-lanceolate, 3 — 4
inches long on slender petioles; cauline linear-lanceolate,
longer than the radical, on shorter petioles: calyx-teeth tri-
angular-lanceolate: corolla an inch and a quarter long,
salverform, white changing to bronze-purple; limb three-
fourths of an inch broad, with very shallow, scarcely notice-
able, rounded, or even refuse lobes.

Guadalupe Island. Placed under N. Bigelovii, by Mr.
Watson (Proc. Am. Acad. xi. 117), and under N. attenuata
by Dr. Gray (Syn. Fl. ii. 243), but not properly referable to
either, the characters of the handsome, vespertine corolla
being quite peculiar, and the hispid pubescence not apper-
taining to those species.

210 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Diplacus arachnoideus.

Somewhat viscid throughout, the calyx aucl young foliage
whitish arachnoicl-touieutose: leaves lanceolate, entire or
sparingly toothed, subcoriaceous : calyx more than an inch
long, distinctly widened below the middle and contracted
above it; teeth triangular-lanceolate: corolla more than two
inches long, nearly white, drying pale buff; tube narrowly
funnell'orm; lobes quadrate-oblong, slightly toothed: pod
with no apical tuberculation.

A most beautiful species, with large corollas almost white,
found only by the writer, at All Saints Bay, Lower Califor-
fornia, April 16, 1885.

The pale-flowered species of the mountains back of San
Diego, and of the northern part of the peninsula, collected
by Messrs. Cleveland and Orcutt, are D. longiflorus and D.
leptanthus, both excellent species, the former readily distin-
guishable from all others by the deeply sinuate-cleft corolla-
lobes, the latter differing from D. glutinosus by its linear,
entire, coriaceous leaves, and capsule without apical tuber-
cle. Of the five southern species recognizable, only D. pu-
niceus and D. stellatus have the tubercle. D. arachnoideiLs
is readily distinguished from all the old species by its cob-
webby pubescence.

Diplacus Stellatus, Kellogg, Pro. Cal. Acad. ii. 18; Greene, Bull. Cal. Acad.
iii. 95,

Was found again, by the writer, on Cedros Island, last
May. The corolla is like that of D. glutinosus in form and
color, but only half as large . The pubescence is chiefly a
dense, short yellow tomentum. The pod has the tubercula-
tion. The species is, in my opinion, w r ell confirmed.

Verbena lilacina.

Suffrutescent, much branched, erect, 2 — 4 feet high, spar-
ingly short-hirsute and somewhat scabrous; branches stout,
4 — 6-angled, sparingly leafy: leaves bipinnatifid, the divis-

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 211

.ions remote, the ultimate lobes linear-subulate, acute: inflo-
rescence depressed-capitate, becoming spicate in fruit:
bracts setaceous- attenuate, shorter than the calyx: calyx-
teeth equal, subulate-setaceous: corolla small, pale lilac,
very fragrant: nutlets small, light broAvn, nearly smooth,
retrorsely hispidulous on the commissure.

Cedros Island, May 1, 1885. Common in gravelly arroyos
not far from the shore.

Monardella thymifolia.

Shrubby, much branched, a foot high, soft-pubescent:
leaves ovate, entire, 2 — 4 lines long, on petioles of less than
a line: heads small, 15 — 25-hWered : bracts herbaceous,
ovate, rather acute, parallel-veined, their margins hirsute-
ciliate: calyx-teeth lanceolate, pubescent: corolla 5 — 7 lines
long, purplish, tube much exserted, somewhat trumpet-
shaped, twice as long as the limb.

Rocky ravines, near the summits of Cedros Island, May
1, 1885. More decidedly shrubby than any other known
species, growing in compact.' rounded masses a foot or two
thick.

Salvia (Echinosphace) Bernardina, S. B. Parish, in herb.

Suffrutescent, several feet high, somewhat puberulent or
glabrate: leaves rugose and green above, paler beneath,
lanceolate, 2 inches long, pinnately lobed, the lobes crenate :
numerous verticillastrate heads an inch in diameter : calyx
naked within, its arcuate upper lip tipped with three aristi-
forni teeth, which are commonly united almost to the end
into two or ooe, greatly surpassing the two singly aristate
lobes of the lower: corolla purple, surpassing the calyx.

Near San Bernardino, 1885; S. B. Parish.

That this singular plant, altogether resembling an Audi-

bertia, should have been found at this late period in the

history of San Bernardino botany, in a single specimen,

goes to confirm a suspicion which the aspect of the speci-

3

212 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

mens suggests, that it may be a hybrid product of Audiber-
tia stachyoides fertilized by Salvia Columbarice. The structure
of the corolla is that of the Salvia, even to the polliniferous
lower anther-cell.

Salvia (Calosphace) Cedrosensis.

Shrub 1 — 3 feet high, branches white-tomentose, the hairs
branching: leaves green and not rugose above, white be-
neath, ovate, with cuneate, truncate or cordate base, crenate,
6 — 10 lines long, on short petioles: flowers in short, rather
dense, naked racemes: calyx funnelform, four lines long,
striate-veined, the three very short lobes entire, mucronate-
pointed; pedicel less than a line long: corolla deep blue,
twice the length of the calyx : filaments naked : style villous
above.

Cedros Island, April 28, 1885. Common at middle and
higher elevations. Related to S. ballota>flora and S. plat-
ycheila.

Polygonum (Avicularia) Austinae.

Erect-spreading, branching from the base, a span high,
glabrous except the minutely scabrous angles of the branches
near the joints: leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, sessile, a half
inch long, the floral much reduced: stipules short-campanu-
late, not lacerate : flowers in all the axils, mostly a pair in
each: pedicels very short, abruptly deflexed: sepals obtuse,
completely and closely investing the rather narrowly ovate,
smooth and shining akene.

Modoc County, on the northern border of the State, on
sage-brush plains; Mrs. R. M. Austin, 1884-5. The species
closely resembles P. Engelmanni (see page 126), but has
broader leaves, entire stipules, and a thrice larger nutlet,
which does not, in maturity even, at all surpass the peri-
anth.

Pterostegia fruticosa.

Shrubby, diffusely branched, firmly erect, 2 — i. feet high,

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 213

densely leafy: branchlets short-jointed, tomentulose at the
joints: leaves glabrate, fleshy, obovate-spatulate, entire, ob-
tuse or retuse, 2 — 5 lines long: involucre firm-hyaline, red-
dish, with darker reticulate veins, 5 — 7 lines long, deeply
cleft into two entire, reniform lobes: wings reniform, entire,
unequal, one of them one-third, the other two-thirds the
length of the involucre: akene ovate-lanceolate, two lines
long, sharply triquetrous : perianth a half line long, persis-
tent.

Cedros Island; first collected (in a small fragment, with
one involucre) by Dr. Veatch, long ago. It is the common-
est bush on all the lower and middle elevations of the island;
a hard, brittle-wooded evergreen, almost the only thing to
give a look of verdure to the sunburnt slopes at the dry
season of the year.

Pterostegia galioides.

Shrubby, a foot or two high, diffusely branched, the
branches slender, weak and reclining: foliage and branch-
lets minutely and sparingly pubescent: leaves linear-spatu-
late, a half inch long, hardly a line wide, acutish: involucre
thin-hyaline, white, with reddish reticulation, scarcely lobed
(the folds when spread presenting a merely obcordate out-
line of the whole), a half inch long: wings equal, erect,
bladdery-inflated, nearly an inch long : akene broadly lanceo-
late, three lines long: persistent sepals half a line.

A weak under shrub, with the aspect of a Galium climbing
up among the branches of depressed masses of Rhus inlegri-
folia on the blufts of Cape San Quentin, Lower California.
This and the preceding species must be reckoned among the
most remarkable additions to Pacific American botany that
have been made for some years. There is nothing in the
aspect of either of them to suggest at first any close rela-
tionship with the little prostrate herb, P. drymarioides; nev-
ertheless, an examination of the involucres reveals no char-
acter by which either of them could be generically separated

214 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

from that plant. The flowers of both are unknown, and the
species are described from such fruit as could be picked up
from the ground, under the bushes which produced them.
It may well be that M. macroptera of Magdalena Bay, further
down the peninsula, partially fills the hiatus between these
and our common little annual, for that is described as having
a root probably perennial, fleshy leaves, and a large, pecu-
liar involucre.

Agave Sebastiana.

Acaulescent: leaves numerous, ascending, thick, glau-
cous, about a foot long, ovate-lanceolate, widest above the
middle, tapering into a stout spine two inches long : mar-
ginal spines remote, divaricate or deflexed : scape very stout,
6 — 10 feet high; panicle short and crowded, its branches
stout, ascending: umbels many- flowered: flowers yellow;
corolla one and a half inches long, the tube broad funnel-
form, two -thirds as long as the segmeiits; stamens more
than twice the length of the corolla, a little exceeded by the
style : capsule linear, prismatic, three inches long.

Cedros and Natividad Islands; also (according to the seal
hunters) on the peninsular shores of the beautiful bay of Se-
bastian Yiscaino. It is more like A. Parryi of New Mexico
than any other, but very distinct from it, and a much larger
plant than its nearest California relative, which is A. deserti.

3. Notes on Guadalupe Island.

The Island of Guadalupe lies about midway of the great
peninsula of Lower California, and at a distance of about
one hundred miles from its coast. It is twenty miles or
more in length by eight or ten in breadth, and is of volcanic
origin. A tract of land so large, rising out of the sea at so
considerable a distance from the continent, would be ex-
pected to prove an interesting field for studies in natural
history.

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 215

The first naturalist to visit Guadalupe was Dr. Edward
Palmer, who was landed there in the month of February,
1875, remaining until May. A most interesting account of
the vegetation of the island was published, from Dr. Palmer's
notes and specimens, by Mr. Sereno Watson, in the begin-
ning of 1876, in the eleventh volume of the Proceedings of
the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

So intelligent and so zealous a collector as Dr. Palmer,
passing there so many weeks, at so favorable a season of the
year, would not be likely to leave much for succeeding ex-
plorers to do. Nevertheless, I was made very glad last
winter by the prospect of an opportunity of making myself
the second scientific voj-ager to —

" This sweet lone isle amid the sea."

Sailing from San Diego toward evening on the 16th of
April, on board a little sloop of ten tons' burden, with one
fellow naturalist and two seamen, we made our sail of three
hundred and thirty miles in about fifty hours, anchoring in
the late twilight, close under the two thousand feet of per-
pendicular cliffs that rise abruptly from the ocean to form
the northeastern shore of Guadalupe.

The early morning light disclosed at a very short distance
from our moorings, a narrow line of beach under the cliffs,
and on this beach a line of low cabins, their walls made of
boulders, and their roofs consisting of a thatch of palm
leaves. The dwellers in this rude maritime village are a
band of some forty Lower California soldiers, who have
been stationed there since the beginning of 1884, by the
Mexican Government, to prevent the wholesale slaughter of
the goats, of which there are many thousands still on the
island, notwithstanding the fact that for some two or three
years prior to 1884, many a cargo of goat skins and tallow
had been taken to San Diego.

Our first labor, upon landing, was that of climbing to the
summit of the island, a distance of five or six miles, by a

216 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

steep, zigzag trail; for Guadalupe is simply a large table-
land about three thousand feet high, its volcanic, rocky sides
being in most places too precipitous for even a goat to climb,
and almost wholly barren. The plateau is interrupted by a
central ridge, some points of which rise a thousand feet
higher; but the table-land section of the island is pleasant
ground, with a considerable breadth of open, grassy plain,
some miles of cypress woods, and several springs of excellent
water; although there are no streams that flow after the
winter rains have ceased. Our long and slow ascent from
the beach to the canning place, near the principal spring on
the island, occupied the first half day, but was far from
being a tedious or uninteresting pilgrimage. Our blankets
and provisions were borne on the shoulders of a half dozen
of the Indian soldiers; and we were free to range about and
examine the new forms of plant life which began to appear
as soon as we had, by zigzag climbing, risen out of the
canon where our trail began. The gentler declivity now
leading to the plateau was covered with the really very
handsome Senecio Palmeri, a shrub three or four feet high,
with snow-white foliage and fine clusters of yellow blos-
soms. Erect, half-shrubby plants of lower growth, namely,
Sphceralcea sulphurea and Hosackia ornithopus,vfexe also quite
abundant, together with a fine, wild morning glory, which
spread its long trailing branches abroad among the rocks,
and was just putting forth its earliest creamy-white corollas.
The latter are almost half hidden by their large, leafy in-
volucral bracts, and the plant is in no wise referable to the
Convolvulus occidentals of California. It has been described
on a preceding page as C. macrostegius. All four of the
conspicuous plants that first meet the eye of the botanist
here, are peculiar to the island. Another plant of these
same middle altitudes is not so new; but the failure of my
predecessor in this field to either collect or make a note of
its presence on the island, I cannot account for. I refer to
Brodicea capitata, which is found exceedingly common, not

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 217

only at this point, but also on the table-land, all about the
spring, and differing rather strikingly from the rankest Cali-
fornia specimens in its much greater size. Its leaves, in
Guadalupe, are an inch broad, and its scape not seldom
more than three feet high.

Our abode, for the week of our sojourn, was taken up in
one of the palm-thatched cabins which the soldiers have
constructed near the springs for their own convenience,
while hunting goats on these elevated meadow-lands. The
cabins stand in the midst of a fine cypress grove, and we
were soon familiar with the characteristics of this peculiar
species. A near relative of the Monterey cypress (Cypressus
macrocarpa), it is nevertheless of a very different aspect,
with its smooth, scaly bark and short, conical head. It is
still more distinct from Cupressus Arizonica, with which it
has nothing in common but the glaucescent foliage. The
tallest specimens of Cupressus Guadalupensis do not exceed
fifty feet in height, and their trunks near the ground are
three feet, more or less, in thickness. This tree appears
formerly to have occupied almost the entire plateau of the
northern half of the island; but now, upon the greater part
of this tract, only the fallen trunks, far gone in decay, re-
main. The cause of its destruction I cannot guess. Gua-
dalupe has never been inhabited except very temporarily by
shipwrecked or seal-hunting sailors, or fugitives from Mexi-
co. It is easy to conceive that fires might have devastated
any part, but there is no evidence that the fallen trees were
destroyed by flames. If they had been their decay would
have been less rapid, and charring would remain visible
upon the last relics of the wood. A cedar tree (Juniperus
Calif ornicay ax. osteosperma, Engelm.), which appears to have
covered, in former times, the south part of the island, is
now upon the very verge of extermination. Only ten years
ago Dr. Palmer observed it, "all over the middle of the
island * * * forming groves about fifteen feet high."
In this year of 1885 there were remaining, of the grove in

218 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

the middle of the island, only three trees that were not quite
dead; and on these three, only a few tufts of green twigs gave
the feeble sign of nearly exhausted vitality. Only on a
southeastern cliff, hanging over the sea, did I find a tree
vigorous enough to be bearing some well formed fruit. It
is possible that a succession of very dry years may have
wrought this havoc among these arboreal products of Gua-
dalupe. Whether this be the cause or not there is, however,
no one to tell us; but, at all events, the botanist on Guada-
lupe ten years hence, will hardly be likely to find this juni-
per surviving for enumeration on the list of living plants.
The other forest trees of the island are a good sized pine,
some groves of which adorn a considerable length of that
very high and narrow ridge which makes the northeastern
extremity of land, and an oak, of which there are not to
exceed a half dozen individuals. The pine resemble aPinus
insignia, or " Monterey Pine," but has smoother cones, and
its leaves are in pairs instead of threes. It is otherwise the
same, and was named by the late Dr. Engelmann P. insignis
var. binata. The oak is a large, very handsome tree, with,
rounded head, large, dark evergreen leaves, and acorns
larger than in perhaps any other species. It does not in
any way resemble, as a tree, our Quercus chrysolepis of Cali-
fornia, with which Dr. Engelmann would have compared it:
but it has been published as distinct, under the name of Q.
tomentella, Engelm.

The climate of Guadalupe appears to be colder in winter
than that of the coast regions of even the central part of Cal
ifornia, a circumstance owing, no doubt, to its lying more
directly in the path of winds and currents that come down
from arctic seas; and yet there flourishes in the canons a tall
and handsome palm, which bears an edible fruit, and is the
sole product of the island which looks tropical. The herba-
ceous vegetation, consisting chiefly of annual species, must
vary greatly in both quantity and variety in different years,
according as the winter rains are scant or copious. The

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 219

present year must have been one of unusual drought; for
the entire plateau of the southern half of the island was a
sunburnt waste, with hardly a leaf of living verdure; and
yet the sere stems of the preceding year's growth were knee
high everywhere, showing that the rains on Guadalupe in
1884 must have been as unusually copious as they were in
the southern parts of California for that year. The north-
ern half of the island is less dependent upon actual rainfall,
so constant and so heavy are the fogs that envelop all its
higher and more fertile altitudes. The vicinity of the
springs, the district of highest fertility, would naturally, in
the absence of all human occupants, become the favorite
pasture ground for the destructive flocks of goats. The
presence of the small garrison must already have had a fa-
vorable effect upon the vegetation of this very best part of
the island. A detail of soldiers is sent here daily with don-
keys and water-casks, after the supply of water for their
encampment on the beach five or six miles below; and as
often as twice a week a certain number encamp here under
the cypress trees to hunt goats on the ridges and mesas
above. Consequently the timid flocks never come near these
freshest of all pastures, and a rank vegetation is the result.
Twelve of the fifteen species which I have added to the
former list of Guadalupe plants were found in this partiular
district.

These general observations may be concluded with two
or three remarks upon the fauna of the island. Of indige-
nous quadrupeds I saw nothing larger than mice; but these
were very abundant, yet hardly more plentiful than a cer-
tain natural enemy of theirs which has become naturalized,
namely, the domestic cat. From almost any little clump of
bushes, or from behind any rock, the herbalist may startle
into most swift, precipitous flight a large, sleek, handsome,
well fed feline. The rocky places abound not only in mice,
but in a species of wren, that is tame and confiding beyond
the habit of any wild bird one meets with elsewhere; and on

220 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

the mice and the wrens the cats, by whatever chance they
became adventive on this lonely shore, have fared well, mul-
tiplied freely, and reverted to the original wildness of their
prehistoric progenitors. Birds are numerous, especially in
the dense cypress woods which crown the very highest mid-
dle region of the island, above the springs, where the
morning air is resonant with varied song. Of reptiles I met
with only two or three small lizards. In the moist parts of
the plateau are plenty of shallow and tepid pools, fed by
springs, but not even a tadpole was visible; and both sol-
diers and seamen assured me that none of the toad or frog
race were ever seen or heard on Guadalupe. Most other
islands off the coast of Mexico are commonly reported to be
alive with snakes; but no one charges this remoter and
more oceanic pile with harboring serpents of any sort; and
during my seven days of incessant rambling and climbing,
I did not see one.

In the subjoined list of plants, the species marked * were
not noted by Dr. Palmer, and are additional to Mr. Wat-
son's list, published ten years since. Those marked t were
not observed by me.

J,.. A Catalogue of the Mowering Plants and Ferns of Guada-
lupe Island.

*Myosurus minimus, Linn. In the middle of the island,
and also at the north end, near springs. The specimens are
large, and belong to a peculiar, very slender form, which is
common in California, from San Francisco to San Diego.

Kanunculus hebecarpus, Hook. & Arn. Only in the shade
of a large tree of Quercus tomentella, Engelm. Shorter and
stouter than the Californian plant; the akenes more numer-
ous.

Crossosoma Caltfornicum, Nutt. Wood very brittle, ex-
haling a pleasant, birchy fragrance when freshly broken

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OP SCIENCES. 221

^Eschscholtzia Califobnica, Cham. Eoot perennial: stems
robust, two feet high: petals orange, two inches long. The
true E. Californica, luxuriating in one place only, near the
edge of a precipice, northeast of the cabins. Possibly of
recent introduction.

Eschscholtzia elegans, Greene. (See page 182.)

Eschscholtzia elegans, var. ramosa, Greene. (See page
182.)

*Brassica campestris, Linn. A few plants near the cab-
ins; the species apparently not yet well established.

fBRASSICA NIGRA, Boiss.

Sisymbrium canescens, Nutt.

Sisymbrium beflexum, Nutt.
fLiEPIDIUM Menziesii, DC.

Lepidium lasiocarpum, Nutt.
tThysanocabpus ebectus, Watson.

Oligomebis sublulata, Boiss.

Silene Gallica, Linn. Very common in, and in the
neighborhood of, the lower cypress groves.

t Silene Antirbhina, Linn.

Stellabia nitens, Nutt. Under oak trees at the north
end.

Calandbinia Menziesii, Hook. Much smaller than in
California; always prostrate; an albino state very frequent-

Claytonia pebfoliata, Donn. Corolla smaller and more
purple than in California.

Malva bobealis, "Wallm. Very common on the eastward
slope.

222 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Lavatera occidentalis, Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. xi. 124.
Shrub larger than described; the large ones ten feet high.

Sph^eralcea sulphurea, "Watson, 1. c. 125. Stems ascend-
ing, or the lowest prostrate.

Erodium cicutapjum, L'Her.

Erodium moschatum, L'Her. Very little was seen of either
species of the pin clover.

IKhamxus crocea, Nutt.

Ceanothus crassifolius, Torr. Only a small seedling
plant, near the cabins. Dr. Palmer's locality for the shrub
was not visited by the writer.

ICeanothus cuneatus, Nutt.

Ehus laurina, Nutt.

Lupinus niveus, Watson, 1. c. 126. Only one flowering
specimen seen, and that almost inaccessible; but numerous
seedlings of this, or else of an annual species with the same
pubescence, were growing on level ground south and west of
the cabins, where the goats no longer range.

*Lupinus Guadalupensis, Greene. (See page 184.)

Trifolium Palmeri, Watson.

Trifolium microcephalia, Pursh.

'ITrifolium amplectens, Torr. & Gray.

Hosackia grandiflota, Benth. A single plant, in a nearly
inaccessible crevice. No trace of it left "among trees in
the middle of the island."

Hosackia ornithopus, Greene. (Seepage 185.)

Vicia exigua, Nutt. Not uncommon; the specimens
thrifty.

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 223

Alchemilla OCCIDENTALIS, Nlltt.
tElBES SANGUINEUS!, Pursh.
TlLLJEA MINIMA, Miei'S.

Epilobium minutum, Lincll. Two or three plants found
in the locality indicated by Dr. Palmer.

fCENOTHERA GUADALUPENSIS, Watson.
fMENTZELIA DISPERSA, "Watson.

*Mentzelia micrantha, Torr. & Gray. Only on the beach,
near the landing. Probably of recent introduction.

Echinocystis Guadalupensis, Naudin. The fruit of this
species is conspicuously flattened laterally.

-Mamillaria Goodridgii, Scheer. A single specimen, of
fair size and in flower, toward the south end of the island.

*Opuntia prolifera, Engelm. Rather common on pre-
cipitous, rocky places near the sea, on both sides of the is-
land, but especially plentiful near the landing; smaller than
in California.

*Mesembryanthemum crystallinum, Linn. On the beach
at the landing.

Daucus pusillus, Michx.

Galium Aparine, Linn.

t Galium angulosum, Gray.

Corethrogyne cana. Diplostephium canum, Gray, Proc.
Am. Acad. xi. 75. I find this shrub generically inseparable
from Corethrogyne detonsa, Greeue, Bull. Ton*. Club, x. 41,
and differing from it mainly in having thinner, entire leaves,
smaller heads, and probably yellow corollas; for, although
it was not found in flower by me, I have no reason to doubt
the statement of so careful an observer as Dr. Palmer. If

224 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

this be the case, there will still be no need to propose a new-
genus, since, in the one standing nearest to Corethrogyne,
separated from it indeed by the character of the corolla
alone, namely, Lessingia, the flowers are, in some species,
yellow, in others purple, (never, however, "white," as in
Syn. Fl. ii. 54, they are said to be "in most species"). C.
detonsa is still as imperfectly known as when published; and
of C. carta I saw but one plant, but that one fully six feet
high. Both these species are shrubby; but so is that com-
monest of all species, C . filagmifolia, Nutt., at least at base.

fMiCROPUS Californicus, Fisch. & May.

*Filago Californica, Nutt. A fine growth of this spe-
cies about the springs, north of the middle portion of the
island.

Filago Arizonica, Gray. Dry mesas toward the south
end.

Graphalium Sprengelii, Hook. & Arn. Only one plant
seen.

Franseria camphorata, Greene. (See page 192.)

tLEPTOSYNE GIGANTEA, Kellogg.

Hemizonia frutescens, Gray. Only one suffrutescent
plant seen, and that on the precipice. It is common on the
level ground and hillsides, and, in such places, strictly an-
nual.

Perityle incana, Gray.

Pebityle Californica, Benth.

B^ria Palmeri, Gray.

fERIOPHYLLUM CESPITOSUM, Dougl.

Amblyopappus pusillus, Hook. & Arn.
Matricaria, discoidea, DC.

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 225

Artemisia Californica, Less.

Senecio Palmeri, Gray.

Microseris linearifolia, Gray. Abundant and very rank
about the springs and the cypress groves, where the goats
do not now range.

Malacothrix Clevelandi, Gray.

*Troximon heterophyllum, Greene. About the springs,
in grassy ground; fine large specimens, of the ordinary form
only.

Sonchus oleraceus, Linn. Now very common on the
eastward slope of the island.

GlTHOPSIS SPECULARIOIDES, Nutt.

Specularia biflora, Gray.

*Arctostaphylos ? A single seedling plant

of not more than two or three years' growth, found under a
cypress; species apparently new.

Dodecatheon Meadia, Linn.

Anagallis arvensis, Linn. Only one plant, on the top of
the island.

tHESPERELiEA Palmeri, Gray.

GlLIA DIVARICATA, Nutt.

Gilia multicaulis, Benth. A very marked form with co-
rolla, calyx and capsule twice as long as in the plant of Cali-
fornia; the leaves also much more dissected.

Gilia pusilla, Benth. Agreeing with the South Ameri-
can type of the species; not with the var. Californica, Gray.

Nemophila racemosa, Nutt. Common in the middle of
the island; and the name N. aurita, Lindley, in Watson's

226 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

list, must have been an error, for I saw no trace of that
species. The two are indeed closely related, yet sufficiently
distinct.

Eucrypta chrysanthemifolta, Greene. (See page 200.)

Phacelia phyllomanica, Gray. Shrubby below, and often
more than six feet high; the largest species known.

Phacelia floribunda, Greene. (See page 200.)

Emmenanthe penduliplora, Benth. Abundant, very large
and handsome, far surpassing what one sees of this species
in California.

Harpagonella Palmeri, Gray.
IPectocarya penicillata, A. DC.
Krynitzkia maritima, Greene. (See page 204.)
Kbynitzkia foliosa, Greene. (See page 205.)
Convolvulus macrostegius, Greene. (See page 208.)

Solanum Douglash, Dunal. Two plants seen, in the
canon near the beach; perhaps the very same individuals
seen by Dr. Palmer in the same spot; for this plant is a
shrub, wrongly referred to as S. nigrum, which is annual.

Solanum Xanti, var. Wallacei, Gray. Common on the
plateau, in round, compact masses three feet and more in
height and thickness. The dense villous and glandular pu-
bescence, and large, pale corollas should apparently entitle
this island plant to the rank of a species. True S. Xanti, as
regards the plant of California, is usually quite glabrous.

tLYCiuM Caljfornicum, Nutt.

Nicotiana petunleflora, Greene. (See page 209.)
tLiNARiA Canadensis, Dumont.

Antirrhinum Nuttallianum, Benth.

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 227

Antirrhinum speciosum, Gray.
Eunanus latifolius, Greene.

fCASTILLERIA FOLIOLOSA, Hook. & Am.

Calamintha Palmeri, Gray.

tPoGOGYNE tenuiflora, Gray.

Plantago Patagonica, Jacq.

Mirabilis Californica, Gray. Seen only near the beach,
on the eastern side.

Chenopodium album, Linn.

*Chenopodium murale, Linn. A few plants near the land-
ing; evidently a new comer.

Atriplex Palmeri, Gray.

Pterostegia drymarioides, Fisch. & Mey.

Hesperocnide tenella, Torr.

Parietaria debilis, Forst.

Qqercus tomentella, Englm. (See page 218.)

1-Phoradendron Bolleanum, Eichler.

Cupressus Guadalupensis, Watson. (See page 217.)

Juniperus Californica, Carr. (See page 217.)

Pinus insignis, Dougl., var. binata, Engelni. (See page
216.)

*Bbodlea capitata, Benth. (Seepage 216.)
Juncus bufonius, Linn.
Eryth^a edulis, Watson.

MUHLENBERGIA DEBILIS, Tl'in.

4

228 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

*Polypogon Monspeliensis, Desf . Common about springs.

Avena fatua, Linn. Very little seen; apparently not es-
tablished.

Melica imperfecta, Trin. Only one tuft, in a place inac-
cessible to goats.

tSTENOCHLOE CALIFORNICA, Nutt.

Bromus maximus, Desf. Abundant; not even goats are
fond of it.

*Hordeum murinum, Linn. A grass which goats will prob-
ably not prevent from overspreading all fertile parts of the
island. Only a few tufts were seen, near the cabins on the
plateau; but the seed is there, and it will hardly fail to
become abundant.

Festuca microstachys, Nutt.
Polypodium Californicum, Kaulf.

fPoLYPODlUM Scouleri, Hook. Dr. Palmer's gathering of
it from "the trunk of a single oak" may have proved the
extermination of the species on this island.

IGymnogramme triangularis, Kaulf.
Nothol^ena Newbereyi, Eaton.

fPELL^A ORNITHOPUS, Hook.

fAspiDiUM munitdm, Kaulf.

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 229

NOTES ON MOUNT PITT.
By Arthur B. Emmons, Ph. D., LL. B.

Read July 6th, 18S5.

Scattered along the Cascade Range, from California through
Oregon and Washington Territory, are a number of extinct vol-
canoes, whose isolated snow-capped peaks tower high above the
rest of the range. They attain elevations from ten to fourteen
thousand feet and over; and in their simple grandeur add char-
acter to the country all about them. Several of these peaks, as
Mt. Hood, Mt. Shasta, and Mt. Rainier, are well known by name
far beyond the limits of the territory they overlook.

One of the southernmost of these volcanoes is Mt. Pitt, which
is situated in the southwestern part of Oregon, about fifty miles
northeast from Jacksonville, and directly west of Upper Klam-
ath Lake. Although one of the lowest of these extinct volcanoes,
it had never been ascended before the summer of 1875, except
by one or two parties of prospectors; and nothing was known of
it further than that it was an extinct volcano — which knowledge,
however, was the result of observation from a distance, and not
the fruit of the ascents just mentioned. Last summer* its height
was determined with a barometer, and its geology made the sub-
ject of several weeks special study — the results of which are
given in this paper.

The elevation of Mt. Pitt was found to be 9,663 feet above
Portland, Oregon, that is, 9,718 feet above the level of the sea.
A cistern barometer, one of Green's of New York, was used in
its determination. The height above Portland of our camp on
Four Mile Lake, which is on the summit of the Cascade Range,
northeast from Mt. Pitt, and just at its foot, was first determined
by a series of barometrical observations, extending over four or
five days, and referred to the synchronous observations made at
the office of the Signal Service, at Portland, as a base. The

♦With the exception of the microscopical determination of the rocks, this paper was
prepared and written in the winter of 1875-6, but owing to press of other matters has only
now been finished.

230 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

height of the summit of Mt. Pitt, above the camp, was then
determined by taking readings at those two points with the same
barometer, the readings on the summit being taken four hours
after those at the camp. The atmospheric pressure in that cli-
mate is so constant that much more accurate results are obtain-
able, notwithstanding the longitudinal distance apart of the two
stations, than would otherwise be the case. Referring the read-
ings taken on the summit of Mt. Pitt directly to the synchronous
readings taken at Portland, and calculating the elevation from
them, a result was obtained varying from the one given above
by only twenty-six feet, although the readings on the summit
were taken a fortnight after those from which the elevation of
the camp on Four Mile Lake was determined.

The outline of Mt. Pitt, as seen from almost all sides, is that
of a perfect cone, and with the exception, perhaps, of Mt. Hood,
as seen from one or two points, it is the most symmetrical of all
the extinct volcanoes of the Cascade Range. It rises up out of
the range, and the individuality of its lower portion is lost in
that of the range which runs to the north and the south of it,
except on the west flank, which reaches to the plain. Above
this point, locally known as Rancherie Prairie, it rises to a height
of about 6,835 feet. On the south it descends only to an eleva-
tion of 4,988 feet, in the neighborhood of a point known as Lost
Prairie; while on the north it surmounts the main range by only
3,857 feet. Four Mile Lake, which is on the summit of the
Cascades, and directly at its foot, having an elevation of 5,806
feet. The whole southern half of the mountain, from the sum-
mit downwards, extending around from the east to the west, is
a steep unbroken slope of debris and detritus, varying in size
from large boulders to fine sand, with here and there a protruding
mass of lava, the remains of some former current not yet fully
disintegrated. The slope is generally very steep, and in some
parts attains an angle of 35°.

On the northeast are the remains of a large crater which forms
a great basin-like depression on the side of the mountain.
Rather more than half of the wall, which includes the present
summit of Mt. Pitt itself, still remains. The edge of the wall
sweeps down from the summit in a beautiful curve almost a

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 231

semicircle, forming for some distance the outline of the mount-
ain on that side. The front wall, that is in looking towards the
mountain from the northeast, has entirely disappeared so that
one looks into the bottom of the crater. The northern limit of
the crater is marked by some immense perpendicular cliffs or
buttresses of rock which jut out in bold relief and form a char-
acteristic feature in the outline of Mt. Pitt as seen from the
east, and are also visible from the west to the north of the sum-
mit. The sides of the crater wall are nearly perpendicular, but
sloping sharply at the bottom, and are studded with jagged
masses of rock which protrude through the fine debris covering
the interior of the crater. It is along the edge of the wall on
the southerly side of this crater that the ascent of the mountain
is most easily made. The diameter of the crater must have been
about a half mile. On the northern side of the mountain sepa-
rated from the crater by the cliffs just referred to, from the foot
of which extends a long rocky ridge, are the remains of another
crater, larger than the first and not less than three-quarters of a
mile in diameter, of the wall of which nearly two-thirds of the
outline may still be traced. Its walls are also very steep and
entirely covered with debris. The curved outline of its wall
near the summit, as seen at Rancherie Prairie eight or ten miles
away, suggests its nature at once. Near the summit within this
crater are accumulated large masses of snow which remain
throughout the year, and which towards their upper part are
traversed by several large crevasses, but nowhere are there
signs of a true glacier such as have been found on most of the
higher volcanoes along this range thus far visited. It is only at
this point, excepting unimportant patches in secluded nooks,
that the snow remains during the whole year. In the summer
of 1875 even on the south side, and on the walls of the crater
first described, there were very considerable areas covered with
snow up to August, but it was very thin and by September had
all or nearly all disappeared. Between these two craters but
lower down on the mountain, can be distinguished the outline of
a third but very much smaller crater. Extending round from
the western wall of the second crater the side of the mountain is
covered by debris broken through at frequent intervals by the

232 • CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

sides of former lava currents, that is to say the slope has been
rendered uneven by these small flows, and as their surfaces dis-
integrated they also became covered with debris, while the sides
subjected not less perhaps to the wasting effects of decomposition
are the only portions where the massive rock is still visible as
the products of decomposition were unable to collect on their
surfaces. The slopes gradually become more even as they ex-
tend around to the western side of the mountain. Lower down
on the northerly and easterly sides of the mountain, among the
timber, the remains of larger flows are very frequent, sections as
it were of great lava currents, the upper and lower portions of
which have wholly disappeared. These are for the most part
but piles of bowlders, though in several instances the scoriaceous
surface of the bottom of the bed was still distinguishable.

On the west side of the mountain about two thousand feet be-
low the summit, is a black dome-shaped cone, very regular in
form and some two hundred feet in height. Its steep sides are
entirely composed of huge irregular shaped blocks of rock,
whose sides and edges are as fresh and sharp as though but
freshly hewn from a quarry. No finer material or sand is ob-
servable between these large blocks; there is no depression on
the top, nor any sign of any lava current having flowed from its
immediate neighborhood — in fact, none of the characteristics of
the parasitic cone, composed of scorias and tuff, and generally
marking the external source of a lava stream, which is so fre-
quently found studding the flanks and base of large volcanoes.
Twenty-five degrees further south and some three hundred feet
higher up on the side of the mountain, is another cone the exact
counterpart of the first in height, form and structure. These
cones stand to-day just as they were originally formed; there is
no sign of weathering of the rock or other change due to exter-
nal influences. A modern instance of the formation of a vol-
canic cone comjjosed of viscous lava, its surface, at the time of
its formation, consisting of loose blocks of rock, has been ob-
served and described in Mt. Giorgios at Santorin, by Messrs.
Reiss and Stiibel in their " G-eschichte und Beschreibung der
Vulkanischen Ausbriiche bei Santorin." This fragmentary
character of the rock is also noticeable on the summit of Mt.

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 233

Pitt, which is made up of huge blocks of rock, and nowhere
within thirty feet of the top can any rock be found in place.

There has been but one phase in the volcanic activity of Mt.
Pitt, and the rock composing it is all basalt, the only variation
in it being that the rock composing the summit and upper por-
tion of the mountain, the more recently formed rock, is more
porphyritic in character and shows much vesicular inflation,
while the rock forming the lower part of the mountain and the
older flows is compact and fine grained. The former, though
varying somewhat in color, has usually a dark bluish gray paste,
thickly dotted with minute white crystals of feldspar, and dis-
seminated through it larger ciwstals of pyroxene, with occasional
grains of olivine. Although a solid firm rock, the vesicular infla-
tion is very pronounced, and when, as is frequently the case,
the vesicles are lined with a deep red, brown, yellowish or
greenish colored substance, presumably iron in different stages
of oxidation. The contrast of this deep color with the dark
bluish grey of the paste and the white of the feldspar crystals,
gives the rock a remarkably rich and varied appearance. When
much weathered, the red color spreads itself throughout the
mass of the rock, and sometimes the vesicular inflation is almost
pumaceous in character. The older rocks are of a lighter gray
color, frequently of a reddish tinge, compact, fine grained, and
apparently solid, though close examination shows them to be of
much the same general character as the others, and the vesicular
inflation is not wanting, but is so fine as to be barely noticeable
with the naked eye. Under the microscope these rocks show a
microcrystalline ground-mass, filled with clear porphyritic crys-
tals of plagioclase feldspar, pale green and brownish colored
pyroxene, fresh and unchauged, and some roundish grains of
olivine, sometimes quite fresh, at others edged with the thick
dark border so characteristic of this mineral. In the more vesi-
cular specimens there is more ground-mass, composed of lathe-
shaped crystals of feldspar and some glass, sprinkled with
minute grains of magnetite, while in the finer grained specimens
the rock is more evenly crystallized, and the ground-mass is less
prominent. The feldspar is all plagioclase, no orthoclase hav-
ing been observed. The jsyroxene mineral in these rocks con-

234 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

sists of both hypersthene and augite, but the hypersthene rather
predominates. Its determination as such rests upon its pleochro-
ism and its orthorombic character, as shown by the extinction
of light parallel to its principal axis. This occurrence of hypers-
thene, as a rock constituent, adds another to the already wide-
spread range of this mineral, which has suddenly jumped into
prominent existence in such a remarkable manner, through the
brilliant discovery of Mr. Whitman Cross*, and the subsequent
investigations of Messrs. Haguef and Iddings.

Analysis No. 1, made by Mr. R. W. Woodward, then of Yale,
is of the younger and more vesicular rock, and Analysis No. II,
made in the Laboratory of Harvard College, is of the more
compact variety.

SiO., 55.89 5G.33

Al/5 3 2001 20 - 19

Fe 2 3 1.77 7.1G

FeO 4.72

MnO 06

CaO 8.12 8.74

MgO 4.57 2.53

Na 2 2.66 3.81

K 2 2.29 1.38

Ignition 19

"o'

100.28 100.14

The low percentage of silica, and the constant presence of
olivine, would seem to keep this rock within the line separating
basalt from hypersthene-augite-andesite.

* On Hypersthene Andesite; Ant. Journal of Science, February, 1883.

t Notes on the Volcanoes of California, Oregon, and Washington Territory; Am. Journal
of Science, Sept. 188?; and Notes on the Volcanic Rocks of the Great Basin; Am. Journal of
Science, June 18S4.

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE.-. 235

ON FOSSIL AND SUB-FOSSIL LAND SHELLS OF
THE UNITED STATES, WITH NOTES ON LIV-
ING SPECIES.

By J. G. Cooper, M. D.

1. EXTIXCT SPECIES

In a former article I attempted to trace back the origin of
our Land Shells to their fossil ancestry, showing that
they very probably descended from species known to be
eocene, in Nebraska; and quite possibly from still older
forms once existing in the northern part of this continent,
or of an older Arctic continent. Notes on the same subjects
are scattered in papers published by me in the Ann. N. Y.
Lye. N. H., VIII, 1861; Proc. Cal. Acad. Sc, III to VI,
1864 to 1875; Amer. Jour, of Conch., IV to VII; 1869 to
1871; Proc. Phil. Acad. N. Sc, 1872; and Proc. Amer.
Phil. Soc, XVIII, 1879.

In the Third Annual Eeport of the U. S. Geol. Survey for
1882, pp. 453, 475, Dr. C. A. White goes so far as to refer
fossil species from Nebraska and from the eocene of the
Eocky Mountains to the same divisions of the land shells as
now exist on the west slope, including ten divisions, besides
two Pupillse and a Succinea, as well as three Bulimoid species
of more southern forms, different from those mentioned by
me in the Am. Jour, of Conch., IV, 212, as occurring near
Carson Valley, Nevada.

Of the ten forms mentioned, only two are like those now
living near the Eocky Mountains, three or four extinct, and
the rest allied to species now found only west of the Sierra
or Cascade Eange. This confirms my previous theory that
the latter are descended from an original stock, living north
and east of California. It is also interesting to find that so
many marked divisions of the original stock existed as far

5— Issued October 13, 1885.

236 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

back as the "Laramie Group," on the upper borders of the
Cretaceous Era, probably older than the Californian Coal-
measures, including five forms, while only two species are
referred to the miocene epoch, and none of later date.

I now propose to consider what we know as to recent ex-
tinction of species, a subject as yet little investigated, but
of great interest in its relations to the geological history and
origin of species. Perhaps no class of animal remains is
better suited for illustrating the subject of specific descent
and transformation than the Land and Fresh-water Shells.
Much has already been done in Europe towards elucidating
their prehistoric changes, chiefly, perhaps, because there
are more extensive tertiary and later deposits containing
them, and more excavation of such beds has been made
than here.*

The onh r American observations on the subject, known to
me, are those of Prof. C. B. Adams and Thomas Bland on
species of the West Indies and Eastern America. (See
Binney's Bibliog. of N. A. Conchology for list of these
articles.)

It has been lately observed by Eastern American collec-
tors, that many species, once numerous in the older settled
districts, have become scarce, on account of the destruction
of the forests in which alone most of them can find shelter
and subsistence. Some authors have even predicted their
complete extermination as cultivation gradually extends
over the country. But there must always remain numerous
rocky and precipitous tracts, left to the natural tree-growth,
which will be safe refuge for land shells. The shores of
rivers, also, where trees are less cut away, and annual floods
bring down new specimens from their rugged mountain
sources, can never be entirely deprived of their indigenous
species. The vast numbers found imbedded in the banks
of some of the western rivers, and also lying on the surface,

* See Hyatt in Ingersoll's Report on Molluscs, U. S. G. and G. Survey of the Territories,
1876, p. 403.

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 23T

show the effect of rivers in past times in transporting and
preserving them.

It is noteworthy, also, that among all these, no extinct
species has yet been reported from the post-pliocene beds,
and those found living do not seem to have undergone any
changes to distinguish them from fossil forms. The links
connecting them with the extinct forms of the Tertiary
Age, are being discovered only on the west slope.

Of the changes in species effected by the new conditions
caused by cultivation, there is as yet nothing recorded. As
a very large proportion of the forest species of the Atlantic
border are also found far out in the prairies of the Missis-
sippi Valley, with little or no shelter by trees, it is probable
that the majority of them can become accustomed to cleared
fields so as to survive about their borders, even without
showing any changes that might be attributed to an accom-
modating natural selection. Yet it is very probable that
such variations will occur, and must be sharply looked for.

There is reason to believe that such changes in form, size,
and color have in recent times occurred in Europe from
such influences, and are even now producing many of the
so-called new species, sub-species, etc., constantly being
found, even in the older and best known regions. Varieties
have also attracted attention in the Eastern States, but have
been little studied, and are all supposed to be produced by
natural, not artificial influences, nor have they been regard-
ed as distinct species.

A highly interesting and almost endless field for investi-
gation and experiment in this direction is open before us.
A branch of the subject relates also to the effects of our cli-
mate, etc., on introduced species, some of which have been
long acclimated without changing. The negative influence
of cultivation is also shown by the statement of Woodward's
Manual, that only three living European species have been
found to be extinct in England, and it is not supposed that
they were exterminated by cultivation. On the other hand,

238 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

several are believed to have been added to the fauna by
recent importation (mostly accidental), as they are not found
fossil there.

2. PACIFIC SLOPE VARIATIONS.

Having thus found that little if any post-tertiary changes
have occurred in the species of the Atlantic slope, it seems
astonishing to discover that there have been quite striking
changes in those of the Pacific slope, even in recent times,
and presumably ever since the tertiary epochs. These
changes are shown by the differences in fossil specimens
from the living forms, but have not been marked enough to
cause, so far, their separation as distinct species, chiefly
because intermediate forms exist. At the same time it
must be remembered that the extremes of variation are bo
great on this coast that many were at first described as dis-
tinct species which have since been connected by interme-
diate links. Here we have the examples wanted by disbe-
lievers in the origin of species by natural selection, who
claim that no transformations can be proved by fossil spec-
imens. There is probably no class of fossils so well suited
to demonstrate this law, or, if untenable, to disprove it.

The most marked instances are found on the islands of
Southern California, where several species have swarmed so
profusely, but indications of similar changes are seen on the
main land in favorable spots, and even in the far interior
mountain regions of Utah, etc., where Mr. H. Hemphill found
such strange series of forms. The fossils of those regions seem
also to agree with the law of development by gradual
changes. In these instances we have a parallel to similar
ones known to have occurred on the islands and some parts
of the mainland of Western Europe and Africa, of which
we perhaps see the continuation still' progressing, in recent
changes caused by cultivation or geological oscillations of
the land known to be in progress. The effect of these os-
cillations is, of course, exerted through changes produced
in the climate, chiefly in amounts of heat and moisture.
(See Dana's Manual of Geology, Ed. 1874, p. 586-7.)

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 239

Iii searching for a common cause of variations affecting
the west slopes of both continents similarly, we arrive at the
conclusion that it is change of climate, produced b}* tertiary
and recent geological action, and are obliged to admit that
such action is still going on.

That the Atlantic slope of the United States has not un-
dergone such changes recently, enough to influence the land
shells, is also a rational conclusion, although facts point to
the probable increase in number of forms by variation as
still going on there, since many living species are not known
from the post-pliocene strata.

Prof. J. D. Whitney, in his late elaborate work on changes
of climate in the succession of tertiary epochs, has endeav-
ored to prove that the decreasing heat of the sun has been
the chief cause of a gradually colder and drier climate, both
in Europe and America. It seems however that the effects
of such a decrease would have affected both sides of this
continent more equally. The colder and drier climate of
the western slope may be sufficiently explained without such
a cause, by the gradual elevation higher and higher of the
interior mountains and plateaux, as well as oscillations both
up and down of the coast, not only within our borders, but
in the arctic and tropical zones.

The influence of the vast volcanic eruptions at the end of
the pliocene epoch all through the western half of the con-
tinent, both on climate and organic life, must have been
immense. An idea of their action may be obtained from
the ingenious article by J. E. Clayton, M. E., in our Pro-
ceedings, Vol. VI, p. 123.

The eastern slope, on the contrary, shows evidences of
changing from a colder climate to a warmer during the
quaternary epoch, the glacial drift southward, which pre-
ceded the recent period, having there followed after the
tropical climate of the pliocene, when the gigantic extinct
Edentata, etc., existed. It is not intended, however, to
discuss this subject here, except as relates to mollusca.

240 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

While the drift mentioned may have destroyed previously
•existing land shells in the Atlantic States, as it brought the
marine arctic mollusk-fauna as far as the St. Lawrence ba-
sin at least, and may have helped to make the vast collec-
tion of land shells in the loess of the Mississippi valley, it
did not exterminate any spacies as far as known, and there
must have been a great extension of the range of many of
them toward the north since then.

On the west slope no such general influence seems to have
existed, although Prof. Whitney has shown that the glaciers
of the Sierras once had a vastly greater extension downward
than now, which he attributes to greater precipitation of
moisture, accompanied by greater heat. It seems, however,
unlikely that such was the case, but rather that the glaciers
co-existed with the eastern drift, a heated epoch being follow-
ed by one of increased cold throughout the North Atlantic
slopes of both continents, and in some degree increasing the
glacial deposits of the western mountains. This glaciation
seems to have caused the final extinction or modification of
the pliocene creation in the temperate zone.

The fossil tertiary flora of California, plainly showing a
sub-tropical and moist climate, is not contemporaneous with
the glacial moraines, but seems to have preceded them.
Whether the glacial epoch was an effect of temporary cold-
ness of the sun's rays is not material to this question, but
the fact is evident that the ice has since then decreased all
over the continent, and we may conclude that w r armth has
increased again. The pre-glacial hot climate was probably
connected with a less elevation, much of the sea borders
being submerged, the interior valley of California a sea, and
the Great Basin of Utah and Nevada a chain of lakes. As
marine pliocene shell beds were raised several hundred feet
at the end of that epoch, the Sierras probably rose also.

Unfortunately the land shells of the tertiary strata of Cal-
ifornia are rare and have not been much investigated, but from
the fact that the trees show a gradual succession of changes>

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 241

going back perhaps to the eocene epoch, we may expect the
land shells will show something similar. The fresh water
fossils, as far as known from the eocene lignitic (cretaceous
No. 2 of Gabb), and liter strata, probably both miocene and
pliocene, consist of spacies mostly quite distinct from the
living, though the later beds show a mixture and a few
(supposed quaternary) are chiefly identical with recent
forms, as would be expected. This fresh water lignitic de-
posit was in part again submerged and covered by marine
tertiary beds of great depth. No locality has yet been found
in which a series can be determined to extend through two
or more epochs, though there can be little doubt that such
beds exist on the borders of the vast interior basin forming
now the central valley of California. It would be supposed
that the extensive pliocene lignite beds near Lincoln and
lone, ought to furnish such specimens, but having examined
the latter carefully, I could find no trace of shells, and sup-
posed that this absence was on account of the salt or brack-
ish nature of the water in which they were formed, which
would be more marked at Lincoln, nearer the centre of the
valley. The lone lignite beds have been elevated at least
300 feet since their deposition. Pliocene beds containing
extinct fresh water shells exist in Bear Eiver Valley, over
3,000 feet higher on the mountains, and they doubtless
occur in the beds containing the leaf prints, where also land
shells should be found, although not yet reported.

As to the very fresh looking specimen found imbedded
under the zygomatic arch of the celebrated "Pliocene" skull
of Calaveras County, Prof. Whitney now admits the shell to
be more recent, but thinks that the fragment of skull had
been washed from its original burial place in a pliocene
stratum, into the place where it was found, and there the
living snail crawled into the opening, where it died and was
cemented there by the tufaceous deposif going on. Even
this admitted "change of base" is damaging to the deter-
mination of the pliocene age of the skull, though I am not

242 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

prepared to dispute that, bat believe that further develop-
ments are needed to decide it. It is evident that the terti-
ary and quaternary fossil bones have been all mixed up by
volcanic and glacial action. There is, however, no doubt
that this skull and others described from the Sierras, prove
man's existence in the early quaternary, or about the end
of the pliocene epoch.

Supposing the specimen of Helix Mormonum found with
it to be of the quaternary, its close resemblance to the liv-
ing form now existing in the vicinity, indicates to some ex-
tent a climate nearly like the present. The extinct tertiary
vegetation of the Sierras, was doubtless accompanied by
land shells as different from those now living there, as the
greater part of the trees differed, find like them may have
more resembled those of the present group found around
the Gulf of Mexico. Their probable characters may be in-
ferred from those of the fossil land shells of the Rocky
Mountain tertiary described by Dr. White and others.

Besides this, the only fossil Helix yet seen from the
Sierras, is the one before mentioned as having been named
"H. Carpenteri" when first found, but very different from
the type, and indeed more like a variety of H. tudiculata. It
is, however, distinct enough to indicate great antiquity, and
will probably rank as an extinct species when more spec-
imens can be obtained. Having the elevated imperforate
form of the species now living close to the sea shore, I have
already mentioned it as probably having lived on the east-
ern shore of the pliocene inland sea once filling Tulare
Valley, near where it was discovered in the tertiary (or
later) formation by Mr. Gabb. When that sea or lake ex-
isted, the Sierras really formed the shores of the continent,
and such parts of the Coast Ranges as were above water
must have been peninsulas or islands many miles distant.

In the Coast Ranges there have been no fossil land shells
found that can be distinguished as species from those living
near them, which, however, is only negative testimony to-

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 243

ward proving a very recent origin for these species. A
deposit of lignite containing numerous extinct forms of
fresh-water shells is found at various localities, and shows
that conditions suitable for land shells existed at the same
time. The southern islands, with their extinct forms of
quaternary age, have been before mentioned. I have, how-
ever, obtained a few found along the middle of the coast,
which differed in smaller size and fewer whorls from the
living, indicating a colder climate; also a subfossil Leuco-
chila from near San Francisco.

3. HISTORIC CHANGES.

It is necessary to give some observations on the histo-
rical changes that have occurred in the last three hundred
years as affecting the land shells, and to forecast from them
the probabilities of increase or decrease in numbers, adding
an account of some species supposed to be very recently
extinct, and new facts respecting others.

The long and extreme dry season of California has always,
no doubt, been effective in limiting the extension of range
of the land shells, though the existence of identical or only
slightly varied species over distances of three hundred to
six hundred miles north and south, indicates that they must
have spread during the existence of a warmer and moister
climate in the earlier quaternary. In the Sierra Nevada,
the variations found to exist in species are more the effect
of altitude than latitude, two species at least being almost
identical from Shasta to San Diego. In the Coast ranges
proper, however, local variations constituting subspecies
are numerous, and many of them separated in range by wide
intervals, in which few or none exist. These gaps are evi-
dences of either periodical severe droughts, or increased
dryness of climate, occurring since that stage of the qua-
ternary when the interior valleys had become mostly dry
land by filling in from the mountains, and the great bodies
of heated water before existing gradually ceased to furnish a

244 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

large part of the vapors to form rain and to preserve a moist
air. The dryness of the climate along both sides of the
Gulf of California would seem to contradict this, but there
is a different cause for it of a cosmical kind. The islands of
our southern coast are analogous. No human remains have
been found in the coast ranges older than the Recent Period,
and very near the surface, indicating that the men of the
Sierra may not have reached them. It is interesting to know
also that the gigantic extinct Bison latifrons and fossil ele-
phant, if not other land animals, had reached the coast
range in the quaternary epoch.

Even at the time of the Spanish discoveries we know that
trees were much more numerous in Southern California than
since, the early voyagers mentioning large and extensive
forests on the mainland and the islands, which have mostly
vanished. The introduction of immense herds of cattle,
which browsed and trampled down the young trees, was
added to destruction by fire, with the mistaken object of im-
proving the pasture and giving a clear view in herding cattle.

It is an old proverb, that " a Spaniard hates a tree," de-
rived from their destructiveness in Spaiu, where pastoral
pursuits have always been fostered, and increased, perhaps,
by the Moorish invasion from African deserts. "We have
the historical account of the island of Madeira, when dis-
covered, being densely wooded with large and valuable
trees, which the Spanish sailors burned off completely, to
destroy the supposed venomous reptiles and beasts of prey,
which had no existence there. The same process was, no
doubt, applied to our islands and mainland by the coloniz-
ing soldiers and priests, zealous to destroy the supposed
*' creatures of the Evil one."

This may account in part for the changes in form and size
of the land shells of the islands, and extermination of a few.
It undoubtedly destroyed many of the species of Madeira
and other islands; perhaps, also, of Southern Europe.
"There can be no doubt that the number of specimens, if not

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 245

of species, on the mainland of California, were much de-
creased both by fires and herds of cattle, which were never
numerous on the four southern islands. The largest islands,
nearest land were, and still are, well stocked with cattle, and
shells are scarce on them. To the cattle must also be attrib-
uted the rarity of fossil specimens near the surface of the
mainland, while they abound on some of the islands. Such
as are found deeper, or in sheltered spots, are like the liv-
ing, but somewhat different living forms characterize
the mountains and the valleys. Some colonies in the low-
lands of Ventura and more northern counties, have escaped
destruction apparently by concealment under fallen trees in
the dry season, when the cattle sought wet pastures, and in
the wet season are little exposed to their trampling. Fur-
ther south they are found only where protected by rocks and
bushes on the sides of canons or mountains. Where stock-
raising has given place to agriculture, and fields are fenced,
they have become more numerous within thirty years.

Looking at the whole subject of changes in the fossil and
recent land-shells, we find much to confirm Darwin's theo-
ries of the Origin of Species by the law of variation, nat-
ural selection, ami survival of the fittest.

In an article on the "Distribution and Localities of West
Coast Helicoid land-shells,"* I stated that the interior valley
of California was destitute of them, on account of dryness.
This is true except of some very limited localities along the
central rivers and larger branches draining them, where
some of the species washed down from the mountains have
obtained a foothold on the edges of the great marshes which
compose so much of the low lands. It is apparent from the
rarity of these colonies, that they do not increase, but soon
die out, from want of some essential- element or food. No
species have, however, yet been found to have crossed from
one side of the valley to the other, or to have been washed
down far enough from the Sierra Nevada to have become

*Amer. Jour, of Couch., IV, 211, 1869, and V, 207, 70.

246 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

established where the rivers cut through the coast range. I
have however thought it probable that the coast range may
have been colonized from the Sierra when the interior basin
was a lake. Two of the largest Sierra species, H. tudiculata
and H. Traskii, can be traced down to the coast southward
of lat. 35°, where the coast ranges are extensive and cut by
small rivers, while the latter, under the variety Diabloensis,
extends from there north almost the entire length of the
eastern slope of the coast mountains. Dr. Newcomb has
suspected that Mr. Thomson had some of the large var.
of H. Mormonum, found in the interior marshes, to confound
with the African Zonites, described by him as H. cultellata.

But the fact of such marked variations from the Sierra
forms as occur in this and still more in others of the coast
range, proves at least a very ancient separation from the
same stock, if not a divergence of both from a common an-
cestry in the somewhat similar Oregon species.

As bearing on this we also note that four large species
of the Rocky Mountains are scarcely distinguishable from
their representatives living in the Cascade Mountains of
Oregon, and show evidences of having been washed down
by branches of the Columbia River. A single colony of
Patula solitaria has been established on Government Island
in the Columbia Kiver, west of the Cascade Mountains, and
been found nowhere else on that slope. The interval be-
tween the mountain ranges above mentioned, in which no
species occur is about equal to the California valley, but
has no marshes in which they can find a home on the way.
In the California coast ranges, however, running north and
south, there are often two and sometimes three parallel se-
ries of forms, separable as species or sub-species.

I have before attempted to show that a gradual succession
of species forming a chain, in which one form is observed to
pass into the next southward, either suddenly or by inter-
mediate links, can be traced from Oregon to ^Mexico, along
both ranges of Calif ornian mountains, but the connecting

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 247

links between those of the two ranges are still wanting
where the wide valley separates them, and not likely to be
found. At the same time we observe that the small Triod-
opsis loricata is found on both California ranges of mountains
identical in form, but in the Sierras from 2,000 to 4,000
feet altitude, on the coast only below 1,000 feet. I have
also been informed lately that the Oregonian Aplodon Colum-
bianus and "Mtcrocyclis'" Vancouverensis have been found at
the Big Trees of Calaveras County, 4,700 feet altitude, the
first time in the Sierras, if really of these species. At its
southern end only, we find H. Trasldi passing around
the low mountain range there existing and dividing into two
varieties — Diabloensis for the coast range, and Carpenteri
in the Sierras — which, however, only extends north to lati-
tude 38 ; , where it is much dwarfed. Thence north it is re-
placed by H. Mormonum, a form closely connected with H.
fidells, the Oregon type of the banded group,

In 1854, I noticed large numbers of E Townsend'wna in-
habiting the deserted Indian village sites near the coast,
and quite common even where those rich deposits of shells
and other refuse are cultivated. In California, it is not un-
common to find 11. Californiensis in fields near thickets,
among cabbages, potatoes, and other vegetables, also in
young orchards with very little shade, so that as planted
trees increase in size and numbers, their needed shelter will
become abundant. The neighborhood of city reservoirs,
parks and cemeteries are also favorable places, where I have
found fine ones for over twenty years past.

In the middle and northern counties of California, the
effects of the Spanish burnings and cattle grazing is less
marked, though the Americans have destroyed vast tracts of
sheltering forests, and thus exterminated them in some
places, while they are favored in other places by new plan-
tations, and by more care to prevent fires. The diffusion of
the eggs and young of most of them is also promoted, no
doubt bv their adhesion to the feet of birds, which scratch

248 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

among the damp leaves of dark forests, and then carry them
to new localities perhaps very far distant. I thus account
for the new appearance of species in spots that have been
before searched for years. Thus after eight years residence
at Hay wards, California, I found in 1883, one lone specimen
(living) of Hyalina arborea, never before found in the
county, just as I found a few dead specimens of this species
(var. Breweri) in San Francisco County, in 1869, its only
occurrence there.

I have also found dead specimens of H. minuscula near
Haywards, in a spot where the native trees had been closely
cut and burned off, but nowhere else, though it has been
found in other parts of California. It may again appear
suddenly, like arborea, in a favorable place. Indeed, as is
well known, these Helicellidce are much less limited in range
than large forms, being easier diffused by birds, and requir-
ing less shelter and lime. In 1862 I found one H. limutala
near San Mateo. It is, therefore, not safe to assume that a
small species is extinct until much more search is made. It.
may reappear where least expected, like the Helicina, so
long believed extinct in the East, and may spread very rap-
idly by the aid of birds, in spite of its " snail's pace."

4. SUB-FOSSIL SPECIES.

The extinction of the large land animals, probably by
cold, was as complete in the coast ranges as in the Sierras,
and the glacial influence may also have affected the mol-
lusca.

There are, indeed, a few species which have so far been
found only dead and bleached, all of which are peculiar
from being of the discoid form that may be considered the
simplest style of "Helix" (literally meaning a coil). One I
found on an island off the California coast, and is possibly
living in Mexico, but is undescribed. The second was
"found by Mr. H. Moores in the foothills of the west slope
of the Nevada Mts., about 5 miles south of Coloma, and \

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 249'

mile south of Weber creek (Cold Springs), under an old log,
between Coloma and Placerville, in 1849-50." This is Mr.
Moores' own account, but the specimen being inseparable
from Ophiogyra helig mo idea of tropical America, it is generally
considered an error caused by the misplacement of labels.
There is a bare possibility that such stragglers or their eggs
may have been introduced by birds or travelers accidentally,
and lived a short time here, but they cannot be considered
as native species.*

In support of Mr. Moores' case, however, there is another
specimen much like his, but bleached and without teeth,
sent to Mr. H. P. Carlton as "found under a log in Cala-
veras Co." I may add that I have collected within ten miles
both north and south of these localities, without finding
any specimens resembling the above.

The fourth species (or specimens) of discoid sub-fossils
have been in my hands since 1871, when Mr. C. D. Voy
brought them to me as discovered by him "in an Indian
mound north of S. F. Bay." They are of the size and nearly
the form of Helicodiscus lineatus (a species said to occur in
California), but without a trace of teeth or sculpture. I
considered them, however, imperfect specimens of that form
until 1883, when W. O. Emerson found a few of the same
much larger but more fossilized, near Haywards, on a slid-
ing bank, where they seemed to have come from under the
roots of a large tree that had been undermined. These also
are toothless, and some of both sent to Mr. Bland and Mr.
Binney, have been decided to be of a new species if not new
genus. As with the specimens of Hyalina, mentioned be-
fore, these were where they could not have been washed
down by the mountain streams.

Without living specimens it will be inadvisable to describe
these, especially as their being found first in an Indian
mound is some indication that they may increase instead of

~See Amer. Jour. Couch., V, 196 to 219; 1870.

250 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

decrease with settlement of the country. The chances, how-
ever," seem in favor of their being either cave-dwellers or
more northern species, introduced where found by birds,
but not able to increase there.

5. LIVING SPECIES.

While on the subject of introduced species, 1 may remark
that the Lim'ax (Amalia) Hewstonl is undoubtedly increasing
about gardens, where it is sometimes quite destructive. In
1879, Dr. Anderson sent me some from Santa Cruz, where I
saw none in 1865. They are also strictly limited to gardens
and never found along creeks where several other slugs are
common, and widely spread by freshets. It is still unde-
cided whether this is the L. Sanclwichensis of the islands.
Since I described it and Alexia setifer (= myosotis var.) in
1872, the Mya arenaria, first seen in 1874, has become very
abundant in San Francisco Bay, from introduction with
Eastern oysters, showing how some mollusca may be colo-
nized, and it is possible that the Alexia came the same way.
It is now abundant on salt marshes near Haywards, where it
could not have existed in 1870, when Dr. Yates found all the
other marsh shells there. Hemphill also found it in Hum-
boldt Bay in 1876. The progress of our local knowledge of
the land shells is shown by the additions to the table I pub-
lished in 1870 of those found around San Francisco Bay. I
then gave 27 species and sub-species, of which 19 were
found on west side, and 11 on the east. They now number
22 on west side, and 21 on east side, including 7 without
shells since added, and reducing the number of sub-species
by omitting 6.

Previous to 1869, it was supposed that none of the large
species of land shells existed above the limestone formation,
which was then limited to about 4,000 feet elevation on the
west slope of the Sierras. Although scarce and stunted at
higher points, they have since been found as far up as the
tertiary detritus is extensive, which seems to coincide

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 251

with the lower limit of glacial action on the high Sierras.
It seems probable that nearly all these lofty summits were
once covered by stratified rocks, which still remain in spots
as metamorphosed slates, as high as 13,400 feet. But the
more soluble limestone which still covers lofty ranges in
Nevada, and still exists above 5,000 feet in northern Cali-
fornia, seems to have been entirely denuded from the high-
est ranges during their upheaval, and since then, by the
erosive action of ice and water. This erosion has formed a
belt of tertiary detritus up to an elevation of about 6,000
feet near Kern River, and northward to 1,700 feet in
Bear Valley near Emigrant Gap. Here it contains fossil
tertiary shells of extinct species, relics of a pliocene lake.
The Big Tree Groves are along the upper edge of this alluv-
ial detritus, which like other fresh water formations proba-
bly contains much lime, and even limestone beds, at a depth,
not yet ascertained. So far, only the Big Tree Groves of
Mariposa County, at about 5,500 feet, and those of Tuo-
lumne and Calaveras about 4,750 feet, have furnished spec-
imens of the land shells common in those counties, while at
Bear Valley another species occurs. This formation consists
in part of volcanic materials, especially toward the north,
and the more or less recent epoch in which these have been
thrown out in various localities, no doubt has much to do
with the occurrence of animal and vegetable life. That such
rocks and soils, are suited for the growth of land shells if
there is enough moisture is shown by the Oregon fauna and
that of some islands on the Coast.

I have also this year found H. Mormonum very stunted at
Alta, in Placer County, 3,600 feet altitude. There is also
evidence that the lower limestone stratum is exposed at
about 5,000 feet, near Emigrant Gap.

Although no species have been reported from the interval

of one hundred miles between Yuba River and Bass ranch,

yet as most of the same species are found both north and

south of this lava-covered section, and as limestone exists

6

252 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OP SCIENCES.

abundantly in the beds of the ravines beneath the volcanic
covering, from four thousand feet elevation down, in Plumas
County, also in Butte County in the foothills, it is most
probable that the shells exist there, though scarce or over-
looked. Calcareous tufa is also common in many places
where the limestone is not exposed, and quite as favorable
for land shells. These and other developments tend to show-
that the whole auriferous region is underlaid b}^ one if not
two strata of limestone, the lower one carboniferous, the
upper one, perhaps, Jurassic, cropping out on the east and
west edges.

It is possible that the land shells, known by the Calaveras
skull specimen to have existed before the end of the vol-
canic overflow, may have been quite exterminated where
that covers most of the surface, and have not yet recolonized
the region, that formation being poorly suited for their pro-
duction. Several extra-limited forms have also been added
to the regions northward of California, as recorded by W.
G. Binney, in his " Supplements to Terr. Moll, of U. S.

'7

LlMAX OCCIDENTALIS, J. G. C.

On a recent visit to Tehachipi Pass in May, 1885, I
searched carefully for land shells from 4,000 feet elevation,
down to about 600 on west slope, but found no traces of any
below the springy tract near summit, where this species
lives.

Succinea Stketchiana, Bland.

The only shell-covered terrestrial species seen in Tehachipi
Pass, along the upper part of that creek, in which also live
Limnophysa humilis Lea, Physa Blandii Lea, and Pisidium
occidentale Newe. There being plenty of limestone and
moisture there, it is strange that the large Helicoids, found
both north and south at the same elevations, do not occur.

Others beyond our boundary are kindly reported to me by
Mr. F. E. Latchford, of Ottawa, Canada, as follows: "The

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 253

Rev. G. W. Taylor, of Victoria, B. C, lias sent ine H. fidelis,
H. germana, P. striatella, M. Vancouver ensis, 31. Voyana,
H. arborea, and C. fulvus, found in that vicinity."

There is also a Hyalina near H. viridula (31ke.) or new.
H. indentata (Say.), or H. subrupicola, Dall, is also to be
expected from near latitude 49°, as a circumpolar or boreal
American form.

Ariolimax Californicus, J. G. C.

This great slug, apparently identical with the coast spe-
cies, is common up to Alta, Placer County, at 3,700 feet.
From its yellow color and auriferous home, it is called
"Golden Slug." The abundance of some kinds of land
molluscs has attracted the attention of the miners at one
locality, called " Sing Canon," in Plumas County. There
is also a ' ' Snail Canon " about five miles south of Alta, be-
yond the American River. From the description of the rocks
of this place, I suspect the snails are not the shell-bearing
kinds, but also "Slugs," which are much more noticeable
by miners from frequenting springy ravines where cool and
shady in the day-time, while the shelled kinds rarely occur
in large numbers together except in limestone caves or
ledges, which do not exist there.

The former $50 coins of California were called "slugs,"
that is, lumps of gold.

Patula Mazatlanica, Pfeiffer.

This Mexican species must be omitted from the Californian
list, as the specimens so identified by Vlr. Rowell and my-
self on being compared with types by Mr. Binney prove to
be a stunted variety of Hyalina conspecta, Bland.

I here add some notes on a "Supplement to the Fifth Vol-
ume of Terr. Mollusks, etc." By W. G. Binney. July, 1883.
In Bull. Mils. Comp. Zool., XI, 8, 135, Harvard Coll., Cam-
bridge, Mass.

254 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Iii this supplement, Mr. Binney has adopted some of the
corrections that I suggested in a review of Vol. V, Terr.
Moll., published in Proc. Am. Phil. Soc, XVIII, 1879, but
ignores others altogether, possibly because they were not
confirmed by specimens at the date of his writing.

As to distribution, there must be added to species of the
Sierra Nevada Macrocyclis sp. (fiportello ?), Mesodon (Colum-
bianus?), Arionta Traskii tar. (mentioned as Franhi on p.
158, a thin dwarfed form found in Mariposa County, at
5,000 to 6,000 feet altitude, and described in Amer. Jour.
Conch., V, 205), and Limn r campestris occidentalis. Mr.
Binney quotes "Zonites conspectus, Merced County, Cal.,"
which makes it also a Sierra species (p. 142).

"Macrocyelis Remphilli" p. 137. From the figure and
description this seems to approach the Alaska form which I
have mentioned as perhaps "Helix Belcheri,^ Pfeiff., and
which is quite as distinct as the several U. S. species.

"Zonites indentahts," Tp. 139. Dall's species, Hyalina sub-
rupicola, would appear quite as well entitled to separation as
the above, or many others, and is at least an addition to the
West Slope fauna.

"Z. chersinellus, Dall." This looks quite as much like
indentatus as the last, but requires further study.

"Limaz Heiustoni," p. 146. From my own careful exam-
ination of localities north of San Francisco Bay, and south
of Santa Cruz down to San Diego, since I described this
species, I am satisfied that Hemphill's specimens were
chiefly L. campestris occidentalis, except perhaps at Los An-
geles, where it was probably introduced with plants.

"Onchidella Garpenteri," p. 148. The figure of a dry spec-
imen cannot be distinguished from a dried Doris and a dis-
section is necessary in doubtful cases, such as absence of a
jaw indicates.

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 255

"Arionta" p. 157. Here Mr. Binney, himself, states that
"Townsendiana has quite different genitalia from Arionta,"
which with its shell indicates its more correct reference to
Mesodon.

He also says that the genitalia of H. Mormonum differ es-
sentially "being more nearly allied to that of Aglaia fidelis
and infumataj" So if the latter are not Arioutae, neither is
Mormonum, or Hillebrandi, which is as much a variety of it
as the circumcincta Stearns (p. 158). But Aglaia will have
to be dropped as the generic name, being twice pre-occupied.

The figures B, C and G, on Plate IV, represent some of
the intermediate forms connecting jidelis with in/umaia and
with Mormonum.

256 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

FUNGI OF THE PACIFIC COAST.

IV.

BY H. W. HARKNESS.

Hydnum Steyensonii, B. & Br. — On Umbellularia Ccdi-
fornica, San Bafael, April. 1073.

Hydnum scrobiculatum, Fr. — On decaying wood, Bine
Canon, October. 1170.

Hydnum laeticolor, B. & C. — On Quercus, Palo Alto,
April. 1334.

Hydnum ciliolatum, B. & C. — On Alnus rubra, Healds-
burg, April. 1566.

Stereum inconcinnum, B. & C. — On Alnus rubra, Healds-
burg, April. 1545.

Stereum muscigenum, B. & B. — On Bobinia pseudacacia,
Sacramento, December. 1060.

Stereum ochraceo-flayum, Schw. — On Quercus agrifolia,
San Francisco, April. • 1342.

Stereum rugosum, Fr. — On Quercus agrifolia, San Fran-
cisco, April. 1344.

Stereum versicolor, Fr. — On decorticated Quercus, Bed-
ding, April. 1335.

Corticium epiphyllum, Pers. — On Eucalyptus leaves, San
Francisco, April. 1285.

Kadulum orbiculare, Fr. — On Alnus rubra, Healdsbnrg,
April. 1567.

Irpex obliquus, Fr. — On Quercus agrifolia, San Francisco,
April. 1343.

Naematelia nucleata, Fr. — On Alnus rubra, Healdsbui
April. 1568

Issued November 19, 1885.

mi

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 257

Cyphella Ravenelii, B. & C. — On Arbutus Menziesii,
Tamalpais, March. 2255.

Mycenastrum corium, Desv. Gregarious depressed-glob-
ose, at first white, becoming brownish, 1 — 1 inches in
diameter. Collected in Solano County, June, 1885, by
Alpheus Bull, Jr. Found also at Reno, Nev. 4000.

Spores and flocci agree exactly with published description
and figures of this species.

POLYSACCUM CRASSIPES, DC.

This species was collected during the past year on Mt.
Diablo and on Grizzly Peak, near Berkeley, by Charles D.
Haines and Walter Eastman. The specimens are irregu-
larly clavate, one of them deeply 3-cleft from the top
downward and all are A T ariously contorted and twisted, dark
brown in color, with a bluish metallic bloom. The largest
is seven inches in height and fourteen in its largest circum-
ference. 4040.

Secotium nubigenum. Stipe white, becoming yellowish,
very short: pileus yellowish, smooth, irregularly depressed-
globose, an inch or more in diameter, often nearly sessile,
collapsing more or less in drying: hymenium yellowish-
brown; spores yellowish-brown, oval, smooth and shining.
6x8//. 3300.

Growing on logs of Pinus contorta, Sierra Nevada, 7,000
feet. The mode of dehiscence is yet unknown, although it
has been several times collected, and in considerable quan-
tity, it is alwaj^s found with cortex entire.

Tulostoma obesum, C. & E. On Rattlesnake Island,
Pyramid Lake, Nev., Aug. 3875.

Much larger and stouter than the specimens originally
described, 3 — 5 inches in height: base of the stipe fringed
with the remains of the volva: mouth minute, enlarging
irregularly.

258 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Octaviania compacta, Tul.— Tamalpais and Blue Canon,
under leaves, May— July. 3948, 4054.

Octaviania Stephensii, B. — Tamalpais and Alta, May —
July. 3735, 4053.

Far. nuda. — Surface rimose, entirely without peridium or
cortex, otherwise exactly the same. Tamalpais, May. 3949.

Hymenogaster citrinus, Vitt. — Tamalpais, March. 3663.

Hymenogaster tener, Berk. — Tamalpais, May. 3935.

Khizopogon provincialis, Tul. — Alta, July. 4045, 4047.

Rhizopogon rubescens, Tul. — Anderson's Springs, Lake
County, collected by the Misses Anderson, Tamalpais and
Donner, 7,000 ft., Dec— July. 3648, 3665, 3872, 4044.

Hysterangium Thwaitesii, Berk. — Tamalpais, August.

3736.

Hysterangium stoloniferum, Tul. — Tamalpais, March —
May. 3662, 3893, 3931.

Melanogaster ambiguus, Tul. — Santa Cruz, April. 3674.

Melanogaster varigatus, Tul. — Sausalito, February. 3624.

Libertella ros^, Desro. — On Bubus ursinus, San Fran-
cisco, April. 1261.

Ceuthospora foliicola, Lib. — On Rhamnus crocea, Umbel-
hdaria Californica, and Garrya elliptica, Tamalpais, March
—April. 1209, 1392, 1483.

Cicinnobolus Cesatii, De Bary. — On Euonymus Japonicus,
San Francisco, May. 2297.

Cytispora pinastri, Fr. — On Sequoia sempervirens, Tamal-
pais, April. 1351.

Coxiothyrium acuum, C. & Ell. — On leaves of Pinus insig-
7iis, Woodland, May. 1591.

Coniothyrium herbarum, 0. & E. — On stems of Scroph-
vlaria Californica, San Francisco, April. 1325.

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 259

Coniothyrium lineare, Thiini.- — On leaves of Gynerium
argenteum, San Francisco. March. 2212.

Coniothyrium scrophularle, Sacc. — On stems of Scroph-
ularia Californica, San Francisco, April. 2-463.

Leptostroma vulgare, Fr. — On stems of Thalictrum poly-
carpum, Tamalpais, April. 1365.

Leptostroma litigiosum, Cke. — On Pterin aquilina, Sau-
salito, April. 1291.

Phoma asteriscus, Berk. — On Sambucus glauca, Sacra-
mento, March. 1202.

P. communis, D.— On Bhamnus Californica, San Francisco,
April. 1425.

P. glandicola, Lev. — On oak galls, Tamalpais, April.

1403.

P. heder.e, Curt. — On stems of Hedera helix, San Fran-
cisco, April. 1300.

P. herbarum, P. — On stems of Eriogonum latifolium. San
Francisco, April. 1278.

P. Lebiseyi, Sacc. — On Negundo Californica, Healdsburg,
April. 1484.

P. lignicola, Rab. — On decorticated Acacia, San Fran-
cisco, April. 1453.

P. nebulosa, Mont.— On Thalictrum polycarpum, Tamal-
pais, April. 1365.

P. sambuctna, Cke. — On Sambucus glauca, Sacramento,
April. 1234.

P. sarothamni, Cke. — On Spartium, San Francisco, April.

2388.

P. strobiligena, Desin. — On cones of Pseudotsuga Doug-

lasii, Healdsburg, April. 1504.

LfBRAfeV

260 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

P. ramealis, Desm. — On twigs of Primus amygdalus, Sac-
ramento, April. 1241.

P. vitis, Bon. — On stems of Vitis Californica, Sacramento,
April. 1236.

Cryptosporium Neesii, Fr. — On Alnus rubra, Tamalpais,
April. 1374.

Sph^ropsis lanceolata, 0. & E. — On stems of Urtica
holosericea, Sacramento, April. 1229.

Diplodia decorticata, C. & E. — On decorticated Acacia,
San Francisco, April. 1416, 1437.

D. gallje, B. & C. — On oak galls, Healdsburg, April.

1514.

D. herbarum, Cke. — On stems of Artemisia pycnoeephala,
San Francisco, April. 1253.

D. maura, Cke. & Ell. — On Pyrus communis, Sacramento,
April. 1239.

D. meljexa, Lev. — On twigs of Untbellularia Californica,
Tamalpais, April — June. 1304.

D. mutila, Fr. — On Acacia, San Francisco, April.

1438, 2077.

D. pruni, Fckl. — On Pruims amygdalus, Sacramento,
April, 1593.

D. vulgaris, Lev. — On Acacia, San Francisco, April.

1249.

Hendersonia culmicola, Cke. — On stems of Juncus Lesuerii,
San Francisco, April. 1435.

H. rubi, "West. — On dead stems of Bubus ursinus, Tamal-
pais, April. 1405.

Vermicularta rectispora, Cke. & Ell. — On Echinocystis
Californica, Martinez, April. 1312.

Discosia minima, B. & C. — On leaves of Arbutus Mermesii,
Tamalpais, April. 1317.

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 261

DlSCELLA MICROSPERMA, B. & Br. On twigs of Salix. Sac-
ramento, March. 1198.

Melanconium magnum, Berk. On Acer macrophyllum,
Sunol, April. 2439.

Melanconium sphjeroideum, Lk. On Alnus rubra, Tamal-
pais, March. 2252.

Stilbospora ovata, Pers. On Acer macrophyllum, Tam-
alpais, February. 3189.

Stilbospora monotospora, Cke. On Acer macrophyllum,
April. 1537, 1539.

Septonema toruloidea, 0. & E. On stems of Scrophvla-
ria Calif or nica, April. 1326.

Ascochyta pisi, Lib. On leaves of Lathyrus, Berry vale,
July. 3346.

Pestalozzia guepini, Desm. On living leaves of Camel-
lia Japonica, San Francisco, April. 3059.

Pestalozzia funerea, Desm. On Cupressvs macrocarpa
and Araucaria imbricata, San Francisco, April,

1271, 1440, 2427.

Pestalozzia heterospora, Desm. On Cupressus macro-
carpa, San Francisco, February. 2208.

Pestalozzia monoch^eta, Desm. On leaves of Eucalyptus,
San Francisco, February. 2155.

Torula graminis, Cda. On straw, San Francisco, April.

2320.

Torula herbarum, Lk. On stems of Lathyrus and Mes-
embryanthemum, San Francisco. 1309, 2305.

Torula quaternata, C. & E. — On Lavatera, San Francisco,
April. 2430.

Speira toruloides, Cda. — On Eucalyptus, San Francisco,
April. 2401.

262 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

Sporidesmium herbarum, Cke. — On twigs of Artemisia,
May. 1598.

Sporidesmium translucens, Cke. — On Pseudotsuga Doug-
lassii and on Quercus, Healdsburg, April. 1553.

Gymnosporium inquinans, Berk. — On Arundo, San Fran-
cisco, March. 2211).

iEciDiUM Isomerinum, Pk. — On Isomer is arborea, Caliente,
July. 3720.

Chrysomyxa pirolata, Kurn. — On leaves